字幕列表 影片播放
[ ♪ Intro ]
[介紹]
Whether or not eyes are the windows to the soul... scientifically, pupils are the
眼睛是否是窗戶 靈魂......從科學上講,學生是......的靈魂。
windows of the eyes.
眼睛的窗戶。
And sometimes, those windows are more open than usual, like when you've taken a medication
有時,這些窗戶更開放 比平時更多,就像你吃藥一樣
that causes pupil dilation.
導致瞳孔放大。
Or when people use certain recreational drugs.
或者當人們使用某些娛樂性藥物時。
It all comes down to how different chemicals can cause changes throughout your whole body,
這一切都歸結於不同的化學品 可以引起你全身的變化。
which can affect little muscles in your eyes.
會影響眼睛的小肌肉。
The pupils are openings that let light into the rest of your eye.
瞳孔是開放的,讓光進入 你的眼睛的其餘部分。
And the colored part of your eye, the iris, controls how much light makes it in.
還有你眼睛的彩色部分,虹膜。 控制光線進入的程度。
The balance of two muscle groups in the iris changes how big your pupils are, like a camera aperture.
虹膜中兩組肌肉的平衡性。 改變你的瞳孔有多大,就像相機的光圈一樣。
The iris dilator is arranged like bicycle spokes around the center of your eye.
虹膜擴張器像自行車一樣排列。 輻條圍繞著你的眼睛中心。
And when it contracts, it pulls your pupils open wider.
當它收縮時,它會拉動你的瞳孔。 開得更大。
The iris sphincter, on the other hand, is in a ring around your pupil and acts like
虹膜括約肌則是。 在你的瞳孔周圍形成一個環形,就像在你的瞳孔周圍形成一個環形,就像在你的瞳孔周圍形成一個環形,就像在你的瞳孔周圍形成一個環形,就像在你的瞳孔周圍形成一個環形,就像在你的瞳孔周圍形成一個環形,就像在你的瞳孔周圍形成一個環形,就像在你的瞳孔周圍形成一個環形,就像在你的瞳孔周圍形成一個環形,就像在你的瞳孔周圍形成一個環形,就像在你的瞳孔周圍形成一個環形,就像在你的瞳孔周圍形成一個環形,就像在你的瞳孔周圍形成一個環形,就像在你的瞳孔周圍形成一個環形,就像在你的瞳孔周圍形成一個環形,就像在你的瞳孔周
most of the sphincter muscles in your body.
你身體裡大部分的括約肌。
It constricts your pupils down to little dots.
它把你的瞳孔收縮成小點。
So now you know that you've got a sphincter in your eye.
現在你知道你有括約肌了吧? 在你的眼裡。
That's just a fact for you.
這只是你的一個事實。
Anything that blocks or stimulates either muscle can knock that balance out of whack
任何阻擋或刺激以下兩種情況的東西 肌肉會使平衡失調
and cause some really noticeable changes.
並引起一些真正明顯的變化。
For example, drugs that block receptors for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine can cause
例如,阻斷以下藥物受體的藥物。 神經遞質乙酰膽鹼可導致。
impressive dilation.
令人印象深刻的擴張。
These medications are designed to inhibit the parasympathetic nervous system, which
這些藥物是為了抑制 副交感神經系統。
controls the involuntary muscle contractions that keep things moving in your body, like
控制肌肉的不自主收縮 讓你身體裡的東西移動,比如
your lungs, or the plumbing that gets rid of waste.
你的肺部,或管道,以消除。 浪費的。
This system also controls the iris sphincter muscle.
該系統還控制虹膜括約肌。 肌肉。
So when it's inhibited, the iris sphincter can't counteract the pull from the iris
所以當它被抑制時,虹膜括約肌 敵不過虹膜的拉力
dilator — and you get wide open, 'blown out' pupils.
擴張器--你會得到寬闊的空間,"吹"。 出 "學生。
Some drugs, like ones for overactive bladders or excessive sweating, target the entire parasympathetic
一些藥物,如治療膀胱過度活躍的藥物。 或出汗過多,針對整個副交感系統的
nervous system.
神經系統。
They often have dilated pupils or blurry vision as side effects, but those aren't the goal.
他們經常會出現瞳孔放大或視線模糊的情況。 作為副作用,但這些都不是目標。
Others, like the drops used to dilate pupils for eye exams, are more targeted and don't
其他的,比如用來擴大瞳孔的藥水。 為眼部檢查,更有針對性,不。
throw your whole body off.
把你的整個身體拋開。
Now, other drugs can stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, responsible for your body's
現在,其他藥物可以刺激交感神經 神經系統,負責你身體的
'fight-or-flight' response.
'非戰即逃'的反應。
And these too can cause dilation.
而這些也會引起擴張。
Take adrenaline, which floods your bloodstream when you're scared but is also a medication
腎上腺素,充斥著你的血液。 當你害怕的時候,但也是一種藥物。
for extreme allergic reactions — it's what's in the EpiPen.
極端過敏反應--它是。 什麼是在EpiPen。
Adrenaline can bind to nerve receptors connected to the iris dilator, making it contract and
腎上腺素可以與神經受體結合,連接到。 虹膜擴張器,使其收縮和。
pull your pupils open wide.
拉大你的瞳孔。
If people use drugs like cocaine, amphetamines, or even weed, their brains have more dopamine
如果人們使用可卡因、安非他命等毒品。 甚至是大麻,他們的大腦中有更多的多巴胺。
and norepinephrine floating around.
和去甲腎上腺素浮動。
Usually, either extra neurotransmitters get released, or receptors that naturally suck
通常情況下,要麼額外的神經遞質得到了 釋放的受體,或自然吸吮的受體。
them away get blocked by those drugs.
他們走了得到這些藥物的阻擋。
These chemicals are involved in the “high” feeling but also cause dilated pupils.
這些化學品參與 "高"。 感,但也會引起瞳孔放大。
Scientists think that dopamine makes certain nerve cells release more norepinephrine, which
科學家認為,多巴胺使某些 神經細胞釋放出更多的去甲腎上腺素,而這
works like adrenaline to make the iris dilator contract.
就像腎上腺素一樣,使虹膜擴張器發揮作用 契約。
So wide pupils can be caused by a lot of things.
所以,瞳孔寬大可能是由很多原因造成的。
But they're a hint that certain chemicals — illicit or not — are bubbling through
但它們是一種暗示,某些化學品 - 違法或不違法----------------------冒出
your body.
你的身體。
Thanks to our Patreon patrons for asking us great questions like this!
感謝我們的Patreon贊助人對我們的要求。 這樣的好問題
If you want to support us and send us questions, and get some other cool stuff you can go to
如果你想支持我們,給我們發問題。 並得到一些其他很酷的東西,你可以去。
patreon.com/scishow.
patreon.com/scishow。
And if you want to learn more about human eyes, check out our video where I explain
如果你想了解更多關於人類 眼睛,查看我們的視頻,在那裡我解釋
what those pesky little eye floaters actually are.
那些討厭的小眼浮子到底是什麼 是:
[ ♪ Outro ]
[ ? 其他 ]