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This is Sweden, one of the countries on the friendly northern countries side of the world.

這是瑞典，位於世界北端的友善國之一

In Sweden, you can't name your baby Metallica, you can't name them Elvis, you can't name them Ikea,

在瑞典，寶寶的名字不能叫做 Metallica ，不能叫做 Elvis ，不能叫做 Ikea

and you definitely can't name them Albin just as long as its spelled like this.

更不能叫做 Albin 。這名字太長，拼出來就像是：

That's because Sweden has some of the strictest laws in the world on which names you can use.

這是因為在哪些名字能使用的方面上，瑞典有著世界上幾個最嚴格的法規

These laws originally came around because Sweden is a monarchy.

瑞典的君主體制造就了這些法條

They've got a king, and queen, and royal families, as monarchies do,

瑞典有國王、皇后、皇室，就像是君主國

and they don't want anyone to just waltz into fake nobility by changing their name.

他們不希望有來路不明的人不過是會跳華爾滋，就假裝自己是皇族，用了皇室專屬的名字

They want the nobles to stay nobles and their ordinaries to stay ordinaries,

他們覺得貴族就是貴族，百姓就是百姓

so nobody is allowed to use the names of noble families unless they are part of that family.

所以只有貴族可以用這些名字，其餘的人想都別想

Slight problem - there are over 28,000 nobles in Sweden.

但是有個小問題：瑞典有超過 28,000 名貴族

That's a lot of prohibited names.

有太多名字是不可以用的

Weirdly, these laws are managed by the Swedish Tax Agency.

奇怪的是，這些名字是由瑞典稅務局統一管理

Whenever a baby is born in Sweden, parents are required to submit a name to them for approval.

瑞典的新生兒無論何時出生，父母都得提交寶寶的名字以得許可

Of course in most cases babies just take the last name of their parents, but you can technically change last names,

當然，大多數的新生兒是用父母的姓，但是可以有技巧地做點改變

so in order to prevent anyone from changing their last names to that of a royal,

所以為了杜絕有心人士刻意將其改得跟皇族一樣

this agency prevents anyone from naming their child or changing their name to a noble name.

瑞典稅務局不讓任何小孩取名或改名為貴族的名字

But they also regulate first names.

但是他們對於「名」也不放過

The naming law states that "First names shall not be approved if they can cause offense, or can be supposed to cause discomfort for the one using it,

姓名規範的定義是「名字不可以有冒犯到他人之意，或讓子女感到不舒服

or names which for some obvious reason are not suitable as a first name.”

或者有些擺明了不適合當名字。」

This is why they rejected this spelling of Albin.

這就是為什麼 Albin 這個名字會遭到駁回

The parents submitted this name in protest of the naming laws since they were fined 5000 krona

有對父母為了抗議命名法，故意把小孩命名為 Albin

for not submitting a name by the child's 5th birthday

只因為他們沒有在孩子五歲前提交姓名審核，而遭罰五千克朗

and after this spelling was rejected, they tried again by submitting the name Albin, this time spelled like this.

當這個字的拼法遭受駁回時，他們仍不服輸地再提交一次。而這次拼起來是像這樣：

This name was rejected again because of a ban on one-letter names.

但還是遭受駁回，原因是「不可以使用單一英文字母」為名

But Sweden isn't the only place where some names are illegal.

不過，瑞典也不是唯一一個有命名限制的國家

In Denmark, which is, fun fact, the only country in the world whose name starts with "d-e-n" and ends with "mark,"

在丹麥有個有趣的現象，也是世界上唯一一個國名始於 den 終於 mark

there's a list of 15,000 male names and 18,000 female names that are approved for use.

有份清單名列出可使用的 15,000 個男性名字及 18,000 個女性名字

In order to name a child something not on this list, parents have to go through a laborious approval process.

若父母一定要幫孩子取名單以外的名字，就得經過繁瑣又耗時的程序才能拿到許可

Iceland, one of the other countries in the jibber-jabber language area of the world,

冰島跟以上這些國家屬於同一個語系

is even more restrictive where there are only 1,700 approved male names and 1,800 approved female names.

在取名上更為嚴謹，名單上僅有 1,700 個男性名字與 1,800 個女性名字是官方批准的

These Icelandic laws are even more difficult to comply with because Iceland doesn't name people the same way as the rest of the world.

人民之所以更難遵守冰島的法律

In the traditional Icelandic naming system, there are no real last names.

是因為他們命名的方式和其他國家不一樣

If someone named Karl Daníelson has a boy named Björn, the son would not take the last name Daníelson

冰島傳統的命名規則中，人民沒有真正的姓

In Iceland, boys' last names are typically their fathers first names plus "son" which, surprisingly, means son,

若有個名叫 Karl Daníelson 的人，有了一個叫 Björn 的兒子，那麼這個兒子就不會用 Daníelson 這個姓

while girls' last names are correspondingly usually their fathers first names plus "dóttir," which means daughter.

在冰島，男生的名字通常是由爸爸的名字加上 son 這個字，令人驚訝的，這個字就代表兒子

So, that boy named Björn with a father named Karl would be named Björn Karlson.

同理，女生的名字就是由爸爸的命字加上 dóttir 這個字，代表女兒

This can create enormous difficulties especially for Icelandic nationals

所以，兒子的名字就會由爸爸的名字 Karl 加上 son 這個字，名為 Björn Karlson

who have children abroad and name them with the more traditional last-name system.

這種命名方式帶來了很多困擾

Children without proper gendered last names have regularly been denied passports in Iceland

尤其是在海外有小孩的冰島國民

and so, to summarize, in Iceland, Aliaksandr Alexander Aliaksandrson is a legal name but John Smith is not.

如果小孩護照上的姓沒有清楚的標示出性別，就會在進入冰島時遭拒

But even the US has some restrictions on names.

總歸一句， Aliaksandr Alexander Aliaksandrson 在冰島是一個合法的名字，而 John Smith 就掰掰囉！

Of course, Americans seem to take this whole free speech thing pretty seriously,

但就連美國也有些命名規則

so you don't need to get names approved,

當然，美國人很重視言論自由

but there are some technical limitations on which names you can have.

所以命名不用得到誰的允許

There are no country-wide laws on names, but different states have different restrictions.

但在取名時還是有些限制

Mostly based off of how advanced their computer systems that handle name registration are.

沒有全國性的規定，但不同州有不同的限制

In Alaska, for example, you can have any name you want but in New Hampshire, on the other hand,

大致上是基於他們處理姓名註冊的系統有多先進

names are capped at 100 characters because the state computers can only handle 100 character names.

舉例來說，在阿拉斯加你可以隨心所裕地命名，但相較之下，在新罕布什爾州

California, meanwhile, prohibits names spelled with anything but the 26 letters of the English alphabet so Günter and Léa and José are out of luck.

姓名不得超過 100 字符，因為程式上只能處理 100 字符以內的名字

Of course these people aren't just prohibited from existing in California,

同樣的，在加州，取名時不能使用 26 個英文字母以外的符號

but for all government purposes their name will be switched to a version without accents.

所以，也只能跟 Günter、Léa、 José 這些名字說聲抱歉啦

Also out of luck would be famous mathematician Mileva Marić

當然，這些人不僅不能待在加州

who, I'm sure you all know, married Albert Einstein who published the Theory of Relativity,

政府也會要求人民將名字換為沒有重音的

which stated that you can't travel faster than the speed of light, among other things, in 1905

姓名遭拒的還有知名是數學家 Mileva Marić，我想你們都知道

then 113 years later it went up as a course on brilliant.org.

她嫁給了提出相對論的愛因斯坦

Brilliant is the best place to learn things like probability, machine learning, special relativity, and more

相對論於 1905 年指出「沒有任何東西能夠移動得比光速還快」

because they don't teach you by making you frantically check a bunch of inane rules.

然而在 113 年後的今天變成了 Brilliant 網站上的一堂課

With Brilliant you learn by playing through puzzles that help you build up your intuition,

Brilliant 是最好的平台，提供你學習概率、機器學、狹義相對論等等的課程

so you truly come to understand these concepts.

因為 Brilliant 絕不會一昧地教你一堆讓你抓狂的公式

You can take as many of these superbly designed courses as you want with their premium subscription,

和 Brilliant 一同學習，像是玩拼圖一樣，累積知識

which by being one of the first 424 people to click on the link in the description, you can get for 20% off.

所以你會真的了解這些概念