But all those books were written in different literary styles.

但這些書都是以不同的文學風格所寫成

Yeah, think of it like walking into a bookstore where every aisle has a different kind of literature.

是的, 可以想像成踏進一間書室, 那裏每一行都有不同種類的文學作品

There's history, or poetry, or nonfiction, and when you choose an aisle and pick up a book

有歷史, 或是詩歌, 或是非小說類. 而當你選擇了一行, 拿起一本書

you're gonna have very different expectations, different things that you're looking for.

你將會有很不同的期望, 在找不同的東西

Right, they're all literature but they communicate in really different ways.

對, 它們全都是文學作品, 但它們以真的很不同的方式去交流

Yes, and so the same thing is true for the Bible.

是的, 所以聖經也是這樣

If you don't pay attention to what style it's written in, you will miss out on the brilliance of each book.

如果你沒有留意寫作的風格, 你會錯過了每本書的光彩

So, what are the main types of literature in the Bible?

所以聖經中主要的文學類型有什麼?

Well first and foremost is narrative. It makes up a whopping 43% of the Bible.

那個...首先是敘述. 它佔了聖經中高達43%的部分.

After that is poetry, which is 33% of the Bible.

然後是詩歌, 佔了聖經的33%.

And then there's what you could call prose discourse, which makes up the remaining 24%.

再之後是你可叫作散文論述的一類, 佔了餘下的24%

Nearly half the Bible is narrative.

聖經中接近一半是敘述

Yes, and this is no accident.

是的, 這不是偶然

Stories are the most universal form of human communication.

故事是人類交流的最普遍方式

Our brains are actually hardwired to take in information through stories.

實際上, 我們的腦袋與生俱來就是通過故事來接收資訊

And stories are really enjoyable. Why is that?

故事也實在是令人享受的, 為什麼呢?

Well stories train us to make sense of the seemingly random events that happen in life

那個...故事訓練我們搞清生命中所發生, 看似隨機的事件

by taking those events and then putting them in a sequence,

透過思考這些事件, 然後把它們排列好

and then together you can start to see the meaning and purpose of it all.

合起來時, 你可以開始看見這些所有事的意義和目的

And what links this all together?

那什麼把這些一切連到一起?

Well good stories always have a character who wants something and then

那個嘛...好的故事總是會有一個角色想要一些東西

through these characters an author can explore life's big questions

然後通過這些角色, 一個作者可以探討生命中的重大問題

like who are we or what's really important in life. And a good story always involves some kind of conflict;

就如我們是誰, 或是生命中真的很重要的是什麼. 而一個好的故事總是會包含一些衝突

some challenge to overcome just like in our own lives.

就像我們的生命中, 有一些困難要去跨過

And that forces us to think about our own challenges,

而這驅使我們去思想我們自己的困難

why there's so much pain or disappointment in the world

為什麼世界上會有很多通苦, 或是失望

and then what can we do about it?

而對於這我們又可做些什麼

And stories usually end with some kind of resolution giving us hope for our own stories.

故事多數會以解決來結束, 帶給我對自身故事的盼望

Since these are Bible stories, are the characters showing me how I should live?

由於這些是聖經故事, 是否這些角色在讓我看看我應如何生活

Yeah, that's not quite the point. Most Bible characters are deeply flawed.

這不是太重點的地方. 大部分的聖經角色都是有很重的缺失

You should not be like them. But, we are supposed to see ourselves in them which

你不應像他們. 但我們假設應在他們中看見自己

helps us then see our lives and failures from a new perspective.

那幫助我們以新的角度去檢視自己的生命和失敗

And without even realizing it these stories will start to mess with you

甚至在沒有意識到這些時, 這些故事也會開始把你弄得一團糟

and change how you see the world, and other people, and yourself.

改變你如何看這個世界, 其他人和自己的方式.

Now there are different types of narrative in the Bible.

在聖經中, 有不同種類的敍述

Yeah, there's historical narrative, but also narrative parables, short biographical narratives like the

是的, 有歷史敍述, 同時也有敘述式比喻, 短篇的傳記式敘述, 如四福音

four Gospels. We'll look at all these in later videos.

我們將會在往後的影片看看它們

Okay. Next up is poetry which honestly I don't read a lot of.

好的. 下一個是詩歌, 老實說我沒有太多的看它們

Yeah, you're like most people. But, one out of every three chapters in the Bible is poetry.

是的, 你跟大多數人一樣. 但是, 每三章聖經就有一章是詩歌.

Yeah, why so much poetry?

是的, 因何那麼多詩歌呢?

Well poems mainly speak through

那個嘛...詩歌主要透過密集而有創意的語言說話

dense creative language, linking together images to help us envision the world differently.

把圖像聯系起來, 幫助我們不一樣地想像世界

Poems use lots of metaphor to evoke your emotion and your imagination.

詩歌用很多的隱喻去引發你的情緒和想像力

Lots of fancy language. But wouldn't it be easier just to tell me

很多花巧的語言. 但直接告訴我要知道的事

what I need to know?

不是會更容易嗎?

Well think about it. In life we tend to form mental ruts

那個嘛..想一想, 在生活中, 我們傾向有一些固有的思想

and we think in these familiar well-worn paths that are very hard to get out of

我們會以這些熟悉平常的進路去思考, 以邏輯和推理是難以跳出這個框架

through logic or reasoning. And what good poetry does is force you off the familiar path

而好的詩歌會做到的是驅使你離開這熟悉的思路, 進入新的領域.

into new territory. Sneaky. And there's different types of poetry in

這很聰明.

the Bible; there's lots of types of songs or psalms.

在聖經中, 有很多不同類型的歌或是詩篇

There's the reflective poetry of the wisdom books and then

有智慧書的反思詩歌

the passionate resistance poetry of the prophets.

然後是先知的激昂抵抗性的詩歌

Okay, the last big literary type is called prose discourse,

好的, 最後一個大的文學類型是散文論述

and it makes up a quarter of the Bible.

它佔了聖經的四分之一

Yeah, these are speeches, letters, or essays. And the focus here is building a sequence of ideas or thoughts

是的, 它們是演講, 書信或是論文. 焦點是把一系列的點子或想法建立

into one linear argument that requires a logical response like,

成需要一個邏輯回應的一個線性論據,

"Hey! have you thought about this thing? You should also consider how it connects to this other thing.

像是: "你有否想過這件事? 你也應該想想它跟那一件事如何的關聯.

And if you do then you will see that this is the result and

如果你這樣做, 你會看見這是結果

in light of that conclusion, therefore, you should probably stop doing that one thing

按照這個結論, 你似乎應該去停止做那一件事

so that this other thing will be the outcome."

所以這另一件事將會是結果."

So, you're persuading me with reason.

所以, 你是在以理由來說服我

Yeah, discourse forces you to think logically and consistently and

是的, 論述驅使你去邏輯地和一致地思想

then do something about it.

然後在此之上去做一些事

Biblical discourse is found in law collections,

聖經的論述可在律法系列中,

in wisdom literature, and the letters written by the apostles.

智慧文學中和使徒所寫的書信中找到

Okay, so each book of the Bible has one literary style.

好的, 所以聖經的每一本書都有一個文學風格

No, actually most books have a primary literary style, like narrative for example.

不是的, 實際上大部分的書有一個主要的文學風格, 舉列說: 敍述

But then embedded in the narrative you'll come across poems or parables or a collection of laws.

但在敍述中, 你能遇到嵌在其中的詩歌, 或是比喻, 或是一系列的律法

Every biblical book is a unique combination of literary styles.

每一本聖經的書是一個有不同文學風格的獨特組合

And to read that book well I need to be familiar with each literary type

要讀那本書, 我要對每一個文學風格熟悉

and how it works.

和它如何運作

Yeah, so you know what to pay attention to and what questions you should ask.

是的, 所以你知道要留意什麼和問什麼問題

But before we look at each type there's one more unifying feature of biblical literature,

但在我們細看每一個類型前, 要知道聖經文學有一個更統一的特色

that's really important and really cool, and that's what we'll explore next.

那很重要和真的很酷, 那是我們下次將會探討的

Hey everybody. Thanks for watching this Bible Project video.

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It's one part of a much larger series on how to read the Bible.

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You can find more of those videos and all of our videos for free at thebibleproject.com.

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We're a non-profit crowdfunded animation studio,

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which means you can actually join us and help us make more videos. Again, go

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to thebibleproject.com. And one more thing, this video is lovingly dedicated

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to my former teacher Ray Lubeck. He first introduced me to all the ideas that we

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explored in this video. If you want to learn more about these ideas check out

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his book called Read the Bible for a Change by Professor Ray Lubeck. Love you Ray.

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Thanks so much.