Name: 【TED】胡安-恩裡克斯：我們可以重新規劃生活。如何明智地做到這一點（We can reprogram life. How to do it wisely | Juan Enriquez）。 (【TED】Juan Enriquez: We can reprogram life. How to do it wisely (We can reprogram life. How to do it wisely | Juan Enriquez))
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T07:29:46.000Z
Duration: 14 min 50 s

So, there's an actor called Dustin Hoffman.

And years ago, he made this movie which some of you may have heard of,

有一位演員叫做達斯汀．霍夫曼。

多年前，他拍過一部電影， 你們可能有人聽過，

And there's two key scenes in that movie.

I'm not going to talk about that tonight.

The second scene is where he's taken out by the old guy to the pool,

and as a young college graduate, the old guy basically says one word,

第二個場景是， 他被一個長者帶到泳池邊，

那長者對這年輕的大學畢業生 基本上只說了一個字，

And of course, all of you know what that word is.

And the only problem with that is, it was completely the wrong advice.

那件事唯一的問題就是， 它根本是個錯誤的建議。

And the reason it should have been silicon

is because the basic patents for semiconductors had already been made,

當時半導體技術剛被研發出來，

So Silicon Valley was just being built in 1967,

And the year after the movie was released,

So had the graduate heard the right one word,

maybe he would have ended up onstage -- oh, I don't know --

那畢業生當年要是聽到了對的字，

也許今天在台上的就是他， 搞不好……

［史蒂夫．賈伯斯和比爾．蓋茲］ （笑聲）

let's see what bit of advice we might want to give

so that your next graduate doesn't become a Tupperware salesman.

讓我們順便想想該給什麼建議，

好讓未來的畢業生 不會變成特百惠的業務員。

So in 2015, what word of advice would you give people,

when you took a college graduate out by the pool

在 2015 年，當你把一位大學 畢業生叫到泳池邊的時候，

Lifecode is the various ways we have of programming life.

它代表我們能用來 設計生命的各種途徑。

or plants or animals, or a whole series of creatures.

And as you're thinking about this incredible ability

植物、動物或各種各樣的生物。

is taking what we've been doing for thousands of years,

其實是幾千年來， 我們一直在做的事，

This humble mustard weed has been modified

so that if you change it in one way, you get broccoli.

這個不起眼的野生甘藍已被改造：

And if you change it in a second way, you get kale.

用第一種方式改造它， 你會得到青花菜；

用第二種方式，你會得到羽衣甘藍；

So when you go to these all-natural, organic markets,

所以，當你走進這些 純天然有機蔬果市場時，

where people have been changing the lifecode of plants for a long time.

是個植物生命已被 長時間改造的地方。

to pick a completely politically neutral term --

We're beginning to practice intelligent design.

That means that instead of doing this at random

and seeing what happens over generations,

we're inserting specific genes, we're inserting specific proteins,

and we're changing lifecode for very deliberate purposes.

我們插入特定的基因， 插入特定的蛋白質，

And that allows us to accelerate how this stuff happens.

開始非常刻意、 有目的性地改造生命。

這讓我們能夠加速變化的發生。

Some of you occasionally might think about sex.

And we kind of take it for granted how we've changed sex.

「性行為」可能偶爾會略過你的腦海。

So we think it's perfectly normal and natural to change it.

我們視如今性事的樣貌為理所當然，

性行為搭配避孕藥，就沒有寶寶了。

And again, we think that's perfectly normal and natural,

but that has not been the case for most of human history.

但在大部分的人類史上並非如此。

And as you're thinking of the consequences of that,

that's a little bit more advanced, like art.

Not in the sense of painting and sculpture,

but in the sense of assisted reproductive technologies.

不是繪畫、雕刻那種藝術（art），

So what are assisted reproductive technologies?

ART 是「輔助生殖技術」的縮寫。

Assisted reproductive technologies are things like in vitro fertilization.

And when you do in vitro fertilization, there's very good reasons to do it.

「輔助生殖技術」包含了體外受精。

Sometimes you just can't conceive otherwise.

有時候，你就是無法 用其他方法受孕。

what you're doing is separating sex, conception, baby.

So you haven't just taken control of when you have a baby,

你就把性、受孕、寶寶 彼此分開來了。

you've separated when the baby and where the baby is fertilized.

所以，你不僅控制了 什麼時候有寶寶，

還控制了寶寶在何時、何地受精。

【TED】胡安-恩裡克斯：我們可以重新規劃生活。如何明智地做到這一點（We can reprogram life. How to do it wisely | Juan Enriquez）。 (【TED】Juan Enriquez: We can reprogram life. How to do it wisely (We can reprogram life. How to do it wisely | Juan Enriquez))