air-raid sirens began to ring out in the Japanese city of Nagasaki

日本長崎市的防空警報開始響起。

However a short while later the sirens rang out again

然而不一會兒，警笛聲又響了起來

Indicating that there was no danger and people began to climb out of their shelters to carry on about their daily business

表明沒有危險，人們開始爬出避難所，繼續做日常的工作

Japanese spotters had only cited two us AAF b-29 bombers

日本間諜只提到了兩架美國空軍的B-29轟炸機。

Not enough for an air raid on a major city and presumed, they were merely on a reconnaissance mission.

不夠空襲一座大城市，估計，他們只是在執行偵察任務。

At 1101 hours a single bomb was dropped into the city's industrial area

11時1分，一枚炸彈被投進該市工業區。

the bomb detonated with the equivalent force of 22,000 sticks of TNT

炸彈爆炸的威力相當於22,000根TNT炸藥

Which resulted in a blast so bright that was seen by observers over a hundred miles away.

爆炸的結果是如此明亮，以至於一百多英里外的觀察者都看到了。

the fireball generated temperatures in excess of three thousand nine hundred degrees centigrade and

火球產生的溫度超過了三千九百攝氏度，而且還在不斷地增加。

Generated winds of up to six hundred miles per hour that added to the destruction

產生了高達每小時六百英里的風，加劇了破壞。

exact figures are unclear, but at least

具體數字不詳，但至少

129 thousand people were either killed on the day, or would die in the weeks and even years that followed

12.9萬人要麼在當天被殺，要麼在隨後的幾周甚至幾年內死亡。

six days after this attack

六天後

Japan surrendered to the Allies

日本向盟軍投降

Bringing to a close the most destructive conflict ever recorded

結束了有史以來最具破壞性的衝突。

that ended with the first two and so far only nuclear attacks in history

歷史上唯一的一次核攻擊，以前兩次也是迄今為止唯一的一次核攻擊而告終

It was the Second World War

那是第二次世界大戰

It's impossible to disect the causes of the second world war

第二次世界大戰的原因是無法剖析的

without discussing the rise of the Nazi Party in Germany and its leader, Adolf Hitler

而不討論德國納粹黨的崛起及其領袖阿道夫-希特勒。

Hitler was himself of Austrian birth, but he fought in the German army during the first world war

希特勒本人是奧地利出生，但他在第一次世界大戰期間參加了德國軍隊的戰鬥

When the war ended with Germany's humiliation Hitler felt especially bitter about it

當戰爭以德國的屈辱而結束時，希特勒對此感到特別痛苦

unlike many in Europe he feared communism spreading beyond the borders of

與許多歐洲人不同，他擔心共產主義會蔓延到歐洲以外的地方。

post-revolutionary Russia

革命後的俄羅斯

In 1919 a year after the end of the war he joined a new and little-known political group

戰爭結束一年後的1919年，他加入了一個新的、鮮為人知的政治團體。

called the German Workers Party and used his great ability as a speaker to stir up crowds and gain support a

稱為德國工人黨，並利用他作為一個演講者的強大能力來煽動人群，並獲得支持a

Year later the party was renamed the National Socialist, German Workers Party

年後該黨改名為國家社會主義德國工人黨。

more commonly known by its English abbreviation Nazi

納粹分子

In 1921 Hitler rose to become leader of the party and again using his magnetic personality he continued to garner more and more support

1921年，希特勒上升為黨的領袖，他再次利用自己的磁性人格，不斷獲得更多的支持。

Until 1923 the Nazis were confident enough to attempt a coup in Munich and seize power

直到1923年，納粹有足夠的信心在慕尼黑髮動政變，奪取政權。

Known as the Beer Hall Putsch the effort failed and Hitler was arrested before being put on trial, but this only furthered the Nazi cause

被稱為 "啤酒館政變 "的努力失敗了，希特勒在受審前被逮捕，但這只是進一步推動了納粹的事業。

Hitler used the trial to gain even more supporters and despite him spending a year in prison in which he wrote his autobiography Mein Kampf

希特勒利用這次審判獲得了更多的支持者，儘管他在監獄裡呆了一年，在這一年裡他寫了自傳《我的奮鬥》。

The Nazis continued to establish themselves in German politics

納粹黨繼續在德國政治中確立自己的地位。

Mein Kampf not only outlined his own story, but it also set about establishing his vision for the future of the German people and

我的奮鬥》不僅勾勒出他自己的故事，而且還確立了他對德國人民未來的願景和

how he believed subversive groups were holding them back from achieving their destiny through measures such as the Treaty of Versailles

他認為顛覆集團如何通過《凡爾賽條約》等措施阻礙他們實現自己的命運。

Which outlined Germany's surrender terms

其中概述了德國的投降條件

He specifically identified Jews and communists as being leaders of this great international

他特別指出猶太人和共產黨人是這個偉大的國際組織的領導人。

Conspiracy to keep the German people down after the war

陰謀使德國人民在戰後被打倒。

Highlighting the harsh conditions imposed on the country by the victorious Allies

強調戰勝國盟軍對該國施加的苛刻條件； 4.

Such as the dissolution of Germany's Empire and armed forces

如德意志帝國和武裝力量的解體。

The loss of territory to newly created countries in the East and France in the West and having to pray crippling war reparations

東邊新成立的國家和西邊的法國失去了領土，不得不祈求殘缺的戰爭賠償。

the book effectively became the Nazi Bible

這本書實際上成了納粹的聖經

by

由

1933 the Nazi Party had secured enough political support, but Hitler legally became Chancellor of Germany

1933年納粹黨獲得了足夠的政治支持，但希特勒在法律上成為了德國總理。

He quickly began passing legislation that would transform Germany into Nazi Germany and the swastika would symbolize this

他很快就開始通過立法，將德國變成納粹德國，而 "卍 "字將象徵著這一點。

reinvigorated country

重振國力

the prosecution of Jews Gypsies and political opponents soon became government policy as

對猶太人、吉普賽人和政治反對派的起訴很快就成為政府的政策。

Hitler began preparing Nazi Germany to attain what he saw as his destiny cantered around the concept of the Aryan race

希特勒開始準備讓納粹德國實現他認為的命運，圍繞著雅利安人種的概念展開。

With himself as the undisputed leader the Fuehrer

以他自己為無可爭議的領袖，元首。

History records that the Second World War began in 1939

史料記載，第二次世界大戰開始於1939年。

However some historians now argue that it began in 1931 with the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in China

然而現在有的歷史學家認為，它始於1931年日本對中國滿洲的侵略。

The Japanese deliberately detonated a bomb by Chinese railway line used by Japanese

日本人在中國鐵路旁故意引爆日軍使用的炸彈。

citizens in order to blame it on Chinese dissidents

歸罪於中國異見者。

This was then used as a pretext to invade the country and Japan would occupy the land there until liberated by the Allies in 1945

然後以此為藉口入侵該國，日本將佔領那裡的土地，直到1945年盟軍解放。

Japanese occupation of Chinese territory was extraordinarily harsh

日軍對中國領土的佔領異常慘烈。

Rape and murder were widespread and often encouraged by the Japanese leadership

強姦和謀殺非常普遍，而且經常受到日本領導人的鼓勵。

While at Pingfang in northeast China a military research unit was set up with a special mission

在中國東北平房時，成立了一個軍事研究組織、部門，擔負著特殊的使命。

designated unit 731

指定組織、部門 731

thousands of Chinese civilians were used in nightmarish medical experiments to develop biological and chemical weapons

數以千計的中國平民被用於噩夢般的醫學實驗，以發展生物和化學武器。

As well as carry out experimental surgeries often without anesthesia for fear of corrupting the data

以及進行實驗性手術時往往不需要麻醉，因為害怕破壞數據。

In 1922 Benito Mussolini and his national fascist party rose to power in Italy

1922年，貝尼託-墨索里尼和他的國家法西斯黨在意大利上臺。

Very soon he began reshaping the Democratic political landscape of the country, into a dictatorship counted around himself

很快，他就開始重塑國家的民主政治格局，變成了一個以他自己為中心的獨裁政權。

Mussolini like Hitler in Germany

墨索里尼

Believed his country had a destiny and wanted to build a new Roman Empire

相信自己的國家是有命運的，想建立一個新的羅馬帝國。

beginning with a massive buildup of his armed forces

大興土木

he was not afraid to use them and prove this when he sent his forces into Abyssinia modern-day Ethiopia in

他不懼怕使用它們，並證明了這一點，當他在2009年派兵進入阿比西尼亞（今衣索匹亞）的時候，他就開始使用它們。

1935 to start the construction of his new empire in Africa

1935年，開始在非洲建立他的新帝國。

If Manchuria can be considered the first battle friend of World War two then Abyssinia was the second

如果說滿洲可以算是第二次世界大戰的第一個戰友，那麼阿比西尼亞就是第二個戰友。

As the 1930s grew on Hitler's Nazi Party became firmly embedded

隨著20世紀30年代的發展，希特勒的納粹黨變得根深蒂固。

Not just in German politics but into German society on a whole

不僅僅是在德國政治中，而是進入整個德國社會中

The German people had much to thank the Nazi Party for since they had pulled the country after the disparate feat and reinvigorated it

德國人民要感謝納粹黨，因為他們在異樣的壯舉之後，拉動了國家的發展，使國家重新煥發了活力。

Promising that Germany would soon be attaining its destiny of becoming a great power again

承諾德國將很快實現其再次成為大國的命運。

Hitler's appeal and influence was not lost on foreign observers

希特勒的吸引力和影響力對外國觀察家來說並不陌生

Many of whom admired him and even began to sympathize with the Treaty of Germany after the war

其中很多人都很佩服他，甚至在戰後開始同情德國條約

Proof of this was given when Hitler became Time Magazine's Man of the Year

當希特勒成為《時代》雜誌的年度風雲人物時，就證明了這一點。

This played perfectly into Hitler's hands as he began making notions of regaining lost territory in the east and west of the country

這對希特勒起到了完美的作用，他開始做出收復我國東西部失地的設想。

The first test of how the Allied powers of Britain and France would respond to his new Germany came in 1935

英法聯軍如何應對新德國的第一次考驗是在1935年。

When Hitler introduced military conscription which saw the German armed forces swell many times beyond the number permitted by the Treaty of Versailles

當希特勒實行徵兵制時，德國武裝部隊的人數比《凡爾賽條約》允許的人數膨脹了許多倍。

But the Allies did nothing

但盟軍什麼也沒做

Encouraged by this he then ordered his troops into the Rhineland in 1936

在此鼓勵下，他又於1936年命令部隊進入萊茵地區

the Rhineland had been demilitarized in

萊茵蘭地區已實現非軍事化。

1925

1925

In order to create a safety zone for France

為了給法國建立一個安全區

Who along with Belgium had occupied it for a time due to Germany's inability to pay war reparations

由於德國無力支付戰爭賠款，他和比利時曾一度佔領了它。

Hitler had given secret orders to his men that should they encounter French military resistance

希特勒給他的部下下達了密令 如果他們遇到法國的軍事抵抗

They were to retreat because Germany was still in no condition to fight a war

他們要撤退,因為德國仍然不具備打仗的條件。

Despite protests by France had the Legion of Nations the precursor to modern-day UN again. They did nothing

儘管法國提出抗議，但國際軍團又成了現代聯合國的前身。他們什麼也沒做

In 1937 British Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin stood down and was succeeded by Neville Chamberlain

1937年，英國首相斯坦利-鮑德溫下臺，由內維爾-張伯倫接任。

Meanwhile Germany continued to rearm and now set their sights on reclaiming the German state land

與此同時，德國繼續重整軍備，現在他們的目標是奪回德國國土

Which had been absorbed into Czechoslovakia after the war at

戰後被捷克斯洛伐克吞併，並於2007年12月1日被納入捷克斯洛伐克。

The same time Hitler looked to his own birth country of Austria to become a part of his new Germany

同時希特勒也希望自己的出生國奧地利能成為他新德國的一部分。

Although this was again forbidden by the Versailles Treaty

雖然《凡爾賽條約》再次禁止這樣做。

Austria and Germany had long had an almost symbiotic relationship and both countries people view the other as cousins

長期以來，奧地利和德國幾乎是共生關係，兩國人民都把對方視為表親

Austria even had its own Nazi Party and in January 1938

奧地利甚至有自己的納粹黨，1938年1月。

they attempted their own purge much like Hitler had tried in 1923 the

他們試圖進行自己的清洗，就像希特勒在1923年嘗試的那樣。

purge failed and many leading Austrian Nazis were imprisoned

肅反失敗，許多奧地利納粹頭目被關進了監獄

Hitler's propaganda machine went to work creating a false impression that Austrians were rising up in support of their imprisoned Nazis and

希特勒的宣傳機器開始工作了 製造了一個錯誤的印象，即奧地利人正在起義支持他們被監禁的納粹分子和

so on March the 12th

所以在三月十二日

1938

1938

German troops entered Austrian territory on the pretense of restoring order

德軍以恢復秩序為名進入奧地利境內。

Within weeks the Austrian government was gone, and the country was absorbed into Germany as the province of Ostmark

幾周之內，奧地利政府就消失了，這個國家被吸收到德國，成為奧斯特馬克省。

a vote on joining Germany claims that 99% of the population

在加入德國的投票中，聲稱99%的人口都在投票

Supported the move which was known as Anschluss

支持被稱為Anschluss的行動。

Having secured his home nation under greater Germany

他的祖國在大德國的統治下得到了保障

Hitler declared himself as the advocate of all ethnic Germans in Europe and

希特勒宣稱自己是歐洲所有德意志族人的代言人，並。

primarily of those in sedate inland

主要是內陸沉澱地區的人

making clear his intention to absorb the region into Germany a

清楚地表明他打算將該地區併入德國。

Diplomatic crisis was sparked when just like in Austria a sedate inland Nazi Party rose armed and began demanding autonomy from

就像在奧地利一樣，一個沉穩的內陸納粹黨武裝起來，開始要求自治，引發了外交危機。

Czechoslovakia

捷克斯洛伐克

the Czech government tried to negotiate with the sedating Germans while a series of meetings were held between Germany Britain and France to

捷克政府試圖與鎮靜的德國人進行談判，同時德國、英國和法國之間舉行了一系列會議，以確保捷克政府的安全。

reach an agreement on the crisis

達成危機協議

Culminating in the Munich Agreement, which effectively gave a free hand to Germany's ambitions

最終在慕尼黑協議中，該協議有效地給德國的野心提供了自由之手。

No Czech, representative was present

捷克代表未出席

First Hitler took the Sudetenland and then in January 1939

希特勒先是佔領了蘇臺德地區，然後在1939年1月又佔領了蘇臺德地區

He invaded and captured the rest of Czechoslovakia in his first act of truly open aggression towards a neighbor

他入侵併佔領了捷克斯洛伐克的其餘部分，這是他第一次真正公開侵略一個鄰國的行為。

The conquest of Czechoslovakia raised concerns with the mighty Soviet Union which was in the grip of the paranoid Joseph Stalin

對捷克斯洛伐克的征服引起了強大的蘇聯的關注，它被偏執的約瑟夫-斯大林所控制。

Hitler had written in Mein Kampf that having to fight a war on two fronts was one of the reasons the Kaiser's Germany was defeated

希特勒在《我的奮鬥》中寫道，不得不在兩條戰線上打仗是德皇的德國被打敗的原因之一。

And so having already antagonized London and Paris

所以在已經與倫敦和巴黎對立之後

He was far more careful with Moscow and began a diplomatic effort with the Soviet Union to keep them out of events in the West

他對莫斯科更加小心翼翼，並開始與蘇聯進行外交努力，不讓他們參與西方的事件。

in

在

August 1939

1939年8月

German foreign minister Joachim von Ribbentrop met with his German counterpart

德國外長約阿希姆-馮-裡賓特洛甫會見了德國同行。

Vyacheslav Molotov in Moscow

維亞切斯拉夫-莫洛托夫在莫斯科

Where the two of them effectively divided up Eastern Europe into two on

在那裡，他們兩人有效地將東歐一分為二，在上

The promise that neither would interfere with the other in those areas

承諾雙方都不干涉對方在這些領域的工作；

The Soviet Union had its own interests in Poland and Finland and so was happy to abide by this agreement

蘇聯在波蘭和芬蘭有自己的利益，所以很樂意遵守這個協議。

even though Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union were ideological enemies

儘管納粹德國和蘇聯在意識形態上是敵對的，但是

Despite this period of cooperation many fouled that it wouldn't last

儘管這段時間的合作，許多人都擔心它不會持續下去。

But with Russia at bay Hitler ordered his troops into Poland on September the 1st

但由於俄國被牽制住了，希特勒在9月1日命令他的部隊進入波蘭。

1939

1939

The invasion of Poland was the final straw for Britain and France

入侵波蘭是英法兩國的最後一根稻草

there was no justification for the invasion other than to simply capture territory from a foreign land and

除了簡單地從異國他鄉奪取領土之外，沒有任何入侵的理由。

so Britain and France delivered an ultimatum to Hitler

於是英法兩國向希特勒下達了最後通牒

Withdraw his troops, or there would be war

撤軍，否則就會發生戰爭

The demand was refused and on September the 3rd Neville Chamberlain told the British people they were at war with Germany

這個要求被拒絕了 9月3日,內維爾-張伯倫告訴英國人民,他們正在與德國開戰。

unless we heard from them by

除非我們從他們那裡聽到

11 o'clock

十一點鐘

That they were prepared at once to withdraw their troops from Poland a state of war

他們準備立即從波蘭撤出他們的軍隊，這是戰爭狀態。

Would exist between us I?

我們之間會存在I?

Have to tell you now that no such undertaking has been received and that

現在不得不告訴你，沒有收到這樣的承諾，而且...。

Consequently this country is at war with Germany

是以，這個國家與德國開戰了

Some of Germany's more cautious generals had warned Hitler that the country was not yet ready for a second massive European confrontation

德國的一些比較謹慎的將軍曾警告希特勒，德國還沒有準備好進行第二次大規模的歐洲對峙

Germany's rearmament plans predicted war with Britain and France breaking out in 1945

德國的重整軍備計劃預示著1945年與英國和法國的戰爭將爆發。

By which time they would have their own aircraft carrier large u-boat fleets and powerful tank forces

屆時他們將擁有自己的航空母艦 大型U型潛艇艦隊和強大的坦克部隊。

the generals therefore concocted their blitzkrieg style of war

諸將是以炮製出閃電戰的戰法

Blitzkrieg meant lightning war and called for the widespread use of tanks and aircraft to break through enemy

閃電戰意味著閃電戰，並要求廣泛使用坦克和飛機來突破敵人的防線

Formations to capture a key strategic areas and divide enemy forces up to make them easy to destroy

形成攻佔關鍵戰略區域的陣型，將敵軍分割開來，使其易於被消滅

Above all it was intended to achieve a quick victory rather than a drawn-out war of attrition which Germany could not afford it

最重要的是，它的目的是為了迅速取得勝利，而不是德國無法承受的一場曠日持久的消耗戰。

Was first used in Poland and the Polish army proved totally inadequate for this new form of warfare in

首次在波蘭使用，而事實證明，波蘭軍隊完全不適合這種新形式的戰爭，在波蘭的戰爭中，波蘭軍隊的戰鬥力是很強的。

Less than a month the Polish army was annihilated and the German army the viewmarq

不到一個月，波蘭軍隊就被消滅了，德國軍隊也被消滅了。

Began consolidating their positions in western Poland as the Soviet Union invaded the east of the country on

在蘇聯入侵波蘭東部時，開始鞏固其在波蘭西部的陣地。

September the 17th as von Ribbentrop had agreed to and was something that was all but ignored by Britain and France who?

馮-裡賓特洛甫約定的9月17日，而且是被英法全盤忽略的事情，誰？

concentrated on Germany

集中在德國

Poland ceased to exist as a free country on October the 6th 1939 and

1939年10月6日，波蘭作為一個自由國家不復存在。

Nazi Germany now shared a land border with the Communist Soviet Union

納粹德國現在與蘇聯共產黨的陸地邊界相接。

Britain and Frances declaration of war on Germany sends shockwaves across Europe that were felt politically but appear to do very little ounce

英國和弗蘭西斯對德國宣戰，給整個歐洲帶來了衝擊波，在政治上是有感覺的，但似乎沒有什麼作用

Belgium Holland and Norway joined a chorus of European voices declaring themselves neutral in the fighting

比利時、荷蘭和挪威加入了歐洲的大合唱，宣佈在戰鬥中保持中立。

But in fact this seemed to be very little fighting at all in

但事實上這似乎根本就沒有什麼戰鬥力，在。

Terms of helping defend Poland Britain and France could do very little and instead they prepared for when Hitler would charge West

在幫助保衛波蘭的條件下 英國和法國能做的事情很少 相反,他們為希特勒什麼時候向西邊進攻做了準備。

This was the start of the phoney war a period with both sides seemed to be doing everything

這是一場虛假戰爭的開始 雙方似乎都在做著一切的事情

They would normally do in a war except all-out warfare

他們在戰爭中通常會做的事情，除了全面戰爭之外。

the French mobilized their armed forces and sent them to the border while Britain created the British Expeditionary Force or

法國動員他們的武裝力量，並將其派往邊境，而英國則建立了英國遠征軍，即

BEF to be sent to France to support them

BEF將被派往法國支持他們。

Mirroring how the country went to war in 1914

反映了1914年國家是如何參戰的。

at sea German u-boats and surface Raiders did sink unprotected merchant ships

在海上，德國的U型潛艇和水面突擊隊確實擊沉了沒有保護的商船。

While in the air British aircraft made attacks on German shipping or conducted leaflet drops over the Ruhr region

在空中時，英國飛機對德國航運進行了攻擊，或在魯爾地區上空投放傳單。

During one such leaflet dropping mission on September the 9th a formation of RAF Whitley bombers

在9月9日的一次這樣的傳單投放任務中，英國皇家空軍惠特利轟炸機編隊

Strayed into Belgian airspace and were attacked by Belgian Fighters

誤入比利時領空，遭到比利時戰鬥機的攻擊。

This forced one of them to land and they lost two aircrafts to British defensive fire

這迫使其中一架飛機降落，他們在英國人的防禦火力下損失了兩架飛機。

However in the South Atlantic a drama was about to unfold that would become a naval legend

然而在南大西洋，一場將成為海軍傳奇的戲劇即將上演。

The German pocket battleship Graf Spee was attacking British merchant ships capturing their cruise and then sinking them

德國袖珍戰列艦 "格拉夫-斯佩 "號正在攻擊英國商船 俘虜他們的巡航，然後將其擊沉。

The crews were then put on the Graf Spee support ship the Altmark for returning to Germany

隊員們隨後被送上 "阿爾特馬克 "號支援船，返回德國。

three British cruisers met German ship in the battle and

三艘英軍巡洋艦在戰鬥中與德軍艦艇相遇，並

Managed to inflict enough damage to force the German battleship to put into neutral, Montevideo

給德國戰艦造成了足夠的傷害，迫使其進入中立狀態，蒙得維的亞。

modern-day Uruguay for repairs

現代烏拉圭修理廠

while there the British began flooding local media sources

而在那裡，英國人開始充斥著當地的媒體資源。

That a huge British Armada was assembling to destroy the pocket battleship when it left port

當袖珍戰列艦離開港口時，一支龐大的英國艦隊正在集結，準備摧毀它。

The German captain learned of this and believing the situation was hopeless he scuttled his mighty warship

德國艦長得知後，認為形勢無望，便將其強大的戰艦擊沉了。

in reality there was no Armada, but the deception meant potentially thousands of sailors lives were saved a

實際上並沒有什麼艦隊, 但這個騙局意味著成千上萬的水手的生命被挽救了。

Few weeks later British special forces raided the Altmark and rescued a number of captured merchant crews

幾周後，英國特種部隊突襲了 "阿爾特馬克 "號，解救了一些被俘的商船船員。