at some point in our lives

有生之年

be that a harmless cold

無傷大雅

or a more serious condition.

或更嚴重的情況。

Although the medical industry is constantly evolving

雖然醫療行業在不斷髮展

and advancing,

和推進。

We still do not have answers

我們仍然沒有答案

to a surprising amount of problems.

到驚人的問題。

For example, there is still no cure for the common cold

例如，普通感冒至今仍無藥可治。

we do not know what causes cancer

我們不知道什麼原因導致癌症

and do not even know how anaesthesia works.

甚至不知道麻醉是如何工作的。

But there are some interesting conditions

但也有一些有趣的條件

like the fact people who undergo organ transplants

就像接受器官移植的人一樣。

change personalities

變性

And the unknown reason

而未知的原因

why people who are freezing to death

凍死人的原因

remove their clothing.

脫掉他們的衣服。

Here are five disorders, illnesses and conditions

以下是五種失調、疾病和情況。

that are still, and will most likely remain, unsolved.

仍未解決的問題，而且很有可能仍未解決。

Sit back and enjoy.

坐下來享受吧。

We have all heard of hypothermia, the nightmarish condition that occurs when the average person's body temperature drops below 35 degrees.

我們都聽說過低體溫症，這是一種噩夢般的病症，當一般人的體溫降到35度以下時，就會出現這種情況。

It all starts with uncontrollable shivering,

這一切都始於無法控制的顫抖。

followed by difficulty walking, poor coordination, and the appearance of being drunk.

繼而出現行走困難、協調性差、似醉非醉的現象。

As breathing and heart rate slows to a dangerous rate,

隨著呼吸和心率放慢到危險的速度。

the body stops shaking and eventually the person will fall unconscious

渾身顫抖，最終昏迷不醒

and die if not seen to immediately.

如果不立即就診，就會死亡。

But right before death it has been known that the sufferer, in a semi comatose state,

但就在死亡之前，已經知道，患者，處於半昏迷狀態。

will instinctively try to hide.

會本能地想躲起來。

This is not a conscious decision to keep warm,

這不是一個有意識的保暖決定。

because by this stage the person is incoherent,

因為到了這個階段，這個人已經語無倫次了。

confused, and completely unable to make any kind of rational decison.

迷茫，完全無法做出任何理性的決定。

These actions are purely an effort of the body trying one final effort to keep going.

這些動作純粹是身體在做最後的努力，試圖繼續前進。

If this thought is quite unnerving, then wait until you hear about the bizarre phenomenon

如果這種想法很讓人不寒而慄，那就等著聽你說說這個詭異的現象吧。

of paradoxical undressing.

的矛盾脫衣。

Paradoxical undressing is when just before losing consciousness

矛盾的脫衣是指在失去意識前的時候

a sufferer of hypothermia will get the feeling of extreme warmth.

低溫症患者會有極度溫暖的感覺。

Prompting them to remove all of their clothes,

促使他們脫掉所有的衣服。

sometimes folding them into a neat pile before passing away.

有時在去世前把它們折成整齊的一疊。

But why would someone dying of cold want to remove the only thing keeping them warm?

但是，為什麼一個快要凍死的人要把唯一的保暖物移走呢？

Well the reason for this is not completely understood

這其中的原因還不完全明白

although it is thought the dilation of blood vessels in the skin

雖然認為皮膚血管擴張

as a result of the cold and of the deterioration of the brain

由於寒冷和大腦退化的原因

can cause this sensation of extreme heat.

可引起這種極熱的感覺。

Studies show around 30 percent of all people who have passed away from hypothermia

研究表明，在所有因體溫過低而去世的人中，約有30

have had some or all of their clothes removed.

衣服部分或全部被脫掉；

Now I don't know about you but the thought of someone undressing

我不知道你怎麼想的，但一想到有人脫光衣服

from a feeling of warmth whilst their body temperature is continuing to drop

在體溫持續下降的情況下，感到溫暖。

as they freeze to death is very unnerving.

當他們凍死的時候，是非常令人不安的。

And the fact that we do not know for sure why

而事實上，我們並不清楚為什麼會出現這樣的情況

this happens makes the bizarre phenomenon of paradoxical undressing

這就出現了脫衣的怪現象

all the more strange.

更加奇怪的是。

Oakville Blobs.

奧克維爾布洛姆。

Now this next one is strange.

現在這下子就奇怪了。

There is some scepticism about whether it caused ilnesses, but

對於它是否引起疾病，有人持懷疑態度，但。

it is however a fascinating incident.

不過，這是一件很有意思的事情。

At around 3am on the 7th August 1994

1994年8月7日凌晨3時左右

rain began to fall over Oakville, Washington.

華盛頓州奧克維爾的上空開始下雨。

But this was no ordinary rain.

但這不是普通的雨。

What was falling was a strange, jelly like substance.

掉下來的是一種奇怪的，像果凍一樣的物質。

Over the next 3 weeks the area experienced this strange jelly rain a total of 6 times.

在接下來的3周內，該地區共經歷了6次這種奇怪的果凍雨。

Local resident Dottie Hearn described the substance as mushy rice sized blobs

當地居民Dottie Hearn描述，該物質為米粒大小的糊狀物。

with a gelatinous texture.

具有膠狀質地。

And local patrolman David Lacey

而當地巡警大衛-萊西

had to stop his car after the substance smeared over his windscreen making

在他的擋風玻璃上沾滿了該物質後，他不得不停下車來。

it impossible to see.

看不到。

After it had stopped failing, both Dottie and David along with other resident began to fal ill.

在它停止失效後，Dottie和David以及其他居民都開始生病。

They suffered from various symptoms, ranging from difficulty breathing

他們出現了各種症狀，從呼吸困難到呼吸困難。

to vertigo, blurred vision and nausea.

到眩暈、視線模糊和噁心。

Several cats and dogs who had come into contact with the goo

幾隻接觸過黏液的貓狗，都被嚇到了。

were said to have died.

據說已經死亡。

Dotty's symptoms were so severe that she was admitted to hospital,

多蒂的症狀非常嚴重，她被送進了醫院。

and her daughter was convinced that there was a connection

而她的女兒也相信這其中的關係。

to her mother's sudden illness and the blobs.

到她母親的突發疾病，還有那幾個大塊頭。

After examination, it was found that the blobs contained human white blood cells,

經過檢查，發現這些小球中含有人的白血球。

and were teeming with two types of bacteria, one of which

並充斥著兩種類型的細菌，其中一種是

lives in the human digestive system.

生活在人體消化系統中。

This lead to the speculation that it was human waste released from an aeroplane,

這讓人們猜測這是飛機上釋放的人類廢物。

although this was quickly dismissed as waste from planes has to be died blue

雖然這很快就被認為是飛機上的廢物，必須死於藍天下

and is forbidden from being dumped mid flight.

並禁止在飛行途中被甩掉。

However, Dotty was not happy with these findings

然而，Dotty對這些調查結果並不滿意

and over a year after the incident sent some samples she had stored in her freezer

並在事發一年多後送來了她存放在冰箱裡的一些樣品。

to a microbiologist.

到微生物學家。

He discovered a cell

他發現了一個細胞

which are complex nucleus containing cells present in most living creatures,

是大多數生物中存在的含有複雜細胞核的細胞。

meaning whatever it was had to be alive at some point in time.

意思是不管它是什麼，都必須在某個時間點上活著。

This lead to the theory that a military bomb 50 miles away

這導致了50英里外的軍事炸彈的理論

accidentally blew up lots of jellyfish

不小心炸死了很多水母。

scattering them miles into the sky

鋪天蓋地

This theory did not hold up well since the rain came down six times.

這個理論並不成立，因為雨下了六次。

There was no smell

沒有味道

and the distance it would have had to travel seems pretty impossible.

而它所要走的距離似乎是不可能的。

The airforce did however confirm that they were doing practice bombing runs

不過，空軍證實他們正在進行轟炸練習。

over the pacific in 1994.

1994年在太平洋上空。

But denied they had anything to do with the blobs.

但又否認他們和那些圓球有任何關係。

Conspiracy theorists and locals are sceptical about this,

陰謀論者和當地人對此持懷疑態度。

and believe that the military were carrying out an experiment

並認為軍方正在進行一項實驗。

possibly a new biological weapon, to see what affects it would have.

可能是一種新的生物武器，看看會有什麼影響。

But it is strange that samples of the substance no longer exist,

但奇怪的是，這種物質的樣品已經不存在了。

and the illnesses after remain unsolved.

以及之後的疾病仍未解決。

Gulf War Syndrome.

海灣戰爭綜合症。

Humans are not designed to go to war. At least not the types of war which have been fought in the last hundred years.

人類不是為了打仗而設計的。至少不是過去一百年來所進行的戰爭類型。

and this shows with the onset of war related illnesses and mental health problems.

這表明與戰爭有關的疾病和心理健康問題的發生。

Unexplained nerve pain, nausea, headaches,

不明原因的神經痛、噁心、頭痛。

loss of balance, stomach problems, and

失衡、胃病和

chronic fatigue

慢性疲勞

These are just a few of the 53 reported symptoms

這些只是53種報告症狀中的一部分。

experienced by Gulf War veterans.

海灣戰爭老兵經歷的。

Who were suffering from an illness that still has not been properly explained or acknowledged.

患有仍未得到適當解釋或承認的疾病的人；

The illness became so widespread that the government set up disease registers

這種疾病非常普遍，以至於政府建立了疾病登記冊。

but even after assessing over 100,000 soldiers

但即使評估了十多萬名阿兵哥

they failed to find a single cause for the condition.

他們沒能找到導致這種情況的單一原因。

Medical experts were stumped. They could see these very real symptoms

醫學專家們都很疑惑。他們可以看到這些非常真實的症狀

and sufferings, but could not determine why.

和痛苦，但無法確定原因。

One theory is that soldiers returning from the Gulf War had unknowingly been exposed to

一種說法是，從海灣戰爭歸來的阿兵哥在不知情的情況下接觸到了。

depleted uranium in tank shells.

坦克炮彈中的貧化鈾；

Or fumes from burning oil wells.

或油井燃燒產生的煙霧。

Although it did not explain why soldiers who were not exposed to these were also suffering.

雖然沒有解釋為什麼沒有接觸到這些的阿兵哥也在受苦。

Other possible explanations are anthrax vaccines,

其他可能的解釋是炭疽疫苗。

solvents, infectious diseases and chemical age resistant coatings.

溶劑、傳染病和耐化學老化塗料。

There was never any evidence of this.

從來沒有任何證據表明這一點。

But how is this different to PTSD?

但這與創傷後應激障礙有什麼不同？

Well, it's the sheer extent that has manifested since the gulf war.

嗯，這是自海灣戰爭以來表現出來的純粹程度。

And the complete lack of research or reasoning for why

而且完全沒有研究或推理出原因。

this war in particular caused this amount of post-war problems.

尤其是這場戰爭造成了這麼多的戰後問題。

What was also added to this condition is that fact that it took

在這個條件上還增加了一個事實，那就是它花了

until 2008 before a report

直到2008年才提交報告

was released by the US Advisory Comittee.

是由美國諮詢委員會發布的。

Stating that Gulf War Syndrome was a disorder tied to chemical exposure.

指出海灣戰爭綜合症是一種與接觸化學品有關的疾病，

Yet even with all this evidence the government still declared that there was no syndrome.

然而即使有了這些證據，政府仍然宣佈沒有綜合症。

Astonishingly, around 29 percent of soldiers deployed in the Gulf

令人吃驚的是，在海灣地區部署的阿兵哥中，約有29%的人。

are now considered disabled.

現在被視為殘疾。

And many more are still plagued by a combination of unexplained illnesses,

而更多的人還被各種不明原因的疾病所困擾。

that seem to have no origin apart from the fact that they all started after they were in the war.

除了他們都是在參加戰爭後才開始的之外，似乎沒有任何淵源。

The Dancing Plague.

跳舞的瘟疫。

The Dancing Plague is a condition that you may have heard about before.

跳舞瘟疫這個病症，大家可能都聽說過。

The name alone draws you in.

光是名字就吸引了你。

But what exactly is it?

但到底是什麼呢？

Well, in 1374, hundreds of people living in the medieval towns

好吧，在1374年，數以百計的人生活在中世紀的小鎮上。

scattered along the river Rine in central Europe,

散落在歐洲中部的裡內河沿岸。

were suddenly compelled to dance. Not for pleasure, but due to an uncontrollable complusion

突然被迫跳舞不是因為快樂，而是因為一種無法控制的自滿情緒

Although the studies are scarce due to it happening so long ago,

雖然由於發生在很久之前，研究很少。

and many reports seem to have been glorified,

和許多報道似乎都被美化了。

it is said that those who danced literally did so until they died.

據說，那些跳舞的人都是真的跳舞，直到死。

After the initial outbreak, there were no other outbreaks of compulsive dancing

初次爆發後，再無其他強迫性舞蹈的爆發。

until the summer of 1518.

直到1518年夏天。

A woman in France reportedly appeared to dance for 7 days.

據報道，法國一名女子出現了7天的舞蹈。

She was joined by over 100 residents who were affected by the same uncontrollable urges.

和她一起受到同樣無法控制的衝動影響的還有100多名居民。

The authorities of the day left them and hoped they would stop dancing

當年的當局留下他們，希望他們不要再跳了

however they started to drop dead, mostly from heart attacks.

然而他們開始死亡，大多是死於心臟病。

The dancing plague is always interesting to read about,

跳舞的瘟疫總是讓人覺得有趣。

but due to it being exaggerated it is hard to tell what is true and what isn't.

但由於被誇大了，很難說什麼是真，什麼是假。

So what do the records at the time say?

那麼當時的記錄是怎麼說的呢？

It seems that it was a real thing that did happen,

看來，這確實是一件真實發生的事情。

and the people of Strasbourg, where the 1518 case started,

和斯特拉斯堡的人民，1518年的案件就是從這裡開始的。

were convinced that the epidemic was caused by St. Vitus,

他們確信這種流行病是由聖維特斯引起的。

who unleashed a dancing curse on them.

誰對他們釋放了一個跳舞的詛咒。

However, nowadays with more advanced medical science,

然而，現在隨著醫學科學的發展，越來越發達。

we are able to come up with some interesting theories.

我們能夠得出一些有趣的理論。

The most popular being that the people had unwittingly ingested Ergot,

最流行的是，人們在不知不覺中攝入了麥角。

a psychotropic mould which can be found on rye stalks.

一種可以在黑麥稈上找到的精神性黴菌。

(A staple diet at the time.)

當時的主食）。

This seems unlikely, as Ergot can give delusions

這似乎不太可能，因為Ergot會讓人產生錯覺。

would also cut off blood supply making it hard to move freely.

也會切斷血液供應，使其難以自由行動。

Another theory is mass hysteria, although dancing for days on end with very little food seems unlikely.

另一種理論是大規模的歇斯底里，雖然在食物很少的情況下連續幾天跳舞似乎不太可能。

The most plausible explanation seems to be that those affected were

最合理的解釋似乎是，受影響的人是......。

in a disassociate trance, AKA

魂不守舍

a condition that meant they had lost control of their rational thinking.

一種意味著他們失去了理性思維控制的狀況。

Nowadays dissociative trance disorder is a recognised category of mental illness,

如今，解離性恍惚症是公認的一類精神疾病。

described by psychiatrists as a narrowing of one's attention

狹隘症

so that things like sight and movement are placed outside of one's reality.

以致於視線和動作等事物被置於自己的現實之外。

So in effect, dancing plague could have been a form of mental illness,

所以實際上，跳舞的瘟疫可能是精神疾病的一種。

possibly bought on by the condition of the time or another unknown reason.

可能是當時的條件或其他未知的原因買來的。

But it is said that this unknown illness that caused people to move in a manner

但據說這種不知名的疾病，導致人們的行動方式

that looked like they were dancing took the lives of hundreds of people

貌似跳舞的東西奪走了幾百人的生命。

and it is still a mystery as to why

而至今仍是個謎，為什麼？

New Organ = New Person.

新機關=新人物。

Although organ donation is controversial and divides opinions,

雖然器官捐獻存在爭議，意見不一。

there is no denying that many people's lives have been saved by receiving another person's organ

無可否認，許多人的生命都是通過接受別人的器官而得以挽救的。

to replace their failing one.

以取代他們的故障。

But, with the growing list of transplant patients,

但是，隨著移植患者名單的不斷增加。

it is becoming apparent that some recipients are inheriting the traits of their donors.

越來越明顯的是，一些接受者繼承了捐贈者的特徵。

There are many examples of this.

這方面的例子有很多。

Take Simon, a 29 year old who was born with Cystic Fibrosis,

以29歲的西蒙為例，他天生就患有囊性纖維化。

and from a young age knew he would eventually need a new liver.

並且從小就知道自己最終會需要一個新的肝臟。

That happened when he received the liver of an 18 year old girl.

那是發生在他接受一個18歲女孩的肝臟時。

The operation was a success. However, upon waking, the once polite boy

手術很成功。然而，醒來後，這個曾經很有禮貌的男孩

was swearing, something he never did before the operation.

在說髒話，這是他在手術前從未做過的事。

Simon believes the reason he started swearing was because of the transplant

西蒙認為他開始說髒話的原因是因為移植的原因

that must have given him some of the transplantee's traits.

那一定給了他一些移植者的特徵。

Then there's the story of Bill, a 52 year old Arizona businessman,

還有一個52歲的亞利桑那州商人比爾的故事。

who suffered a heart attack and received a new heart from Hollywood stunt man Brady Michaels.

他心臟病發作，從好萊塢特技演員布雷迪-邁克爾斯那裡得到了一顆新的心臟。

After recovering from the operation, Bill, the once overweight and unhealthy man,

手術恢復後，曾經的比爾，超重的不健康的男人。

was drawn towards sport and getting fit.

被吸引到運動和健身的方向。

He even became a medal winning swimmer, cyclist, and runner.

他甚至成為了一名獲得獎牌的游泳運動員、自行車運動員和跑步運動員。

Traits he linked to his new heart.

他的特徵與他的新心相連。

However it's not always the good parts of the donor's personalities which manifest,

然而並不總是體現出捐贈者個性中好的部分。

and one story sticks out in particular.

有一個故事特別突出。

Sonny from Georgia received a heart from a suicide victim,

喬治亞州的桑尼收到了一個自殺者的心臟。

and in the years after receiving his new heart had shown no signs of unhappiness or depression.

而在接受新心臟後的幾年裡，他沒有表現出任何不快樂或抑鬱的跡象。

But in April 2008 he was found in his garage with a self-inflicted shotgun wound to his throat.

但在2008年4月，他被發現在他的車庫裡，喉嚨上有自殘的槍傷。

These were the identical circumstances in which his donor had killed himself 12 years earlier.

這些都是12年前他的捐獻者自殺時的相同情況。

Incredibly, Sonny's widow Cheryl was previously married to his donor,

令人難以置信的是，桑尼的遺孀謝麗爾此前曾與他的捐獻者結婚。

they had become friends and Sonny said he felt like he had known her for years.

他們成為了朋友，桑尼說他覺得自己已經認識她很多年了。

These are just a few of the many bizarre changes in personality in people who have received organ transplants.

這些只是接受器官移植的人性格上諸多怪異變化的一部分。

Scientists who have studied this condition have called it 'Cell Memory Phenomenon',

研究這種情況的科學家將其稱為 "細胞記憶現象"。

and believe that the changed behaviours and emotions experienced by the recepients

並認為接受者的行為和情緒發生了變化。

are due to the memories stored in the neurons of the organ donated.

是由於儲存在捐獻器官的神經元中的記憶。

There is now evidence to suggest that up to six percent of organ recipients

現在有證據表明，高達6％的器官接受者。

will experience some change of personality.

會經歷一些性格上的變化。

And in addition to this there was one patient who had a liver transplant acquired the immune system

而除此之外，還有一位肝移植的患者獲得了免疫系統。

and the blood type of the donor.

以及捐贈者的血型。