and accidentally made myself famous.

我拿了一支手機，

(Laughter)

不小心就讓我自己成名了。

I was just talking about the things that I cared about,

（笑聲）

but with the click of a button

我只是在談論我在乎的事情，

and an incendiary viral video

但因為按了個按鈕，

I propelled myself into overnight stardom.

以及一支很煽動的影片 像病毒被傳開，

When I say overnight,

我就讓自己一夜成名了。

I mean I literally woke up the next morning

我說「一夜」，

with so many notifications on my phone,

意思就是隔天早上我起床時，

I thought I slept through a national tragedy.

手機顯示一大堆通知，

(Laughter)

我還以為睡覺時 發生了什麼國家悲劇。

It was the craziest thing, guys,

（笑聲）

but when it came to my influence and my exposure,

各位，這件事真的很瘋狂，

I literally took a quantum leap.

但是它帶給我的影響力和曝光度，

So I made more videos

真的是大躍進。

and the subject matter of my videos

所以我製作了更多影片，

was often the most divisive subject in American life,

我這些影片的主題，

but it was the way that I articulated race

通常是美國生活中最會 引發分歧意見的主題，

that made me somewhat of a digital lightning rod.

但，正是我明確表現種族的方式，

See, being a survivor myself of police brutality

讓我成為了一支數位避雷針。

and having lost a childhood friend,

我自己就是警察暴行下的生還者，

Alonzo Ashley,

且我失去了兒時的朋友

at the hands of the police,

阿隆索·艾希利，

I had a little something to say about the topic.

他死在警察的手上，

You see, this was at the height of the Black Lives Matter furor

對這個話題，我有些話要說。

and people seemed to be turning to me to articulate their viewpoints,

這是「黑人的命也是命」 運動的狂怒高峰，

and honestly, it was sort of overwhelming.

似乎人們會來找我， 來明確表達他們的觀點，

You see, the internet has this interesting quality.

老實說，我有點無法招架。

In one way, it totally brought the world together,

網際網路有種很有趣的特性。

and I remember being a kid

從某方面來看，它讓世界團結，

and all of this utopian propaganda was being dumped on us

我記得我小時候，

about how the World Wide Web

我們被這些幻想的宣傳給淹沒了，

was going to span the reaches of people across the globe.

都是在說網際網路

But as it turns out, people are people.

將如何讓人們能接觸的 範圍擴及到全球。

(Laughter)

但結果發現，人就是人。

And this magical superhighway

（笑聲）

also took the demons of our nature

而這條魔法般的高速公路

and gave them Ferraris.

也把我們天性中的惡魔喚醒，

(Laughter)

還給他們法拉利跑車。

You see, technology, y'all, is a lot like money.

（笑聲）

It just brings out what's already inside you and amplifies it.

科技和金錢很像。

And so I soon became familiar with the phenomenon of the internet troll.

它會把你內在已經存在的 特性帶出來並放大。

These guys seem to live beneath the bridges

很快，我就開始熟悉了 「網路白目」的現象。

of said superhighway --

這些人似乎住在前面提到的

(Laughter)

高速公路的底下……

And they also missed the memo about the enlightenment of the internet age.

（笑聲）

I remember being called

他們也漏掉了 網路啟蒙時代的備忘錄。

highly colorful racial slurs

我還記得我曾被在網路上

by those who use the anonymity of the internet

用非常帶種族歧視的字眼辱罵。

as a Klan hood.

罵我的人利用網路匿名的特性

And some of them were pretty creative, actually,

做出 3K 黨行為。

but others were pretty wounding,

其實有些辱罵還蠻有創意的，

especially navigating the post-traumatic world

但其他的則很傷人，

of a police brutality survivor

特別是在生存者的後創傷世界中，

in the height of Black Lives Matter,

我是「黑人的命也是命」高峰期時

with all of these people being killed on my timeline.

警方暴行之下的生存者，

To these trolls, I wasn't a human.

我的動態時報上 出現了好多被殺害的人。

I was an idea, an object,

對這些白目而言，我不是人類。

a caricature.

我是一個概念、一個物件、

Did I mention that this race stuff can be kind of divisive?

一個諷刺漫畫。

You see, I'm an innately curious person

我有沒有提過，

and as I drew my sword to engage in epic battles in the comment section --

這種種族問題可能會引起分化？

(Laughter)

我天生就很有好奇心，

I also began to notice

當我拔出我的劍 去參加史詩般的評論戰役……

that a few of my trolls actually had brains,

（笑聲）

which made me even more curious and what to understand them even further.

我也開始注意到

And although these supposed morons

攻擊我的白目當中 有幾個其實是有腦的，

engaged in what appeared to be original thought,

這讓我更好奇， 想要進一步了解他們。

I said to myself,

雖然這些應該是白痴的人

"Um, these guys are highly misinformed,

參與了顯然是原創的思想，

at least according to my knowledge."

我告訴我自己：

Where are these guys getting these arguments from?

「呃，這些人被嚴重誤導了，

Like, was there some kind of alternative universe

至少就我所知是如此。」

with alternative facts?

這些人的論點是從哪來的啊？

(Laughter)

比如，是不是有個平行宇宙，

(Applause)

裡面有著平行事實？

Was history and gravity optional over there?

（笑聲）

I don't know.

（掌聲）

But I needed to know. Like, I wanted to know.

在那裡，歷史和引力是不是選修課？

And as it turns out, I had no idea about digital echo chambers.

我不知道。

That same target marketing algorithm

但我需要知道，我想要知道。

that feeds you more of the products you like to buy

結果發現，我完全不懂數位迴聲室。

also feeds you more of the news that you like to hear.

那個用來塞一堆

I had been living in an online universe

你想要買的商品給你的演算法，

that just reflected my worldview back to me.

也會塞給你一堆你想聽的新聞。

So my timeline was pretty liberal.

我一直住在一個線上宇宙中，

I had no Breitbart or Infowars or Fox News.

它只會把我的世界觀反射回來給我。

No, no, I was all MSNBC and The Daily Show,

所以，我的動態時報挺自由派的。

CNN and theGrio, right?

我沒有極右派的 《布賴特巴特新聞網》、

Well, these trolls were hopping the dimensional doorway

《資訊戰》或《福斯新聞頻道》。

and I needed to figure out how.

沒有，我的都是立場中間的 MSNBC 新聞、

(Laughter)

惡搞的《喬恩·史都華每日秀》、

So what I decided to do

CNN、左派新聞 theGrio，對吧？

was trick the Facebook algorithm

而這些白目跳過了次元入口，

into feeding me more news that I didn't necessarily agree with,

而我必須要找出他們如何辦到的。

and this worked fine for a while, but it wasn't enough,

（笑聲）

because my online footprint

所以，我決定要做的是，

already established the patterns that I like to hear.

去騙過臉書的演算法，

So with the anonymity of the internet,

讓它塞給我更多 我不見得認同的新聞，

I went undercover.

這有一陣子還算行得通，但還不夠，

(Laughter)

因為我的網路足跡

I set up this ghost profile and went crazy.

已經建立了我想聽見什麼的模式。

Now, on a practical level, it was very simple,

所以，透過網路的匿名特性，

but on an emotional level, it was kind of daunting,

我去做了臥底。

especially with the racist vitriol that I had experienced.

（笑聲）

But what I didn't realize is that my trolls were inoculating me,

我設定了幽靈帳號，且大搞特搞。

thickening my skin,

就實際面來說，這是很簡單的，

making me immune to viewpoints that I didn't necessarily agree with,

但就情緒面來說，就有點令人怯步，

and so I didn't react to the same things as I would have several months prior.

特別是在我經歷過 種族的辛辣批評之後。

All right? So I pressed on.

但我了解到，攻擊我的白目 是在給我做預防接種，

Noticing that this stuff also worked on YouTube,

讓我的皮膚變厚，

I became Lucius25, white supremacist lurker --

讓我對於我不見得同意的觀點免疫，

(Laughter)

所以我的反應就會 和幾個月之前不同。

And digitally I began to infiltrate the infamous alt-right movement.

所以，我加緊繼續進行下去。

Now, my doppelgänger

我注意到，這種演算法 也有在 YouTube 上運作，

was Edgar Rice Burroughs' John Carter character --

我就變身為 Lucius25， 白人至上主義潛水者……

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

a sci-fi hero who was once a Confederate soldier.

我開始以數位的方式 滲透聲名狼藉的另類右派運動。

And to think, like, years ago, I would have needed acting training

而我的幽靈

and, like, makeup and a fake ID.

是愛德加·萊斯·巴勒斯的 約翰·卡特角色......

Now I could just lurk.

（笑聲）

And so I started

他是個科幻英雄， 曾是南北戰爭時南部邦聯的士兵。

with a little Infowars,

想想看，如果是在數年前， 我還需要受演技訓練、

went on into some American Renaissance,

也要有化妝、假身份證才行得通。

National Vanguard Alliance,

現在我只要網路上潛水就好了。

and, you know, I started commenting on videos,

所以，我一開始

talking bad about Al Sharpton and Black Lives Matter.

試了一點極右派網站《資訊戰》，

I started bemoaning race baiters like Eric Holder and Barack Obama

接著來些白人優越主義媒體 《美國文藝復興》、

and just mirroring the antiblack sentiments

新納粹組織《國家先鋒》網站，

that were thrown at me.

我開始對影片發表評論，

And to be honest, it was kind of exhilarating.

說非裔民權運動家阿爾·夏普頓和 「黑人的命也是命」的壞話。

(Laughter)

我開始酸用種族譁眾取寵的人， 如埃里克·霍爾德和巴拉克·歐巴馬，

Like, I would literally spend days clicking through my new racist profile --

我只是把丟向我的那些反黑人情緒

(Laughter)

給反射回去。

Goofing off at work in Aryan land. It was something else.

老實說，還蠻讓人振奮的。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

And so I then started visiting some of the pages

我有時會花好幾天一直點擊 我的新種族主義者個人檔案──

of my former trolls,

（笑聲）

and a lot of these guys were just regular Joes,

工作時到種族優越的 「雅利安」天地偷懶，

a lot of outdoorsmen, hunters, computer nerds,

真是夠好玩的。

some of them family guys with videos of their families.

（笑聲）

I mean, for all I know, some of y'all could be in this room right now. Right?

接著，我開始造訪一些

(Laughter)

先前留言給我的白目的個人頁面，

But when I went undercover, I found a lovely plethora of characters,

這些人當中有不少 都只是一般老百姓，

luminaries like Milo Yiannopoulos, Richard Spencer and David Duke.

有很多喜愛戶外活動者、 獵人、電腦迷，

All of these guys were thought leaders in their own right,

有些人是有家室的， 有分享家庭的影片。

but over time, the alt-right movement ended up using their information

我的意思是，有些人甚至 有可能就在這間講廳中，對吧？

to fuel their momentum.

（笑聲）

And I'm going to tell you what else led to the momentum of the alt-right:

但，當我去臥底時， 我發現了一幫超可愛的人物，

the left wing's wholesale demonization of everything white and male.

像保守派的米羅·雅諾波魯斯、

If you are a pale-skinned penis-haver, you're in league with Satan.

理查德·斯賓塞、 大衛·杜克等傑出人士。

(Laughter)

這些人本身就都是思想領袖，

Now, would you believe,

但隨著時間，另類右派運動 到頭來利用他們的資訊

would you believe that some people find that offensive?

來激發其氣勢。

And --

我來告訴各位，還有什麼 造成了另類右派的氣勢：

(Laughter)

左翼大規模地把所有白人、 男性的一切都給妖魔化。

And so, I mean, listen,

如果你是白皮膚又有老二的人， 你就是撒旦的同盟。

the fact is that millennials get a lifetime of diet brand history.

（笑聲）

I mean, America seems to be hellbent on filling its textbooks

你是否相信，

with CliffsNotes versions of its dark past.

你是否相信，有些人會覺得 這樣是很冒犯人的？

This severely, severely decontextualizes race and the anger associated with it,

且……

and that is fertile ground for alt-facts to grow.

（笑聲）

Add in the wild landscape of the internet

我的意思是，聽著，

and it's easy to sell rebranded "Mein Kampf" ideas

事實是，千禧世代的人 一生所見的都是簡化歷史。

to a generation who has been failed by public schools.

我的意思是，美國似乎 拼命把教科書裝滿

A lot of these ideas, easily debunked.

CliffsNotes 那種 精簡版的美國黑暗過去。

Alt-facts have that quality.

做了嚴重的去情境化， 將歷史相關的種族及憤怒排除，

However, one theme kept screaming at me through the subtext of those arguments,

那就是另類事實 可以成長的肥沃土地。

and that was,

加上網路如此廣大，

why should I be hated for who I cannot help but be?

很容易就能把希特勒那套 《我的奮鬥》的想法重新包裝，

Now, as a black man in America, that resonated with me.

賣給被公立學校辜負的世代。

I have spent so much time

很多這些想法，很容易被駁斥。

defending myself against attempts to demonize me

另類事實有這樣的特質。

and make me apologize for who I am,

然而，有個主題一直透過 這些論點的弦外之音向我大叫，

trying to portray me as something that I'm not,

那就是，

some kind of thug or gangster, a menace to society.

我無法選擇我的出身， 為什麼我要因此而被痛恨？

Unexpected compassion.

身為在美國的黑人， 我對這點有共鳴。

Wow.

我花了好多時間

Now, listen,

在別人試圖將我妖魔化時 為我自己辯護，

the historical source of the demonization of black males and white males

他們想要我為自己的出身道歉，

is highly different,

他們試圖將我描述成 一個並非我的人，

and where you fall on this argument,

某種混混、幫派份子、 對社會的威脅。

sadly, tends to be an accident of birth.

未預期的同情。

Now, you're probably surprised by this perspective,

哇。

and so was I.

聽著，

Never in a billion years did I think that I could have some kind of compassion

黑人男性和白人男性 被妖魔化的歷史來源

for people who hated my guts.

是非常不同的，

Now, mind you, not enough compassion like I want to be friends.

而決定你是否會落入 這個論點的時間點，

I don't have infinite olive branches to extend to people

很遺憾，通常是你出生時。

who, like, would not want to see me on this planet. Right?

你可能會對這個觀點感到驚訝，

But just enough compassion to understand how they got to where they are.

我本來也是。

And to be honest,

我從來沒有想過，

there were a couple of fair points.

恨我入骨的人會對我表示同情。

One of them was how liberals have this wide acceptance for everybody

請注意，這同情還沒到 讓我想要交朋友的程度。

except for those with honestly held conservative viewpoints.

我並沒有無限的橄欖枝 （象徵和平）來延伸到

(Laughter)

那些不想看見我存在於 地球上的人，對吧？

Heaven forbid you love God, this country and mean it. Right?

但這同情的量剛好足以 讓我願意去了解

And another thing that they talked about was this fear that they had

他們如何走到現在這一步的。

of something that they labeled as "white genocide,"

老實說，

that diversity would be a force that would wipe them out.

有幾點是公平的。

Now listen, I know what it is to fear

其中一點是，自由主義者對於 每個人都有廣大的接受度，

for the fate of your people.

除了那些觀點保守的人。

Between crack, AIDS, gang violence,

（笑聲）

mass incarceration, gentrification, police shootings,

老天，你愛上帝，愛這個國家， 且是真心的。對吧？

black people have more than enough reasons to stay up at night.

他們談論的另一件事是他們的恐懼，

But if nature is into diversity and you are not,

對於他們所謂的 「白色大屠殺」的恐懼，

you're going to lose that fight, buddy.

「多樣性」會是一股力量， 足以將他們剷除。

(Laughter)

聽著，我知道為了 你的族人的命運而感到恐懼

(Applause)

是怎樣的感覺。

You see, nature doesn't care about your race. That's man-made.

在有著古柯鹼、愛滋、幫派暴力、

Nature just cares about healthy organisms,

大規模監禁、中產階級化， 及警方槍擊的世界上，

and your precious ethnic features are expendable to that aim.

黑人在晚上無法入眠是非常合理的。

So the moment that you let go of that racist identity

但如果大自然熱衷於多樣性， 而你卻不熱衷，

and relatch onto humanity,

你就會輸掉這場仗，夥伴。

all your problems go away.

（笑聲）

(Applause)

（掌聲）

I'm going to tell you what race ain't about to die out:

要知道，大自然不在乎你的種族。

the human race.

那是人編造的。

Join the party. The water's great.

大自然只在乎健康有機體，

Until the water gets too hot, but that's another TED Talk.

就這個目的來說，你珍貴的 民族特徵是不重要的。

(Laughter)

所以，當你放下種族主義身份

The point is that to get to this point of understanding,

並與人性重新連結的時候，

you have to let go of that fear

你所有的問題都會消失。

and embrace your curiosity,

（掌聲）

and sadly, too many people will not take that journey

我要告訴各位，什麼種族不會滅絕：

to see the world from the other side.

人類。

And, I mean, let's be honest,

來玩吧！水很棒！

that doesn't just go for progressives,

除非水變得太燙， 但那是另一個 TED 演說了。

but also to the right wing and conservatives.

（笑聲）

You know, as fair as some of their points were,

重點是，若要達到這樣的理解，

they were still trapped in their own echo chambers,

你得要放下那恐懼，

recycling old, outdated points of view,

擁抱你的好奇心，

never getting a diversity in perspective,

可惜的是，太多人不願走這趟旅行，

not making them well-rounded in their worldview.

不願去從另一邊看看這個世界。

So they're not hearing certain anti-racist and political voices,

咱們別自欺欺人，

voices like Tim Wise

並不只有改革派是如此，

and Michelle Alexander, Dr. Joy DeGruy, Boyce Watkins, Tariq Nasheed.

右翼和保守份子亦是如此。

All of these voices have the answers to the questions that they want,

雖然他們的一些觀點是公平的，

but unfortunately they will not hear them due to the power of these echo chambers.

他們仍然被困在 他們自己的迴聲室裡，

We have got to break out of these digital divides,

回收老舊、過時的觀點，

because as our technology advances,

永遠不能得到多樣化的觀點，