Name: 批判性思考與解決問題：做出更好的決策 (Critical Thinking and Problem Solving: Make Better Decisions )
Uploaded: 2018-06-10T13:54:36.000Z
Duration: 24 min

Your future is nothing but the outcome of the decisions you make today.

你的未來取決於你今日所做的決定

You make better decisions today, your future will be more prosperous, you make the wrong

你今天做了更好的決定，你的未來會更有前景，你做錯決定

ones, then your future will be full of struggles.

So, today we are going to talk about critical thinking and how it applies to problem solving.

所以今天我們要講的是批判性思考，以及如何將它應用在解決問題上

Critical thinking ability is like having infrared goggles and looking at the sky at night.

批判思考能力就像戴紅外線護目鏡一樣，然後你望向夜晚的天空

Without it, You look at the space, you see only three things, you see stars, sometimes you see planets

沒有戴上它，你看向外太空，你只看到三樣東西，星星、其他星球

But the moment you put on your infrared goggles then you get to see all these beautiful

但當你戴上紅外線護目鏡後，你可以看到各式各樣美麗的

星際雲、巨型星際雲、塵埃等等

It so colorful, right? So you get to see the things we

這很色彩繽紛對吧 ? 所以你能夠看到這些

It lets you identify the actual problems, the root causes, but it also helps you see

幫助你去辨認真正的問題，根本性原因，也幫助你看見

Now, critical thinking isn't only applicable to your work.

批判性思考不只可以應用在你的工作上

It's applicable to every single area of your life.

它可以應用在你生活的每個領域

So, that's what we'll cover in this video.

所以這會是我們在這部影片要講的部分

And the framework starts with Problem Statement.

這個架構起始於問題描述 (Problem Statement)

Problem statement is very similar to a project charter.

問題描述和專案章程 (Project Charter) 非常相似

It includes Goals, as in what are you trying to achieve,

它包含了目標，你想要試圖達成什麼

your success criteria, as in how will I know I succeeded or failed, your assumptions, timelines,

你的成功標準是什麼，要如何知道我是成功或失敗的，你的假設、時間軸

I am actually going to call this Problem Charter.

我將會把這個稱為問題章程 (Problem Charter)

This document is very helpful for two reasons.

The second reason being a lot more important than the first.

第 2 個理由比第 1 個理由更重要

The first reason why it's very helpful is because when you get engaged in that problem

第 1 個理由很有用處，原因是當你設法在解決這個問題時

solving mode, you start uncovering a lot of other symptoms, that may be caused by completely

你開始發現許多其他徵兆，這可能由

We are not interested in that at that moment.

我們在這時候還不需要關注這些

You will document those, but you are not going to develop solution alternatives, and develop

你會把這些記下來，但你不會發展其他替代解決方案，並研究

So, it helps you understand your scope, who to deal with, the timelines, it basically

所以這有助於你瞭解問題的範圍、處裡的對象和時間軸，基本上

就是讓所有事物在一定的控制底下

But to be honest, in my decade long consulting career, I noticed that the biggest help of

但說實話，在我十年長的諮詢經驗來說，我注意到

having such a charter is all about moving through bureaucracy.

這個章程最有幫助的一點是通過官僚作風體系

When you are going through problem solving stages, you actually do a lot of work, you

當你正在解決問題的各個階段，你需要做很多工作

summon meetings, you request data from various departments, you request for expertise from

你召集會議，蒐集各單位的資料，要求專業諮詢協助

consultants, so you are shaking things, you are moving things around.

你在重新整頓所有事物，把所有事繞過一遍

What gives you the power to call all these people to a meeting room, what gives you the

誰給你權力去召集這些人來開會，誰給你權力

power to ask for certain analytics data from a completely different department?

去要求完全不同的單位提供特定的分析資料

Why should they attend that meeting or give you the data you want?

為什麼他們要參加會議或給你你想要的資料呢 ?

Because they like you and they want to help you?

Now if you are a senior employee, you are a manager, director, VP, then fine, of course

如果你是資深員工，你是經理、處長、副總裁，那當然

everyone will come in to the meeting or give you the data you want.

每個人會來參加會議或給你資料

Corporate companies aren't usually very agile.

法人公司的動作通常不是很迅速

They move slowly and the employees are usually very – they are not lazy but they push back

他們的動作緩慢，員工通常非常 ... 也不是說懶惰，而是比較會拖延

–They don't want to stop what they are doing and join your little problem solving

他們不想停下手中的工作，參加你的小小問題

brainstorm session and go through your little PowerPoint of fishbone analysis.

腦力激盪會議，然後瀏覽你簡報裡的魚骨圖分析

他們有他們自己要擔心的事要去處理

So, if you have your problem charter, only a few pages, signed off by a sponsor, someone

所以，如果你有你的問題章程，只要少少幾頁，贊助商或某資深主管也簽過名

senior, then you have the power to get the data you want and bring in experts, and call

你就有權去拿到你要的資料，且可找專家

That's what your power comes from. Ok, now let's continue; now you developed the problem statement,

這就是你權力的來源。好，接著是，你已經完成你的問題章程

you got your buy-in from someone senior, now, you are off to solving the problem.

你得到某資深人員的同意，現在可以開始解決問題

The 2nd step in your critical thinking towards a problem is identifying the root causes,

批判性思考的第 2 步驟是去分辨根本的原因

We want to look at the symptoms, or the consequences, and walk backwards and until we reach the root causes.

我們觀察問題的症狀、結果，然後推敲回去直到最根本的原因

Like Fishbone analysis for relatively more complex ones, or for simple problems you can

你可以用魚骨圖來分析相對複雜的問題，或對檢疫的問題可以用

5 Whys is made famous by Toyota Production System.

五個為什麼來自豐田汽車的製程方法學

As the name suggests, you ask WHY WHY WHY until you get to a root cause.

就像它的名字一樣，詢問 WHY WHY WHY 直到你找到根本的原因

But what is not so simple is knowing when to stop.

It's not necessarily at the 5th question.

Because you actually can ask infinite amount of WHYs.

因為其實你可以問到無限個為什麼

I mean, If you have children, then you probably know what I am talking about.

我的意思是，如果你有小孩，你大概知道我在說什麼

This is actually a problem that got me into a lot of trouble.

有一個問題是時尚讓我陷入很多麻煩

So, the situation is that when I was at PwC Consulting, every time we have a down time,

這個情況是當我在 PwC 顧問工作時，每天有工作的休養期

meaning when we are not doing client work, we would engage in other work, like research,

意思是我們不用幫顧客做事，我們做其他工作，像是做研究

writing thought leadership articles, delivering pro bono speeches, or write proposals for

寫關於領導力的文章、出席一些不收費的演講或

Now there was this one time, when I couldn't finish the proposal on time.

就在有一次，我沒有準時完成提案報告

As a result, we couldn't submit the document to client and client excluded us from the

因此，我們沒有將報告送到客戶手中，客戶取消了我們的

Now, that's a potentially a million dollar loss for the firm.

Because if we could just submit, we would most probably win the project.

因為如果我們及時繳交，我們有很大的機會贏得案子

This whole thing entirely was my mistake.

I was leading the proposal development, I was the manager, and I had 2 senior associates

我負責主導整個專案進行，我擔任經理，且有兩位資深夥伴

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批判性思考與解決問題：做出更好的決策 (Critical Thinking and Problem Solving: Make Better Decisions )

literally

potential

critical

strategy