I am the only architect in the world

大家好！我是一個建築師。

making buildings out of paper like this cardboard tube,

我也是世界上唯一用這樣的紙管

and this exhibition is the first one I did

來作建築的建築師，

using paper tubes.

這是我第一個

1986, much, much longer before people started talking

用紙管做的展覽。

about ecological issues and environmental issues,

1986年，當年還沒有很多人在討論

I just started testing the paper tube

有關生態與環境的議題的時候，

in order to use this as a building structure.

我就開始測試，

It's very complicated to test the new material for the building,

用紙管來作建築架構。

but this is much stronger than I expected,

嘗試用新的物料去做建築 是一件很複雜的事情，

and also it's very easy to waterproof,

不過這比我想像中堅固，

and also, because it's industrial material,

而且它非常防水，

it's also possible to fireproof.

因為它是工業用的物料，

Then I built the temporary structure, 1990.

它又能防火。

This is the first temporary building made out of paper.

1990 年，我建造了一個臨時的建構。

There are 330 tubes, diameter 55 [centimeters],

這是第一個用紙建造出來的臨時建築。

there are only 12 tubes with a diameter

那裡用了 330 支直徑 55（公分）的紙管，

of 120 centimeters, or four feet, wide.

還有 12 支 120 公分直徑，

As you see it in the photo, inside is the toilet.

大約是四尺寬的管子。

In case you're finished with toilet paper,

就像你所看到的這一張照片，裡面是一間厠所。

you can tear off the inside of the wall. (Laughter)

假設你用完了衛生紙，

So it's very useful.

你可以就在裡面撕來用。（笑聲）

Year 2000, there was a big expo in Germany.

看，它實在是非常實用。

I was asked to design the building,

2000 年，德國有一個大型的博覽會。

because the theme of the expo was environmental issues.

我應邀去設計建築，

So I was chosen to build the pavilion out of paper tubes,

因為那個博展會的主題是環境議題。

recyclable paper.

所以我選擇建造一所紙管築成的展示館，

My goal of the design is not when it's completed.

用的是循環再用紙。

My goal was when the building was demolished,

我設計的目的不是在於將它完成。

because each country makes a lot of pavilions

而是在建築被拆的時候，

but after half a year, we create a lot of industrial waste,

因為每一個國家都會建造許多的展示館

so my building has to be reused or recycled.

但是半年之後，那都將會成為一大堆工業廢料，

After, the building was recycled.

所以我的建築一定要是 可以翻用或者循環再用的。

So that was the goal of my design.

往後，建築被循環再用了。

Then I was very lucky to win the competition

這就是我做設計的原意。

to build the second Pompidou Center in France

當年，我幸運地贏了比賽

in the city of Metz.

在法國的梅思城 (Metz)，

Because I was so poor,

建築了第二個龐畢度中心。

I wanted to rent an office in Paris,

因為我當時很窮，

but I couldn't afford it,

但我又想在巴黎有一個辦公室，

so I decided to bring my students to Paris

可是我負擔不來，

to build our office on top of the Pompidou Center in Paris

所以我決定帶我的學生到巴黎，

by ourselves.

在巴黎的龐畢度中心的頂層

So we brought the paper tubes and the wooden joints

建立起我的辦公室。

to complete the 35-meter-long office.

因此我們帶了一些紙管和木結合

We stayed there for six years without paying any rent.

完成了我們 35 米長的辦公室。

(Laughter) (Applause)

我們在那裡待了六年，不用付任何的房租。

Thank you. I had one big problem.

（笑聲）（掌聲）

Because we were part of the exhibition,

謝謝。可是，我還是有一個大難題。

even if my friend wanted to see me, they had to buy a ticket to see me.

因為，我們也是展覽的一部分，

That was the problem.

所以我的朋友要是來看我， 她／他們都需要買票。

Then I completed the Pompidou Center in Metz.

這可真是一個難題。

It's a very popular museum now,

當我完成了梅思的龐畢度中心。

and I created a big monument for the government.

它現在已經是一所出名的博物館，

But then I was very disappointed

而且我還為政府設計一所龐大的紀念館。

at my profession as an architect,

可是當時我感到非常失望

because we are not helping, we are not working for society,

因為我作為一位專業的建築師

but we are working for privileged people,

卻沒有為社會作出什麼貢獻，

rich people, government, developers.

我們都在為特權的人士服務，

They have money and power.

那些富人，政府及發展商們。

Those are invisible.

他們有錢又有勢力。

So they hire us to visualize their power and money

可那些都是不易被看見的。

by making monumental architecture.

於是，他們聘請我們 來建立紀念館式的建築

That is our profession, even historically it's the same,

去展視他們的財富與權力。

even now we are doing the same.

這就是我們的專業， 儘管在過去的歷史發展中，它還是一樣，

So I was very disappointed that we are not working for society,

直到現在，我們依然做著同樣的事情。

even though there are so many people

我為了我們不曾為社會做事情而失望，

who lost their houses by natural disasters.

儘管世界上有那麼多人

But I must say they are no longer natural disasters.

因為天災而痛失家園。

For example, earthquakes never kill people,

我一定要說的是，沒有天然災害。

but collapse of the buildings kill people.

舉個例子，地震永遠不會殺人，

That's the responsibility of architects.

可是倒塌的建築物卻殺了人。

Then people need some temporary housing,

這實在是建築師的責任。

but there are no architects working there

當人們需要一些臨時房屋，

because we are too busy working for privileged people.

卻沒有建築師為了她／他們工作，

So I thought, even as architects,

我們都在忙著為特權人士服務。

we can be involved in the reconstruction of temporary housing.

我想，建築師們其實也

We can make it better.

可以加入參與重建臨時房屋的行列，

So that is why I started working in disaster areas.

把它做的更好。

1994, there was a big disaster in Rwanda, Africa.

這是為什麼我開始在災區工作。

Two tribes, Hutu and Tutsi, fought each other.

1994 年，在非洲的盧旺達有一場大災難。

Over two million people became refugees.

兩個部族：胡圖和圖西族互相屠殺。

But I was so surprised to see the shelter, refugee camp

有超過兩百萬人因此成為難民。

organized by the U.N.

可是，當我看見那些由聯合國管理的

They're so poor, and they are freezing

庇護中心和難民營的時候，

with blankets during the rainy season,

看見那些難民多可憐， 她／他們都快要冷得結冰了，

In the shelters built by the U.N.,

在雨季裡，她／他們只有包著毛毯，

they were just providing a plastic sheet,

在聯合國的庇護中心內，

and the refugees had to cut the trees, and just like this.

她／他們只有塑料的墊子，

But over two million people cut trees.

難民需要去砍樹，就像這樣。

It just became big, heavy deforestation

不過，當超過兩百萬的人在砍樹，

and an environmental problem.

那將會變成一場很嚴重的滅林和

That is why they started providing aluminum pipes, aluminum barracks.

帶來很多環境問題。

Very expensive, they throw them out for money,

這是為什麼他們開始供應 (不清潔的）管子和兵營。

then cutting trees again.

那是非常昂貴的，於是他們又停了發款，

So I proposed my idea to improve the situation

於是，難民們又開始砍樹。

using these recycled paper tubes

我提出我的構思去改善這個情況，

because this is so cheap and also so strong,

建議他們用循環再用的紙管

but my budget is only 50 U.S. dollars per unit.

因為這是很平宜而又堅韌的物料，

We built 50 units to do that as a monitoring test

在我的預算裡，一個單位只需要 50 美金。

for the durability and moisture and termites, so on.

我們建造了 50 個單位來作耐用、濕度及白蟻...

And then, year afterward, 1995, in Kobe, Japan,

等等的監控測試。

we had a big earthquake.

1995 年，在日本的神戶，

Nearly 7,000 people were killed,

我們又發生一場很嚴重的地震。

and the city like this Nagata district,

接近 7000 人遇難，

all the city was burned in a fire after the earthquake.

整個城市像這個長田區，

And also I found out there's many Vietnamese refugees

在地震之後，整個城市都在大火之中。

suffering and gathering at a Catholic church --

同時，我發現那裡有很多越南難民

all the building was totally destroyed.

在一所天主教教堂裡聚集

So I went there and also I proposed to the priests,

所有的建築物都已經完全被摧毀。

"Why don't we rebuild the church out of paper tubes?"

我到了那裡，向神父提出建議，

And he said, "Oh God, are you crazy?

“為什麼我們不用紙管來重建教堂？”

After a fire, what are you proposing?"

可是他說：“哦，上帝喔，你是不是精神有問題？

So he never trusted me, but I didn't give up.

經過一場大火之後，你還要提出這個嗎？“

I started commuting to Kobe,

他沒有相信我，可是我沒有放棄。

and I met the society of Vietnamese people.

我開始在神戶把社區聯繫起來，

They were living like this with very poor plastic sheets

我去見了越南社團的人。

in the park.

他們就是這樣依靠塑料的墊子

So I proposed to rebuild. I raised -- did fundraising.

在公園裡面生活。

I made a paper tube shelter for them,

我跟他們建議重建。 我去籌款，而且籌到了錢。

and in order to make it easy to be built by students

幫他們用紙管建立起了庇護中心，

and also easy to demolish,

這個讓學生們很容易的把它建立起來，

I used beer crates as a foundation.

也能輕易的拆除，

I asked the Kirin beer company to propose,

我用啤酒的板條箱做地基。

because at that time, the Asahi beer company

我問了 Kirin 啤酒公司

made their plastic beer crates red,

因為那個時候，Asahi 啤酒公司

which doesn't go with the color of the paper tubes.

已經開始用紅色的塑料啤酒板條箱，

The color coordination is very important.

這個跟紙筒的顏色不配。

And also I still remember, we were expecting

要知道喔，顏色的配合是非常重要的。

to have a beer inside the plastic beer crate,

我還是記得，我們會期待

but it came empty. (Laughter)

在啤酒板條箱裡會找到剩下來的啤酒，

So I remember it was so disappointing.

可是，它總是空空的。（笑聲）

So during the summer with my students,

那曾經是多麼令人沮喪的！

we built over 50 units of the shelters.

在夏天，我跟學生們在一起，

Finally the priest, finally he trusted me to rebuild.

我們建成了超過 50 個庇護中心單位。

He said, "As long as you collect money by yourself,

最後，神父終於相信我們，讓我們進行重建。

bring your students to build, you can do it."

他說：“當你籌到需要的錢，

So we spent five weeks rebuilding the church.

你和你的學生就去開始吧。”

It was meant to stay there for three years,

我們花了五個星期去重建教會。

but actually it stayed there 10 years because people loved it.

那本來說好是用三年的，

Then, in Taiwan, they had a big earthquake,

但實際上，它已經 被用上了十年，人們都很喜歡。

and we proposed to donate this church,

後來台灣發生了一場嚴重的地震，

so we dismantled them,

我們建議捐出這所教會，

we sent them over to be built by volunteer people.

所以我們把它拆卸了，

It stayed there in Taiwan as a permanent church even now.

送往台灣，再由志願人士把它建立起來。

So this building became a permanent building.

至今，它在台灣已經成為了一所永久的教會。

Then I wonder, what is a permanent and what is a temporary building?

這些建築成為了永久的建築。

Even a building made in paper

然而，我卻開始疑惑， 到底什麼建築是永久的，什麼是臨時的呢？

can be permanent as long as people love it.

一座建築儘管是紙做的，可是

Even a concrete building can be very temporary

只要人們喜歡，它就可以成為永久的。

if that is made to make money.

而一座為了賺錢而建立的堅固的建築，

In 1999, in Turkey, the big earthquake,

它也可以是臨時的。

I went there to use the local material to build a shelter.

1999 年， 在土耳其有一場大地震，

2001, in West India, I built also a shelter.

我到了那裡，用了當地的物料去建庇護中心。

In 2004, in Sri Lanka, after the Sumatra earthquake

2001 年，在西印度， 我也建了另一所。

and tsunami, I rebuilt Islamic fishermen's villages.

2004 年，在斯里蘭卡發生蘇門答臘地震，

And in 2008, in Chengdu, Sichuan area in China,

還有海嘯之後，我建立了一條伊斯蘭漁民的鄉村。

nearly 70,000 people were killed,

2008 年，在中國四川的成都，

and also especially many of the schools were destroyed

接近 70,000 人（在地震中）死亡，

because of the corruption between the authority and the contractor.

當中有很多人是因為 當地官商勾結的問題學校

I was asked to rebuild the temporary church.

倒塌而死亡。

I brought my Japanese students to work with the Chinese students.

我被要求去重建臨時的教會。

In one month, we completed nine classrooms,

我帶了我的日本學生去跟中國學生們一起工作。

over 500 square meters.

在一個月內，我們就完成了九個

It's still used, even after the current earthquake in China.

超過 500 平房米的課室。

In 2009, in Italy, L'Aquila, also they had a big earthquake.

縱使在最近中國發生的地震過後， 它們還在被使用著。

And this is a very interesting photo:

2009 年，在義大利拉魁拉也發生了一場大地震。

former Prime Minister Berlusconi

這是一張很有趣的照片：

and Japanese former former former former Prime Minister Mr. Aso --

（義大利的）前總理貝盧斯科尼和

you know, because we have to change the prime minister ever year.

日本的前前前前首相麻生太郎

And they are very kind, affording my model.

你知道嗎，我們是必須在每年都更換首相的。

I proposed a big rebuilding, a temporary music hall,

他們都很善良，接受我的模型。

because L'Aquila is very famous for music

我建議了一項大型的重建， 一個臨時的音樂廳，

and all the concert halls were destroyed,

因為拉魁拉是一個音樂很出名的地方

so musicians were moving out.

但是，所有的表演廳都被毀了，

So I proposed to the mayor,

音樂師們只能遷出。

I'd like to rebuild the temporary auditorium.

所以，我向市長建議，

He said, "As long as you bring your money, you can do it."

我希望可以重建一所臨時的會堂。

And I was very lucky.

他說：“當你籌到所需要的錢，你就開始吧。”

Mr. Berlusconi brought G8 summit,

我當時很幸運。

and our former prime minister came,

貝盧斯科尼在帶領了 G8 峰會，

so they helped us to collect money,

和我們的前首相來，

and I got half a million euros from the Japanese government

他們幫忙我們籌款，

to rebuild this temporary auditorium.

而我又從日本政府處帶來了 50 萬歐元

Year 2010 in Haiti, there was a big earthquake,

去重建這一所臨時會堂。

but it's impossible to fly over,

2010 年，在海地有一場大地震，

so I went to Santo Domingo, next-door country,

那時候，我們根本沒辦法坐飛機過去，

to drive six hours to get to Haiti

只有從隔壁的國家聖多明哥，

with the local students in Santo Domingo

開了六個小時的車到了海地，

to build 50 units of shelter out of local paper tubes.

跟當地的學生在聖多明哥

This is what happened in Japan two years ago, in northern Japan.

用紙管建造出 50 個庇護中心單位。

After the earthquake and tsunami,

這是兩年前，在日本北部發生的。

people had to be evacuated in a big room like a gymnasium.

在地震和海嘯之後，

But look at this. There's no privacy.

人們需要遷到一個大的空間，像體育館。

People suffer mentally and physically.

可是，請看看這一張，他們完全沒有隱私。

So we went there to build partitions

人們是同時承受著肉體和精神上的創傷。

with all the student volunteers with paper tubes,

所以，我們在那裡跟所有的志願學生

just a very simple shelter out of the tube frame and the curtain.

用紙管建立起屏風，

However, some of the facility authority

只是用框架架起地毯， 就能變成了簡單的庇護所。

doesn't want us to do it, because, they said,

無奈，一些設施管理層

simply, it's become more difficult to control them.

不想我們這樣做，因為，他們說，

But it's really necessary to do it.

簡單來說，那讓他們變得更難去控制管理。

They don't have enough flat area to build

可是，當時真的有這樣做的需要。

standard government single-story housing like this one.

因為他們沒有足夠的空間去

Look at this. Even civil government is doing

建立像這樣的政府標準單層房子。

such poor construction of the temporary housing,

看這一張，地區政府正在建造

so dense and so messy because there is no storage, nothing, water is leaking,

一些結構很差的臨時住房，

so I thought, we have to make multi-story building

那裡沒有儲物處...漏水，太密集和混雜的，

because there's no land and also it's not very comfortable.

因為現場的地方不足又不是很舒適，

So I proposed to the mayor while I was making partitions.

我想我們必須去建立多層建築，

Finally I met a very nice mayor in Onagawa village

於是，當我在做屏風的時候， 我就把建議告訴市長。

in Miyagi.

最終，我在宮城縣的女川

He asked me to build three-story housing on baseball [fields].

遇上了一位很好商量的市長。

I used the shipping container

他讓我在籃球場上建立起三層高的房屋。

and also the students helped us to make

我用了貨櫃箱

all the building furniture

還有，學生幫我們完成了

to make them comfortable,

所有的建築及準備傢俬

within the budget of the government

讓房子不僅能夠在政府提供的預算內完工，

but also the area of the house is exactly the same,

還變得更舒適。

but much more comfortable.

那是跟區內其他房子一模一樣，

Many of the people want to stay here forever.

而同時又更舒適的。

I was very happy to hear that.

很多人說想永遠的住下去。

Now I am working in New Zealand, Christchurch.

我很興奮聽到這樣的話。

About 20 days before the Japanese earthquake happened,

現在，我正在新西蘭的基督城裡工作。

also they had a big earthquake,

大約就在日本地震發生前 20 天，

and many Japanese students were also killed,

那裡也發生了一場大地震，

and the most important cathedral of the city,

有許多的日本學生在當中遇難，

the symbol of Christchurch, was totally destroyed.

城裡最重要的天主教堂，

And I was asked to come to rebuild the temporary cathedral.

基督城的象徵也都被徹底的毀滅了。

So this is under construction.

我被叫來重建一所臨時的天主教堂。

And I'd like to keep building monuments

這個還在建築當中。

that are beloved by people.

我希望我能保存人們所愛的

Thank you very much.

不朽建築。

(Applause)

非常感謝！

Thank you. (Applause)

（掌聲）

Thank you very much. (Applause)

謝謝（掌聲）