Name: 【TED】艾迪-卡塔亞:我的冰川洞穴發現（Eddy Cartaya：我的冰川洞穴發現）。 (【TED】Eddy Cartaya: My glacier cave discoveries (Eddy Cartaya: My glacier cave discoveries))
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T07:29:17.000Z
Duration: 8 min 3 s

So how many of you have ever been in a cave before?

譯者: Samson Zhong 審譯者: Jen-Huei Wu

When you think of a cave, most of you think

most of your caves are made of limestone.

Back where I'm from, most of our  caves are made of lava rock,

because we have a lot of volcanoes out there.

但在我的故鄉，則是熔岩穴為主

But the caves I want to share  with you today are made

completely of ice, specifically glacier ice

that's formed in the side of the tallest mountain

in the state of Oregon, called Mount Hood.

由奥勒岡州最高峰胡德山(Mount Hood)

Now Mount Hood's only  one hour's drive from Portland,

此山舆奧勒岡州最大城波特蘭(Portland)

Now the most exciting thing for a cave explorer

and be the first human to ever go into it.

The second most exciting thing for a cave explorer

is to be the first one to make a map of a cave.

Now these days, with so many people hiking around,

發現3處新洞穴時，我們有多興奮

and realize that they had never been explored

洞穴地點就在波特蘭最大城市的視野内

而且當時尙未有人對這些洞穴進行探查

because we were getting to see things and go places

that no one had ever seen or gone to before.

Well, those of you who have ever seen or touched snow,

because it's just a bunch of tiny ice crystals clumped together, and it's mostly air.

If you squish a handful of snow to make a snowball,

因雪由許多小冰晶聚合而成且大多是氣體

Well, on a mountain like Hood, where it snows

and gradually forms it into hard blue ice.

Now each year, more and more ice stacks up on top of it,

that it starts to slide down the mountain

When ice packed like that starts to move,

形成一條流速緩慢的由冰構成的河

we call it a glacier, and we give it a name.

The name of the glacier these caves are formed in

我們稱之為冰河，我們也為它取名字

Now each year, as new snow lands on the glacier,

and it forms little rivers of water on the flow along the ice,

and they start to melt and bore their way down through the glacier,

sometimes going all the way down to the underlying bedrock.

Different waterfalls pop up or move around

and melts the ceilings back taller and taller.

But the weirdest thing about glacier caves

because it's formed inside a block of ice

這是布倫特.馬格力格（Brent McGregor）

He and I have both been exploring caves a long time

and we've been climbing mountains a long time,

but neither one of us had ever really explored a glacier cave before.

不過當時我們都缺乏 冰河洞穴的探險經驗

of a couple of hikers that stumbled across the entrance to one of these caves.

一群登山者意外發現冰河洞穴的影片

and all we knew was that it was somewhere

So in July of that year, we went out on the glacier,

so that we could tie off ropes and rappel down into the hole.

This is me looking into the entrance crevasse.

At the end of this hole, we found a huge tunnel

underneath thousands of tons of glacier ice.

We followed this cave back for about a half mile

當時我們沿著洞穴往內走半英里

and then with the help of our survey tools

we made a three-dimensional map of the cave

Well, cave maps aren't like trail maps or road maps

because they have pits and holes  going to overlapping levels.

有別於登山路徑或道路地圖，洞穴地圖

survey stations every few feet inside the cave,

and you use a laser to measure the distance between those stations.

Then you use a compass and an inclinometer