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Hi, everybody!

嗨，大家好！

My name is Alisha, and today I'm going to give a short explanation of some basic uses

我的名字是阿麗莎，今天我要去 簡述一些基本用途

of the present perfect tense.

的現在完成時。

So, let's begin!

那麼，我們開始吧！

Okay, the present perfect tense, what I'm going to talk about today, there are two basic

好吧，現在的完成時態，我是什麼 今天要講的，有兩個基本的。

points to think about when using the present perfect tense.

使用現在的時候要考慮的問題 完美時態。

We use the present perfect tense, first, number one, to express a life experience so this

我們用的是現在的完成時態，第一，數。 一，表達一種生活體驗，所以這

can be a life experience you have had, or a life experience you have never had.

可以是你曾經的生活經歷，或 一種你從未有過的生活體驗。

So, we use this grammar point to talk about life experience but with one key nuance, this

所以，我們用這個文法點來談談 的生活經驗，但有一個關鍵的細微差別，這個

life experience, it happened at a non-specific or an unimportant point in time, so the point

生活中的經歷，它發生在一個不特定的。 或一個不重要的時間點，所以該點

in time when this life experience happened is not important in this sentence.

生前 在這句話中並不重要。

In the sentence where you use the present perfect tense, the point in time where you

在你使用現在的句子中 完全時態，在這個時間點上，你

had the experience is not the focus of your statement, the focus of your statement is

經驗不是你的重點 聲明，你聲明的重點是

just the life experience.

只是人生的經歷。

So, to give a visualization of this on a timeline with past present and future, the present

是以，為了在時間軸上直觀地顯示這一點 古今中外

perfect tense is used to express a life experience at a non specific point in time meaning we

完美時態 在一個不特定的時間點上，意味著我們

use it for some experience you had at some point before the present, some point before

借鏡 前後

the current conversation.

當前的對話。

So we use the present perfect tense to talk about a life experience that happened at a

所以我們用現在的完成時態來說話 身邊事

non-specific point in the past.

過去不特定的點。

So when specifically this experience happened is not important, this grammar point allows

那麼這種經歷具體發生在什麼時候呢？ 並不重要，這個文法點允許

us to simply say that we have or have not had an experience.

我們只需說我們有或沒有。 有過一次經歷。

So this is the first grammar point about the present perfect tense, the simple use of the

所以，這是第一個文法點，關於the 現在完成時態，簡單的使用

present perfect tense.

現在完成時。

The next point I want to talk about though, is the second point, number two, here we use

不過接下來我想說的是。 是第二點，第二條，這裡我們用的是

the present perfect tense to talk about an action that started in the past and continues

現在進行時 前事不忘後事之師

to the present.

到現在。

The effect of an action that started in the past continues to the present.

開始的行動的效果 過去延續到現在。

So this is a grammar point that's slightly different from number one that I talked about,

所以，這是個文法點，稍稍 與我說的第一條不同。

so the image here is an action that started at some point in the past, it began at some

所以這裡的圖片是一個動作，開始 在過去的某個時候，它開始於某個

point in the past, and it continues to the present, or the effects of that action continue

在過去的點上，它一直延續到現在。 或該行動的影響繼續存在

to the present.

到現在。

So this is something we can use to talk about where we live, our studies, our work experience,

所以，這是我們可以用來談論的東西 我們生活的地方，我們的學習，我們的工作經驗。

for example.

例如：

I'll show you in a couple of example sentences a little bit later, but this is the second

我用幾個例句來告訴你。 稍後，但這是第二件事

use; the second grammar point I want to talk a little bit about today.

使用；我想說的第二個文法點是 關於今天的一點點。

So, it's important to note that when we use this second point, when we use the second

所以，需要注意的是，當我們使用了 這第二點，當我們用第二

use of this grammar point, we often use the words “for” and “since” to express

這個文法點的使用，我們經常會用 夫

that action that began in the past and continued to the present.

始作俑者 到現在。

It gives the listener some extra information about the duration about how long that action

它給了聽眾一些額外的資訊 關於該動作的持續時間

has continued, so the difference between “for” and “since,” many people make a mistake

一直在繼續，所以，"為 "與 "不為 "之間的區別。 和 "自"，很多人都犯了一個錯誤

with this.

與此。

So use of “for” and “since” is important with grammar point number two here, especially

所以 "for "和 "since "的使用很重要。 文法點二，尤其是

because it gives the listener some information about how long the action has been happening.

因為它給了聽眾一些資訊 關於行動發生了多長時間。

So in an example sentence, you could say, “I have lived in Paris for three years,”

所以在一個例句中，你可以說。 "我在巴黎生活了三年"。

or you could say “I have lived in Paris since 2014.”

或者你可以說 "我在巴黎住過 自2014年以來。"

So you can hear “for” is used for a period of time, “I have lived in Paris for three

所以你可以聽到 "為 "是用來表示句號的。 的時間，"我在巴黎生活了三

years.”

年。"

Three years is a period of time, your period of time can be years, months, days, minutes,

三年是一個時期，你的時期 的時間可以是年、月、日、分鐘。

hours, and so on.

小時，以此類推。

Any period of time can be used with the word “for.”

任何時間段都可以用這個詞。 "為。"

I have been teaching this lesson for few minutes.

這節課我已經教了幾分鐘了。

I have been standing up for about an hour ,for example.

我已經站了一個小時了 比如說

You can use a different time duration for different expressions, you can use this actually

您可以為 不同的表達方式，你可以用這個其實

a lot in your everyday life.

在你的日常生活中，很多。

But on the other hand, let's talk about “since.”

但另一方面，我們來談談 "自"。

So “since” is used for a point in time.

所以 "自 "是用來表示一個時間點的。

When we want to talk about a point in time where an action began, where an action started,

當我們想談論一個時間點的時候。 一個行動開始的地方，一個行動開始的地方。

we can use “since.”

我們可以用 "既然"。

So for example, in my sentence, I said, I have lived in Paris since 2014.

所以，比如說，在我的句子中，我說，我。 自2014年起在巴黎生活。

So that “since” shows the exact year when I started living in Paris, I have lived in

是以，"自 "顯示了確切的年份，當 我開始在巴黎生活，我住在

Paris since 2014, and the action continues to the present.

自2014年以來，巴黎的行動還在繼續 到現在。

So we can use “for” and “since” to show when an action began, and we also know

所以我們可以用 "為 "和 "自 "來進行 顯示行動開始的時間，我們也知道了

that that action is going to be continuing, that action will continue to the present.

該行動將繼續進行。 該行動將持續到現在。

So these are kind of the two grammar points I'd like to talk about.

所以這也算是兩個文法點了 我想談談。

Then lastly, I want to talk about how to make this grammar point, how to make the present

那麼最後，我想說的是如何使 這個文法點，如何讓現在的

perfect tense.

完美時態。

So I have three categories here, there's positive statements, negative statements, and questions

所以我這裡有三類，有積極的 語句、否定語句和問題

statements.

聲明：

These are just the basic forms of these three types of sentences.

這只是這三種的基本形式 句子的類型。

So, let's talk about a few different sentence patterns that we can make.

那麼，我們就來談談幾個不同的句子吧 模式，我們可以做。

I have positive statements, negative statements, and question statements.

我有正面的說法，負面的說法。 和問題陳述。

These are just a few examples of the type of sentences and questions that you can make

這些只是幾個例子 的句子和問題，你可以使

with this grammar point.

與這個文法點。

So first, to make a positive statement, we'll use “have” or “has,” depending on

所以，首先，為了積極的聲明，我們將 視情況用 "有 "或 "已"。

your subject.

你的主題。

If your subject is “I,” for example, we'll say “I have,” “you have,” and “we have;”

例如，如果你的主題是 "我"，我們就會。 說 "我有"、"你有"、"我們有"。

for “he” and “she,” “he has,” “she has,” and so on.

為 "他 "和 "她"，"他有"，"她有"，等等。

So depending on your subject, we will use “have” or “has,” next, we need to

所以，根據你的主題，我們會用 "有 "或 "有"，接下來，我們需要將

include the past participle form of the verb.

包括動詞的過去分詞形式。

So for example, “I have lived in Paris,” “lived” is the past participle form of

所以，比如，"我曾在巴黎生活過" "住 "是過去分詞的形式。

the verb “live.”

動詞 "活"。

"I have been to Paris," so we can use these past participle forms of verbs “been”

"我去過巴黎"，所以我們可以用這些... 過去分詞形式的動詞 "被"

in this case to talk about the present perfect tense.

在這裡說說現在的完美 時態。

To use the present perfect tense, please try to remember your past participle forms of

要使用現在完成時態，請嘗試 記住你的過去分詞形式

verbs.

動詞：

But I find that one of the best ways to get used to using the correct form of the verb

但我發現，最好的方法之一是獲得 習以為常

here is just practicing in sentences, it's a little bit difficult to memorize all the

在這裡只是練習句子，它的 有點困難，要記住所有的

verbs just from a list, so try practicing them in sentences to remember.

動詞，所以嘗試著去練習 他們用句子來記憶。

Let's talk then about how to make a negative statement.

那麼，我們就來談談如何讓消極的 聲明：

So a life experience you have not had, this is the sentence pattern that you can use to

所以，一個你沒有的人生經歷，這個 是你可以用的句型，以

describe that.

描述一下。

So again, depending on your subject, use “have” or “has;” “I have,” “he has,”

所以再根據你的主題，用 "有" 或 "有"；"我有"、"他有"

and so on.

諸如此類。

Next, we'll include “never.”

接下來，我們將加入 "永不"。

So “I have never,” “he has never,” “they have never,” “you have never,”

所以 "我從來沒有"，"他從來沒有"。 "他們從來沒有"，"你從來沒有"

and so on.

諸如此類。

So this “never” shows no experience, this is our negative expression.

所以這個 "從來沒有 "說明沒有經驗，這個 是我們的負面表達。

Then finally, we'll include the past participle form of the verb, so “I have never eaten horse,”

最後，我們將包括過去分詞。 的形式，所以 "我沒吃過馬"。

“He has never visited Italy,” and so on.

"他從未去過意大利 "等等。

These make negative statements with “never.”

這些都是用 "從來沒有 "來做否定的陳述。

Okay, and finally, a couple of different question patterns that we can use.

好吧，最後，幾個不同的問題。 模式，我們可以使用。

There are a lot of different questions, yes and no questions, information questions.

有很多不同的問題，是的 而沒有問題，資訊問題。

Let's take a look at a simple one, a simple yes/no pattern.

我們來看一個簡單的，一個簡單的。 是/否模式。

So again, we begin with our “has” and “have” depending on the subject here.

所以，我們再一次從我們的 "已 "開始。 "有 "根據這裡的主題。

So “have you been,” for example, with the past participle verb.

所以，"你有沒有"，比如說，與。 過去分詞動詞。

“Has she seen,” and so on.

"她有沒有看到 "等等。

So again, we need to use this past participle form of the verb when making our questions.

所以，我們又要用這個過去分詞。 我們做題時，動詞的形式。

You might have heard people use “ever;” I have here at the bottom, this “ever”

你可能聽過人們用 "曾經"；。 我這裡的底部，這個 "永遠"

in this sentence style, “have you ever been to France?”

在這種句式中，"你有沒有被 到法國？"

“Have you ever eaten something?”

"你吃過東西嗎？"

This “ever,” the nuance of this “ever” is in your whole life experience, so “ever”

這個 "曾經"，這個 "曾經 "的細微差別。 是在你的整個人生經歷中，所以 "曾經"

kind of amplifies, “ever” emphasizes the importance of your life experience, in your

一種放大，"永遠 "強調的是。 你的生活經驗的重要性，在你的

entire life, have you had the experience of something.

一生中，你是否有過 某種東西。

This "ever" emphasizes your entire life's experience.

這個 "曾經 "強調了你一生的 經驗。

If you say, for example, “have you seen that movie?”

如果你說，例如，"你見過嗎？ 那部電影？"

It sounds like maybe it's a recent movie, but if you say "have you ever seen such and

聽起來也許是最近的電影。 但如果你說 "你見過這樣的和。

such movie?"

這樣的電影？"

It sounds like maybe the movie is a little bit older.

這聽起來像也許電影是有點 老一點的。

So especially in cases where you'd like to emphasize something that's not so recent,

所以，特別是在你想的情況下。 強調一些不近人情的東西。

you might consider using "ever" in your questions.

你可以考慮在你的問題中使用 "永遠"。

"Have you ever been to a different country?"

"你有沒有去過別的國家？"

"Have you ever studied something else?"

"你有沒有學過別的東西？"

So using ever shows that maybe you're thinking about something a little bit further back,

所以用ever表示你可能在想 關於更久遠的事情。

a little bit more in the past in someone's life.

過去在別人的 生命。

Okay, so now that we know this, let's take a look at a few examples sentences that I've

好了，現在我們知道了，讓我們來看看 看一下我的幾個例句吧

prepared.

準備。

So first I have, they ______ in Germany.

所以首先我有，他們在德國的_____。

So here, I want to use the verb "live," so the past participle form of the verb live

所以在這裡，我想用動詞 "活"，所以... 活的過去式

is lived, and my subject here is "they."

是生活，我這裡的主體是 "他們"。

So I need to use "they have lived in Germany."

所以我需要用 "他們在德國生活過"。

This is a very very simple sentence, they have lived in Germany.

這是很簡單的一句話，他們 在德國生活過。

I'm using this simple structure, this simple grammar point number one which we talked about.

我用這個簡單的結構，這個簡單的 我們談到的第一文法點。

So this is just a life experience, when did they live in Germany?

所以，這只是一種生活經驗，什麼時候開始 他們住在德國？

We don't know, but it's just the experience that we want to focus on in this sentence.

我們不知道，但這只是一種經驗。 我們在這句話中要重點強調的。

I could change the sentence to say, "they have lived in Germany since 1999."

我可以把這句話改成 "他們"。 自1999年以來一直住在德國"。

In that case, it means they live in Germany now, also.

如果是這樣的話，說明他們住在德國了 現在，還。

However, if they do not live in Germany, they only want to express their life experience

但是，如果他們不在德國居住，他們就會 只想表達自己的生活經歷

of living in Germany, they could say, they have lived in Germany.

他們可以說，他們在德國生活的日子裡 在德國生活過。

They have lived in Germany, only that sentence.

他們在德國生活過，只有這句話。

So please be careful, "they have lived in Germany since 1999" shows they still live

所以請大家注意，"他們已經住進了 德國自1999年以來 "表明他們仍然生活在

in Germany.

在德國。

Saying "they have lived in Germany" shows only a life experience.

說 "他們曾在德國生活過 "說明 只不過是人生的一次經歷。

If you'd like to give more information about where they live now, do it in the next sentence.

如果您想提供更多關於以下方面的資訊 他們現在住的地方，在下一句做。

"They have lived in Germany, but they travel around a lot, and now they're living in Paris,"

"他們在德國生活過，但他們的旅行。 周圍很多，現在他們住在巴黎，"

for example.

例如：

So using the present progressive tense to give some more information in the next sentence.

所以用現在的遞進式來 在下一句中再提供一些資訊。

Okay, so here we see grammar point number one is being used in this first sentence.

好了，這裡我們看到的文法點編號是： 一正在這第一句話中。

Let's take a look here at a negative sentence.

我們這裡看一下否定句。

"I _____ never ______ to Italy" here.

"我從來沒有到過意大利 "這裡。

We have the subject "I" here, we know that it's a negative sentence because it's "never,"

我們這裡有 "我 "這個主體，我們知道了。 這是一個否定句，因為它是 "從來沒有"

so we need to use "I have never," and then if I want to use the verb "be," if I want

所以我們需要用 "我從來沒有"，然後... ... 如果我想用動詞 "be"，如果我想用。

to use the verb "be," the past participle form of the verb be is been.

用動詞 "被 "的過去分詞。 動詞be的形式是be been。

"I have never been to Italy" is the correct sentence here.

"我沒去過意大利 "才是正確的。 這裡的句子。

So I'm expressing no experience in my life, "I have never been to Italy," meaning as we

所以我表達的是我的生活中沒有經驗。 "我從來沒有去過意大利"，意思是說，正如我們的

talked about with grammar point number one, in my whole life I have not had an experience.

談到與文法點一。 在我的一生中，我還沒有過這樣的經歷。

So there's no time point being used here, I have never had the experience of going to

所以這裡沒有使用時間點。 我從來沒有去過

Italy.

意大利：

Ok, now, let's talk about the next example sentence, "she ______ the test three times."

好了，現在，我們來談談下一個例子。 句子，"她_____考了三次"。

So here I want to use the verb "take," so to take a test, take is going to be the verb

所以在這裡我想用動詞 "拿"，所以。 考試，take將是動詞。

for this sentence.

對於這句話。

So here my subject is "she," and I know this is a positive sentence, a positive statement,

所以在這裡我的主題是 "她"，我知道這個。 是一個褒義句，一個褒義詞。

so I'm going to use "has," "she has."

所以我要用 "有"，"她有"。

And take, the past participle form of the verb take is taken.

而拿，是過去分詞形式的。 動詞采取的是。

"She has taken the test three times."

"她已經考了三次了。"

So this sentence shows in her life experience, at three times, three points in her life,

所以這句話從她的人生經歷中可以看出。 在她生命中的三個時間，三個點。

she has taken the test.

她已經參加了測試。

So we don't know when she took the test but we know she has taken the three times at some

所以我們不知道她是什麼時候考的，但是。 我們知道，她已經採取了三次在某些地方

point in the past.

過去的點。

This is what this sentence teaches us, we don't know when, just that she has taken the

這就是這句話給我們的啟示，我們。 不知道從什麼時候開始，只知道她已經拿起了

test three times.

測試三次。

Okay, next, let's look at this sentence, may be a very useful sentence for some people

好了，接下來，我們看一下這句話，可 對某些人來說是非常有用的句子

who are watching this video on this channel.

誰在這個頻道上看這個視頻。

So this is "I ________ English for two years."

所以這是 "我_______英語兩年"。

Okay, so there's a big hint word here, I have the word "for" included in this sentence.

好吧，所以有一個大的提示詞在這裡，我有。 本句中的 "為 "字。

Remember we use "for" to talk about a time period, a time period.

記住，我們用 "為 "字來談時間 期，一個時間段。

So that connects to grammar point two which we talked about over here.

所以，這就與文法點二相通，即 我們在這裡談論的。

So remember with grammar point number two for present perfect tense, we're showing an

所以，請記住與文法點二 對於現在完成時，我們顯示了一個

action that started in the past and continues to the present.

前事不忘後事之師 到現在。

Okay, so the verb I want to use here is "study."

好吧，所以我想在這裡用的動詞是 "學習"。

So my subject is "I," so I need to use "have" in this case, and the past participle form

所以我的主語是 "我"，所以我需要用 "有" 這裡是過去分詞形式的

of study is studied, so "I have studied English for two years."

的研究，所以 "我學過英語。 兩年。"

This shows us a length of time, a period of time, a duration of your studies, it shows

這向我們展示了一個時間的長度，一個時期的。 時間，你的學習時間，它顯示了

your studies are continuing, you are still studying English.

你的學業還在繼續，你還 學習英語。

Two years ago you started and you have continued since that time, you have continued study

兩年前，你就開始了，並且一直在繼續 自此以後，你不斷學習

in for two years.

在兩年的時間裡。

So this sentence shows us that you have studied English, and how long you have studied English,

所以這句話說明你學過 英語，以及你學了多久的英語。

lots of information here.

很多資訊在這裡。

Okay, let's talk about the next sentence, a question sentence now.

好了，我們來談談下一句話。 一個疑問句了。

Okay, so here my subject, I have "he," "he" is here, so I know that because the subject

好吧，所以在這裡我的主題，我有 "他"，"他" 是在這裡，所以我知道，因為這個主題

of the sentence is he, I need to begin my question with "has," "has he ______" So here

的句子是他，我需要開始我的。 問題與 "有"，"有他_____"所以在這裡