and gleaming skyscrapers,

和熠熠生輝的摩天大樓。

and...

還有...

also, really poor people.

也是，真正的窮人。

So is China a rich developed country or still developing country

那麼，中國到底是富裕的發達國家，還是還在發展中的國家呢？

I mean potato potato, does it even matter what you call it?

我是說洋芋洋芋，你叫它什麼都無所謂嗎？

Well as it turns out, yes!

事實證明，是的!

Welcome back to China Uncensored. I'm Chris Chappell

歡迎回到《中國無刪減》。我是Chris Chappell

International trade what a beautiful thing!

國際貿易是一件多麼美好的事情!

Thanks to it. We enjoy

感謝它。我們喜歡

exotic products like bananas or coffee or Raisinets.

異國產品，如香蕉、咖啡或葡萄乾。

Or everyday low prices at Walmart

或在沃爾瑪每天以低價出售

as long as you don't think too hard about where those low prices come from

只要你不仔細想一想這些低價從哪裡來。

But behind the scenes

但在幕後

international trade is a competitive game.

國際貿易是一場競爭性的遊戲。

Think of it like mixed martial arts

就像綜合格鬥一樣

You know, everyone has their different styles of trading.

你知道，每個人都有自己不同的交易風格。

This guy definitely seems like a protectionist.

這傢伙絕對像是一個保護主義者。

And though it may not always seem like it,

雖然看起來不一定是這樣。

there are rules you have to follow

規矩是要遵守的

like no biting or eye gouging.

比如不咬人，不挖眼。

Who makes the rules?

誰制定規則？

Well in MMA

那麼在MMA

it's the UFC.

這是UFC。

And if you break the rules in the ring, there are consequences.

而如果你在擂臺上違反了規則，就會有後果。

In international trade, there's no UFC, but there is the WTO or the World Trade Organization.

在國際貿易中，沒有UFC，但有WTO或世界貿易組織。

Like an octagon where bureaucrats in suits thrash out their differences on trade issues

就像一個八角形，西裝革履的官僚們在貿易問題上爭論不休。

Unfortunately. they actually do it seated at conference tables and not in the Octagon.

不幸的是，他們實際上是坐在會議桌上，而不是在八角籠裡。

I would pay to watch that, though.

不過，我會花錢看的。

But settling disputes about whether countries are playing by the rules isn't the only thing the WTO does.

但解決各國是否遵守規則的爭議並不是WTO唯一的工作。

Its main function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly predictably and freely as possible.

它的主要職能是確保貿易流動儘可能地平穩、可預測和自由。

And besides settling disputes and reducing trade tensions it also helps poor countries develop,

而除了解決爭端、緩解貿易緊張局勢外，還能幫助窮國發展。

and gives the weaker countries a stronger voice

並使弱國有更大的發言權

That means weaker or developing countries get preferential treatment.

這意味著弱國或開發中國家得到優惠待遇。

Imagine a UFC match where the weaker opponent gets all kinds of handicaps.

想象一下，在UFC比賽中，較弱的對手會得到各種盤口。

For example,

例如：

He's allowed to occasionally eye gouge you.

他可以偶爾挖你的眼睛。

President Trump,

特朗普總統。

who's an expert at complaining about things on Twitter, put it this way:

誰'是Twitter上抱怨事情的專家，這樣說。

China is a great economic power?

中國是經濟大國？

but it's considered a developing nation by the WTO.

但它被WTO認為是開發中國家。

They therefore get tremendous perks and advantages.

是以，他們得到了巨大的福利和好處。

That's essentially true.

那'基本上是真的。

According to the WTO

根據世貿組織的規定

there are special provisions

有特殊規定

Which give developing countries special rights.

賦予開發中國家特殊權利；

And for the Chinese government being able to claim

而對於中國政府能夠聲稱

developing country status has been a pretty sweet deal.

開發中國家地位已經是一個相當甜蜜的交易。

Like in the area of government procurement.

比如在政府採購領域。

When the Chinese government buys stuff it's allowed to

當中國政府購買東西時，它被允許'。

discriminate against foreign companies by favoring higher priced and lower quality

厚此薄彼

domestic providers over lower priced and higher quality foreign providers.

國內供應商，而不是價格較低、品質較高的外國供應商；

The US government is not allowed to do that and

美國政府是不允許這樣做的，而且。

developed countries like the US are supposed to give developing countries special breaks

發達國家，如美國，應該給開發中國家以特殊的優惠政策

like setting low tariffs on goods from developing countries.

比如對開發中國家的商品設置低關稅。

But developing countries can set high tariffs on goods from developed countries.

但開發中國家可以對發達國家的商品設置高額關稅。

That means for example that US companies have a harder time selling their stuff in China

比如說，這意味著美國公司在中國賣東西更難了

The WTO also encourages developed countries like the U.S.

WTO還鼓勵美國等發達國家。

to share technology with developing countries.

與開發中國家分享技術。

What's called technology transfer.

什麼叫技術轉讓。

That doesn't mean China is allowed to just steal intellectual property.

這並不意味著中國可以隨便竊取知識產權。

But it does mean the WTO often turns a blind eye to it.

但這確實意味著WTO往往對此視而不見。

So basically when China steps into the Octagon against the US or Europe the WTO refs

是以，基本上當中國與美國或歐洲對立時，WTO裁判就會進入八角形。

Let China wear body armor and they look the other way when China gets in one of those eye gouges.

讓中國穿上防彈衣，中國被人挖了眼，他們就會另眼相看。

Some of these WTO advantages really do make sense for developing countries like Jamaica.

世貿組織的一些優勢對牙買加這樣的開發中國家來說確實很有意義。

It would be unfair if big foreign companies came in and just totally dominate that Jamaican economy.

如果外國大公司進來，完全支配牙買加的經濟，那就不公平了。

To make it ought to be given the time to develop its own industries like sugar and coffee and Bob Marley.

要讓它有時間發展自己的產業，比如糖、咖啡和鮑勃-馬利。

But China's economy is a thousand times bigger.

但中國'的經濟規模要大千倍。

In fact, China's economy is larger than the economy of every single developed country except the US

事實上，中國'的經濟規模超過了除美國以外的所有單一發達國家的經濟規模。

So does it still make sense to treat China as a developing country?

那麼，把中國當成開發中國家還有意義嗎？

Well guess what: it's complicated.

好吧，你猜怎麼著：它&#39；很複雜。

When China started applying to join the WTO back in 1986, it was poor.

早在1986年，中國開始申請加入WTO時，就很窮。

the average gross domestic product or GDP was about

平均國內生產總值或國內生產總值約為

$700 per person per year

每人每年700美元

Compare that to nineteen thousand per person for the U.S. at the time.

對比當時美國的人均一萬九千。

But that's all changed.

但這一切都改變了。

According to the International Monetary Fund

根據國際貨幣基金組織的數據

China's per capita GDP is now 25 times bigger

中國'的人均GDP現在是25倍。

So China's developed now, right?

所以中國'現在發達了吧？

Well, not exactly...

嗯，不完全是...

Jeremy Wallace a professor at Cornell University says China is complicated.

康奈爾大學教授傑里米-華萊士說，中國很複雜。

In many ways China is both a developed and a developing country.

在很多方面，中國既是發達國家，也是開發中國家。

The vast majority of Chinese people are poor and yet because China is such a huge country

絕大多數中國人都很窮，然而因為中國是一個如此龐大的國家

it is still the case that there are a huge number of rich people in China.

中國的有錢人還是很多的。

In fact, there are kind of more rich people in China than there are

事實上，中國的有錢人比有錢人更多。

people in the United Kingdom

聯合王國人民

Bjorn Conrad vice president of the Mercator Institute for China studies breaks it down like this:

墨卡託中國研究所副所長康瑞德（Bjorn Conrad）這樣分析。

It's a...

這是一個...

developed country if you look at number of Starbucks or

發達國家，如果你看看星巴克的數量或

literacy rate.

識字率；

It's a developing country if you look at the numbers of doctors per capita or

這是一個開發中國家，如果你看人均醫生的數量或者是

percentage of the workforce that works in agriculture

從事農業工作的勞動力的百分比

Okay, China, has lots of Starbucks, but not enough doctors.

好吧，中國，有很多星巴克，但醫生不夠多。

So is China developing or developed?

那麼中國是發展還是發達？

Since the WTO gives certain advantages only to developing countries,

由於世貿組織只給開發中國家某些好處。

surely the WTO has a strict set of criteria to make this distinction, right?

世貿組織肯定有一套嚴格的標準來做這種區分，對吧？

Turns out, nope, the WTO has no official definition

原來，不對，WTO沒有正式定義。

Members announce for themselves whether they are developed or developing countries.

成員們自己宣佈他們是發達國家還是開發中國家。

Which is like letting each UFC fighter decide for themselves whether they're allowed to eye gouge their opponent.

這就好比讓每個UFC選手自己決定是否允許挖眼對手一樣。

And which do you think that Chinese Communist Party chose?

而你認為中國共產黨選擇了哪一個？

Since it joined the WTO in 2001, it's been calling China a developing nation, and it's gotten all the cool perks.

自從2001年加入WTO以來，它'一直稱中國為開發中國家，它'得到了所有很酷的特權。

China was the world's fifth biggest economy back then but within a decade it has pulled into second place.

當年中國是世界第五大經濟體'，但在十年內就拉到了第二位。

Now the US and Europe are both calling, China out,

現在美國和歐洲都在呼籲，中國出。

Arguing it's a big enough player that it has to start playing by the rules of developed countries

爭論它'是一個足夠大的玩家，它必須開始按照發達國家的規則來玩。

But the Chinese authorities are pretty sure that China is still developing

但中國當局很肯定，中國還在發展。

So what do you think about the preferential treatment at the World Trade Organization?

那麼，對於世界貿易組織的優惠待遇，你怎麼看？

Is it time China got a status upgrade?

中國的地位是不是該升級了？

Leave your comments below.

請在下方留言。

Once again, I'm Chris Chappell. See you next time

再一次，我是克里斯-查普爾。我是克里斯-查普爾 下次見

Want us to keep making great episodes of China Uncensored?

想讓我們繼續製作《中國無刪減》的精彩劇集嗎？

Of course you do!

你當然要！

And we rely on support from viewers like you.

而我們依靠的是像您這樣的觀眾的支持。

So click this orange button to contribute a dollar or more per episode

所以，點擊這個橙色按鈕，每集捐款一元或更多。

And when you sign up on patreon you'll get some cool rewards too, so click the orange button now

當你在patreon上註冊時，你'會得到一些很酷的獎勵，所以現在點擊橙色按鈕