字幕列表 影片播放
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Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
譯者: Yuen-Lam Tsang 審譯者: Ho-chung Chou
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Living in Africa is to be on the edge,
住在非洲就像是住在邊陲地帶
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metaphorically, and quite literally
這不單是比喻,也是事實
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when you think about connectivity before 2008.
如果你想想 2008 年前的通訊品質
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Though many human intellectual and technological leaps
雖然人類的智慧和科技
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had happened in Europe and the rest of the world,
在歐洲和世界其他地區大為躍進
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but Africa was sort of cut off.
但是非洲就像被屏除在外
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And that changed, first with ships
而情況改變了,一開始是因為海運
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when we had the Renaissance, the Scientific Revolution
那時候是文藝復興、科學革命
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and also the Industrial Revolution.
和工業革命
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And now we've got the digital revolution.
而現在我們有數位革命
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These revolutions have not been evenly distributed
這些革命的影響力並沒有均衡地
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across continents and nations.
遍佈各大洲的各個國家
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Never have been.
從來都沒有
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Now, this is a map of the undersea fiber optic cables
這張是海底光纖電纜分佈圖
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that connect Africa to the rest of the world.
讓非洲連結世界其他地區
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What I find amazing is that Africa
令我感到驚訝的是
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is transcending its geography problem.
非洲正在突破本身的地理侷限
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Africa is connecting to the rest of the world
非洲正和世界其他地方建立聯繫
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and within itself.
還有自己內部
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The connectivity situation has improved greatly,
通訊情況已經大幅改善
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but some barriers remain.
但是仍然存在某些阻隔
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It is with this context that Ushahidi came to be.
此時 Ushahidi 應運而生
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In 2008, one of the problems that we faced
2008 年,我們面臨的問題之一
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was lack of information flow.
就是資訊缺乏流動性
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There was a media blackout in 2008,
2008 年有過一次媒體封鎖
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when there was post-election violence in Kenya.
正值肯亞選舉後的暴動
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It was a very tragic time. It was a very difficult time.
那是一段很讓人悲哀的日子 一段很艱困的日子
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So we came together and we created software
所以那時我們聯手寫了一個軟體
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called Ushahidi.
名叫 Ushahidi
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And Ushahidi means "testimony" or "witness" in Swahili.
Ushahidi 是斯瓦希里語的「證詞」或「見證」
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I'm very lucky to work with two amazing collaborators.
我有幸能和兩位優秀的夥伴合作
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This is David and Erik.
他們叫作大衛和艾力克
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I call them brothers from another mother.
我當他們是同父異母的兄弟
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Clearly I have a German mother somewhere.
顯然地,我的母親是德國人
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And we worked together first with building
首先我們同力建造
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and growing Ushahidi.
並發展 Ushahidi
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And the idea of the software was to gather information
而這軟體的目的就是收集資料
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from SMS, email and web, and put a map
來源是短訊、電郵和網絡 然後繪成地圖
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so that you could see what was happening where,
這樣你們就能知道何地發生何事
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and you could visualize that data.
你們可以看得到數據
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And after that initial prototype,
建立了初始原形系統後
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we set out to make free and open-source software
我們開始嘗試寫出 開放原始碼的免費軟體
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so that others do not have to start from scratch like we did.
這樣其他人就不用像我們一樣 從零開始
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All the while, we also wanted to give back
一直以來,我們都想報答
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to the local tech community that helped us
早期幫助我們製作 Ushahidi
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grow Ushahidi and supported us in those early days.
並支持我們的當地技術團隊
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And that's why we set up the iHub in Nairobi,
因此我們決定在奈洛比設立 iHub
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an actual physical space
一個實際存在的空間
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where we could collaborate,
讓我們可以一起工作
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and it is now part of an integral tech ecosystem in Kenya.
這地方現在成了 整個肯亞科技生態系統的一部分
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We did that with the support of different organizations
我們得到了不同機構的協助
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like the MacArthur Foundation and Omidyar Network.
例如麥克阿瑟基金會 奧米迪亞網路
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And we were able to grow this software footprint,
因此我們可以擴張這軟體的版圖
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and a few years later it became
短短幾年就成為了
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very useful software,
一個十分好用的軟體
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and we were quite humbled when it was used in Haiti
我們自覺不能居功 當海地的居民使用它
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where citizens could indicate where they are
來標示自己的位置
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and what their needs were,
和需要的物資
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and also to deal with the fallout from the nuclear crisis
還有人們用它來處理 日本的核幅射危機
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and the tsunami in Japan.
和海嘯的時候
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Now, this year the Internet turns 20,
然而 今年是網際網路的二十週年
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and Ushahidi turned five.
Ushahidi 也五歲了
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Ushahidi is not only the software that we made.
Ushahidi 並非我們寫過的唯一軟體
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It is the team, and it's also the community
那是個團體,那也是個社區
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that uses this technology in ways that we could not foresee.
他們以我們無法預料的方式 使用這種科技
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We did not imagine that there would be this many maps
我們沒有想過會有這麽多的地圖
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around the world.
出現在世界各地
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There are crisis maps, election maps, corruption maps,
有危機地圖、選舉地圖 貪污地圖
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and even environmental monitoring crowd maps.
甚至環境監控組群的地圖
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We are humbled that this has roots in Kenya
我們不能居功,這本是為肯亞而設
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and that it has some use to people around the world
現在卻能為全世界的人服務
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trying to figure out the different issues that they're dealing with.
面臨各種問題時 幫他們想出解決方法
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There is more that we're doing to explore this idea
我們還要藉著這個概念 發掘出更多
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of collective intelligence, that I, as a citizen,
關於集體智慧的想法 而我,身為一個公民
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if I share the information with whatever device that I have,
如果能運用我所有的設備 來分享資訊
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could inform you about what is going on,
告知你們現在發生的事
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and that if you do the same, we can have a bigger picture
如果你們也這樣做 就可以讓我們大家
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of what's going on.
更瞭解全局
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I moved back to Kenya in 2011.
2011年,我搬回了肯亞
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Erik moved in 2010.
艾力克是 2010 年回來的
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Very different reality. I used to live in Chicago
兩個非常不同的世界 我以前住在芝加哥
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where there was abundant Internet access.
那裡上網的據點很多
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I had never had to deal with a blackout.
我從來不會遇到網路中斷的問題
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And in Kenya, it's a very different reality,
而在肯亞,情況完全不同
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and one thing that remains despite the leaps in progress
有件事是連數位革命的大躍進
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and the digital revolution is the electricity problem.
也沒能解決的,那就是供電問題
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The day-to-day frustrations of dealing with this
每天都要處理這令人沮喪的事
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can be, let's just say very annoying.
可說是非常麻煩
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Blackouts are not fun.
停電很討厭
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Imagine sitting down to start working, and all of a sudden
想像一下,你坐下來準備工作時
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the power goes out,
突然所有供電都中斷了
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your Internet connection goes down with it,
你的網路連線也跟著中斷
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so you have to figure out, okay, now, where's the modem,
然後你要找出問題 好,數據機在哪裡?
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how do I switch back?
怎麼重新啟動?
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And then, guess what? You have to deal with it again.
而且你知道嗎? 這種事不會只發生一次
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Now, this is the reality of Kenya, where we live now,
這就是我們所居住的肯亞的現況
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and other parts of Africa.
非洲其他地區也是如此
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The other problem that we're facing
我們面對的另一問題是
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is that communication costs are also still a challenge.
通訊費用依然高得離譜
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It costs me five Kenyan shillings,
我需要花五肯亞先令
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or .06 USD to call the U.S., Canada or China.
或者六角美元 才能打電話到美國、加拿大或中國
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Guess how much it costs to call Rwanda, Ghana, Nigeria?
你猜猜打電話到盧安達、迦納 和奈及利亞的費用是多少?
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Thirty Kenyan shillings. That's six times the cost
30肯亞先令。比非洲內陸的通話費
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to connect within Africa.
貴了六倍
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And also, when traveling within Africa,
而且,在非洲境內旅行時
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you've got different settings for different mobile providers.
你還須根據不同通訊營運商 來改變設定
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This is the reality that we deal with.
這就是我們正面對的現實
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So we've got a joke in Ushahidi
我們 Ushahidi 流傳著一個笑話
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where we say, "If it works in Africa, it'll work anywhere."
「在非洲行得通的,在哪裡都行得通了。」
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[Most use technology to define the function. We use function to drive the technology.]
[多數人以科技決定功能, 我們以功能推動科技。]
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What if we could overcome the problem
如果我們可以藉由解決
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of unreliable Internet and electricity
網絡連接和電力供應不穩定的問題
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and reduce the cost of connection?
從而減低通訊成本呢?
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Could we leverage the cloud?
或許我們可以善用雲端技術?
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We've built a crowd map, we've built Ushahidi.
我們建立了群眾匯報地圖 我們寫出了 Ushahidi
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Could we leverage these technologies
我們可否利用這些科技
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to switch smartly whenever you travel from country to country?
執行所有跨國旅行中的智能轉換呢?
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So we looked at the modem,
因此我們著眼於數據機
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an important part of the infrastructure of the Internet,
那是網際網路中重要的基礎建設
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and asked ourselves why
然後我們自問
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the modems that we are using right now
為甚麼我們正在使用的數據機
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are built for a different context, where you've got
是為了一個截然不同
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ubiquitous internet, you've got ubiquitous electricity,
有著無所不在的網際網路 和不會斷電的環境而造?
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yet we sit here in Nairobi and we do not have that luxury.
然而,我們奈洛比的人可沒有這些福份
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We wanted to redesign the modem
我們希望重新設計數據機
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for the developing world, for our context,
使其適用於發展中的國家 適用於我們的環境
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and for our reality.
適於於我們面臨的現實
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What if we could have connectivity with less friction?
我們的網路連線是不是能更順暢?
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This is the BRCK.
這就是 BRCK
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It acts as a backup to the Internet
其功能是充當網際網路的後援
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so that, when the power goes out,
因此,電力中斷時 它會執行
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it fails over and connects to the nearest GSM network.
故障轉移 連結至最近的全球行動通訊系統網路
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Mobile connectivity in Africa is pervasive.
行動網路在非洲十分普及
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It's actually everywhere.
可說是無處不在
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Most towns at least have a 3G connection.
很多市鎮至少都有三頻網路
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So why don't we leverage that? And that's why we built this.
我們何不善用這技術? 這就是我們建造 BRCK 的原因
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The other reason that we built this
我們建造它的另一個原因
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is when electricity goes down, this has eight hours
是電力中斷時 這裝置的電池還能撐
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of battery left, so you can continue working,
八小時,因此你可以繼續工作
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you can continue being productive,
你的效率不受影響
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and let's just say you are less stressed.
可以說你的壓力就不會那麼大了
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And for rural areas, it can be
對郊區的人來說
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the primary means of connection.
這可能是主要的連線方式
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The software sensibility at Ushahidi is still at play
Ushahidi 這軟體的靈敏度仍很有用
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when we wondered how can we use the cloud
當我們思索如何善用雲端科技
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to be more intelligent so that
提高其智能表現
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you can analyze the different networks,
那麼你就能分析不同的網路
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and whenever you switch on the backup,
每當你開啟一個備份
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you pick on the fastest network,
你就能選一個最快的網絡
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so we'll have multi-SIM capability
所以我們也會提供多 SIM 卡功能
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so that you can put multiple SIMs,
讓你能同時插入多張 SIM 卡
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and if one network is faster, that's the one you hop on,
哪個網路較順暢 就連到哪個網路
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and if the up time on that is not very good,
如果網路的運行速度不理想
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then you hop onto the next one.
就會切換到另一個
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The idea here is for you to be able to connect anywhere.
我們的想法是 讓你在哪裡都能上網
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With load balancing, this can be possible.
靠著負載均衡技術 這是可能實現的
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The other interesting thing for us -- we like sensors --
對我們來說,還有一件很棒的事 我們喜歡感應器
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is this idea that you could have an on-ramp
就是你可以掌握一個閘道
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for the Internet of things.
連接上各種網路
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Imagine a weather station that can be attached to this.
想像一下 這個閘道能連接到某個氣象台
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It's built in a modular way so that you can also attach
這用模塊化的形式來建立
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a satellite module so that you could have
因此也可以連接到衛星的模塊上
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Internet connectivity even in very remote areas.
那麼在偏僻地區也能上網了
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Out of adversity can come innovation,
身處逆境可以刺激創新
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and how can we help the ambitious coders and makers
我們該如何協助肯亞 的雄心勃勃的編碼師和設計師
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in Kenya to be resilient in the face of problematic infrastructure?
在基礎設施問題百出的環境中 隨機應變呢?
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And for us, we begin with solving the problem
我們的作法首先是解決
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in our own backyard in Kenya.
肯亞內部的問題
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It is not without challenge.
過程不是一帆風順的
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Our team has basically been mules carrying components
我們的團隊可說像騾子一般 把零件由美國運到肯亞
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from the U.S. to Kenya. We've had very interesting conversations
有些很有趣的對話,是我們當初
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with customs border agents.
遇到那些邊境人員時說的
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"What are you carrying?"
「你們帶的是什麼?」
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And the local financing is not
而當地的金融機構並不屬於
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part of the ecosystem for supporting hardware projects.
支持硬體計畫的生態系統
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So we put it on Kickstarter, and I'm happy to say that,
我們只好依靠 Kickstarter 我很開心的說
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through the support of many people,
因為許多人的支持
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not only here but online,
不只這裡,還有網路上的
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the BRCK has been Kickstarted,
BRCK 起步了
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and now the interesting part of bringing this to market begins.
現在有趣的步驟開始了 那就是把產品帶入市場
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I will close by saying that, if we solve this
最後我想說的是 要是我們能
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for the local market, it could be impactful
為當地市場解決這個問題
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not only for the coders in Nairobi
影響的不止是奈洛比的編碼員
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but also for small business owners
還有小型企業的老闆
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who need reliable connectivity,
他們需要可靠的網路連接
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and it can reduce the cost of connecting,
這項技術可以降低連接的成本
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and hopefully collaboration within African countries.
希望也能促進非洲各國共同合作
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The idea is that the building blocks of the digital economy
我們的理念是 數位經濟的基石就是
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are connectivity and entrepreneurship.
連繫力和創業精神
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The BRCK is our part
BRCK 就是我們所作的努力
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to keep Africans connected,
為了讓非洲人民能保持聯繫
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and to help them drive the global digital revolution.
並且幫助他們搭上 全球數位革命的列車
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Thank you.
謝謝大家
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(Applause)
(掌聲)