(Hammer)

(敲擊聲）

(Laughter)

（笑）

(Microwave beeps) (Laughter)

（微波爐嗶嗶聲）（笑）

You probably all agree with me

可能你們都會同意我的看法

that this is a very nice road.

這是一條很平整的路

It's made of asphalt,

它是瀝青鋪成的柏油路

and asphalt is a very nice material to drive on,

在柏油路上開車很舒服

but not always, especially not on these days as today,

但並非永遠如此, 尤其像今天

when it's raining a lot.

下著大雨

Then you can have a lot of splash water in the asphalt.

使得柏油路上到處濺起水花

And especially if you then ride with your bicycle,

尤其當你騎著自行車

and pass these cars, then that's not very nice.

並從車子旁經過, 情況會更糟

Also, asphalt can create a lot of noise.

還有, 柏油路上會產生許多噪音

It's a noisy material,

它是個吵雜的東西

and if we produce roads like in the Netherlands,

如果我們像在荷蘭一樣的鋪路

very close to cities, then we would like a silent road.

一條離城市很近的路 那麼我們喜歡一條安靜的道路

The solution for that is to make roads

對此的解決方法是鋪一條

out of porous asphalt.

多孔的柏油路

Porous asphalt, a material that we use now

我們現在所用的多孔柏油路

in most of the highways in the Netherlands,

常見於荷蘭的高速公路

it has pores and water can just rain through it,

它擁有水可以滲透的小孔

so all the rainwater will flow away to the sides,

所以雨水會流到路的兩邊，

and you have a road that's easy to drive on,

而你將能輕鬆地駕駛在路上,

so no splash water anymore.

不會再水花四濺

Also the noise will disappear in these pores.

這些洞也能使所有的噪音消失

Because it's very hollow, all the noise will disappear,

因為凹陷的洞能使噪音消失

so it's a very silent road.

這條路會非常安靜

It also has disadvantages, of course,

當然它也有缺點

and the disadvantage of this road is that raveling can occur.

那就是在這條路會有"鬆開"的情況

What is raveling? You see that in this road

什麼是"鬆開"? 看看這條路

that the stones at the surface come off.

路面上的碎石子脫落

First you get one stone, then several more,

先是一顆石子, 然後數個

and more and more and more and more,

然後更多...

and then they -- well, I will not do that. (Laughter)

並且-- 我不會那麼做 (笑)

But they can damage your windshield,

但它們能破壞你的擋風玻璃

so you're not happy with that.

所以你並不樂見

And finally, this raveling can also lead to more and more damage.

最終, 這"鬆脫"的現象也將導致更多破壞

Sometimes you can create potholes with that.

有時甚至導致地面上的大坑洞

Ha. He's ready.

準備好了

Potholes, of course, that can become a problem,

路面上的坑洞 當然是一大問題

but we have a solution.

但我們有解決方法

Here you see actually how the damage appears in this material.

在這你可以看見

It's a porous asphalt, like I said, so you have only

這是個透水性的柏油路 就像我所說的, 所以

a small amount of binder between the stones.

石子之間只能有一點點黏著劑

Due to weathering, due to U.V. light, due to oxidation,

由於氣候, 紫外線照射, 氧化作用,

this binder, this bitumen,

這黏著劑, 這瀝青

the glue between the aggregates is going to shrink,

路面整體的黏性將減少

and if it shrinks, it gets micro-cracks,

黏性減少就會有細微的裂縫

and it delaminates from the aggregates.

裂縫誘使路面分層

Then if you drive over the road, you take out the aggregates --

此時車子經過路面, 又將路面

what we just saw here.

正如我們剛才所見

To solve this problem, we thought of self-healing materials.

為了解決這個問題, 我們想到了自療性物質

If we can make this material self-healing,

如果我們能讓此物質擁有自療性

then probably we have a solution.

或許能找到解決方法

So what we can do is use steel wool just to clean pans,

因此我們利用清洗鍋子的鋼絲絨

and the steel wool we can cut in very small pieces,

將鋼絲絨切成細小的碎片

and these very small pieces we can mix to the bitumen.

我們將這些細小的碎片與瀝青混合

So then you have asphalt

便得到了

with very small pieces of steel wool in it.

混有鋼絲絨小碎片的柏油路

Then you need a machine, like you see here,

之後你需要一部機器, 如你所見

that you can use for cooking -- an induction machine.

一個可以用來煮飯的電磁爐

Induction can heat, especially steel; it's very good at that.

電磁爐能加熱, 對於鋼絲效果更佳

Then what you do is you heat up the steel,

你所要做的就是將鋼絲加熱

you melt the bitumen,

並將瀝青融化

and the bitumen will flow into these micro-cracks,

而瀝青會流入這些微小縫隙

and the stones are again fixed to the surface.

這些小石子就會再度與路面黏合

Today I use a microwave because I cannot take

今天我使用一台微波爐, 因為

the big induction machine here onstage.

在台上我無法使用大型的晶體電磁爐

So a microwave is a similar system.

微波爐和電磁爐的系統相近

So I put the specimen in, which I'm now going to take out

我現在要拿出剛才放入的樣本

to see what happened.

看看發生了什麼事

So this is the specimen coming out now.

這就是剛出爐的樣本

So I said we have such an industrial machine in the lab

我們的實驗室擁有這樣一台工業用的機器

to heat up the specimens.

能用來加熱這些樣本

We tested a lot of specimens there,

我們已做了許多試驗

and then the government, they actually saw our results,

實際上政府也看見我們的成果

and they thought, "Well, that's very interesting. We have to try that."

他們認為, "這非常有趣, 值得一試"

So they donated to us a piece of highway,

所以政府捐贈出一段

400 meters of the A58, where we had to make

400公尺的A58公路, 我們必須在這

a test track to test this material.

利用此物質做一個實驗

So that's what we did here. You see where we were making the test road,

而這就是我們所做的, 你們看見我們正在實驗

and then of course this road will last several years

當然這條路將持續使用數年

without any damage. That's what we know from practice.

毫無一點損害. 這是我們實驗後得出的結論

So we took a lot of samples from this road

我們從這條路取了許多樣本

and we tested them in the lab.

並且在實驗室經握多次測試

So we did aging on the samples,

我們將這些樣本老化

did a lot of loading on it, healed them with our induction machine,

在路面樣本施加重量, 並用晶體電磁爐將樣本癒合

and healed them and tested them again.

如此反覆試驗

Several times we can repeat that.

多次重複

So actually, the conclusion from this research is that

從這項研究我們得出的結論是

if we go on the road every four years

如果我們每四年在此條路上

with our healing machine -- this is the big version

使用這台癒合型機器-- 這台大型的版本

we have made to go on the real road --

為了用在真正道路上而製造的

if we go on the road every four years

如果我們每隔四年保養一次

we can double the surface life of this road,

便可以使這路面的壽命延長兩倍

which of course saves a lot of money.

這當然可以節省一大筆錢。

Well, to conclude, I can say

最後，我可以說

that we made a material

我們提出一種材料

using steel fibers, the addition of steel fibers,

使用鋼纖維, 添加鋼纖維的方式

using induction energy to really

再利用電磁感應的能量

increase the surface life of the road,

增加路面的壽命

double the surface life you can even do,

你甚至可以使路面壽命延長兩倍

so it will really save a lot of money with very simple tricks.

所以真的能以非常簡單的小方法節省一大筆錢

And now you're of course curious if it also worked.

想必你現在很好奇這到底能否發揮作用

So we still have the specimen here. It's quite warm.

所以我們在這裡仍有標本, 它很溫暖

Actually, it still has to cool down first

實際上, 在我展示它的癒合功能之前

before I can show you that the healing works.

它仍要先冷卻下來

But I will do a trial.

但我會做個試驗

Let's see. Yeah, it worked.

讓我們看看。是的, 它起作用了

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）