Name: 【TED】林俊杰:簡單的新血液測試可以早期發現癌症 (簡單的新血液測試可以早期發現癌症｜林俊杰) (【TED】Jimmy Lin: A simple new blood test that can catch cancer early (A simple new blood test that can catch cancer early | Jimmy Lin))
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T07:31:01.000Z
Duration: 12 min 11 s

譯者: Szu-Wen Kung 審譯者: Wilde Luo

Many of us have lost family, friends or loved ones

I know there are some of you in the audience

or who are fighting cancer at this moment.

While this word often conjures up emotions of sadness and anger and fear,

I bring you good news from the front lines of cancer research.

癌症常讓人聯想到 悲傷、憤怒與恐懼。

The fact is, we are starting to win the war on cancer.

讓我由癌症研究前線的角度 向各位報告一個好消息。

我們在抗癌的戰爭中 正開始顯現出勝勢。

of the three of the most exciting developments within cancer research.

我們正處於數個研究的交叉點之中，

也就是在癌症研究中 三項最令人興奮的發展。

of all the genetic information encoded by DNA

In cancers, changes in the DNA called mutations

are what drive these cancers to go out of control.

癌細胞裡面的  DNA 變化稱作突變，

Around 10 years ago, I was part of the team at Johns Hopkins

that first mapped the mutations of cancers.

十年前我是約翰霍普金斯 醫學院的團隊之一。

此團隊率先探測到癌細胞突變。

And since then, there have been over 90 projects in 70 countries

乳癌、胰腺癌和腦癌細胞中進行。

working to understand the genetic basis of these diseases.

Today, tens of thousands of cancers are understood

The second revolution is precision medicine,

能透過精微的分子細節加以了解。

Instead of one-size-fits-all methods to be able to treat cancers,

there is a whole new class of drugs that are able to target cancers

相較於一藥治萬病的癌症治療方式，

現在有一種全新等級的藥物 能依照癌症的基因檔案，

Today, there are a host of these tailor-made drugs,

現在對這樣量身訂做的藥物 有一個專有名詞，

to be able to personalize their therapy for their patients,

能為病人量身訂做適合的治療，

The third exciting revolution is immunotherapy,

Scientists have been able to leverage the immune system

科學家能夠讓免疫系統發揮作用，

For example, there have been ways where we find the off switches of cancer,

and new drugs have been able to turn the immune system back on,

例如我們已找出 許多遏止癌細胞的方法，

In addition, there are ways where you can take away immune cells

train them, engineer them and put them back into the body

然後訓練它們，改變其基因結構後，

Almost sounds like science fiction, doesn't it?

再重新植入體內，以對抗癌症。

While I was a researcher at the National Cancer Institute,

I had the privilege of working with some of the pioneers of this field

當我還是美國 國立癌症研究所的研究員時，

我有幸能與這個領域的先驅共事，

Today, over 600 clinical trials are open,

actively recruiting patients to explore all aspects in immunotherapy.

While these three exciting revolutions are ongoing,

積極地公開招募病患 以探索免疫療法的各個方面。

unfortunately, this is only the beginning,

這三項振奮人心的革新 仍持續進行中，

and there are still many, many challenges.

Here is a patient with a skin cancer called melanoma.

It's horrible; the cancer has gone everywhere.

這名病人罹患名為 「黑素瘤」的皮膚癌。

However, scientists were able to map the mutations of this cancer

and give a specific treatment that targets one of the mutations.

但是科學家探測出癌細胞的突變，

並針對其中一種突變給予特殊治療。

Unfortunately, this is not the end of the story.

A few months later, this picture is taken.

Even a cancer as small as one centimeter in diameter

harbors over a hundred million different cells.

就算癌細胞小到只有一公分的直徑，

there are small differences in these different cancers

that make them differently prone to different drugs.

不同的癌細胞有著微小的差異，

So even if you have a drug that's highly effective,

所以就算有一種超級有效的藥，

there is a chance that there's a small population

So then the question is: What do we do with this information?

所以問題是，對於這樣的資訊 我們能做些甚麼？

is to apply all these exciting advancements in cancer therapy earlier,

加緊腳步將上述的醫療進展 及早應用於癌症治療。

The key to cancer and curing cancer is early detection.

Finding cancer early results in better outcomes,

及早發現癌症 會有較好的治療結果，

For example, in ovarian cancer, if you detect cancer in stage four,

only 17 percent of the women survive at five years.

以卵巢癌來說 若到第四期才偵測到癌細胞，

However, if you are able to detect this cancer as early as stage one,

但是若能在第一期就偵測到癌症，

But the sad fact is, only 15 percent of women are detected at stage one,

有超過 92% 的婦女能存活下來。

whereas the vast majority, 70 percent, are detected in stages three and four.

令人難過的是只有 15% 的婦女 能在第一期偵測到癌症，

We desperately need better detection mechanisms for cancers.

絕大多數約七成的婦女 是在第三、四期才知道罹癌。

The current best ways to screen cancer fall into one of three categories.

我們急需更好的癌症偵測機制。

【TED】林俊杰:簡單的新血液測試可以早期發現癌症 (簡單的新血液測試可以早期發現癌症｜林俊杰) (【TED】Jimmy Lin: A simple new blood test that can catch cancer early (A simple new blood test that can catch cancer early | Jimmy Lin))

字幕列表影片播放

【TED】林俊杰:簡單的新血液測試可以早期發現癌症 (簡單的新血液測試可以早期發現癌症｜林俊杰) (【TED】Jimmy Lin: A simple new blood test that can catch cancer early (A simple new blood test that can catch cancer early | Jimmy Lin))

ultimately

specific

immune

therapy