Name: 細菌如何統治你的身體 - 微生物組 (How Bacteria Rule Over Your Body - The Microbiome)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T07:27:22.000Z
Duration: 7 min 39 s

and literally everywhere else on top of you too.

Microbes are omnipresent at any moment,
and there is nothing we can do about it

微生物無時無刻無所不在，而我們對此卻束手無策

So, millions of years ago we made a pact,

因此幾百萬年來，人類和他們就簽訂了契約

But the more we learn about this partnership,
the more it looks like a cold war

但是我們對這段夥伴關係瞭解的越多，
就越加發現這就像是場冷戰

Inside our mother's womb,
humans start out sterile

人類胎兒在母親子宮裡，是完全無菌的

When we are born and traveling
through the birth canal,

billions of our mother's bacteria cover
every single part of our bodies.

無數母親身上的細菌就鋪蓋在新生兒的身上

This is an essential part of human health.

這對人類健康來說是不可或缺的一環

Children born via C-section have a
higher rate of asthma,

剖腹產出生的新生兒，有較高的機率得到氣喘、

So our bodies do not only accept the invasion
of microorganisms, they welcome it.

因此我們的身體不僅是接受這些微生物的入侵
更是歡迎他們

Over millions of years, we co-evolved to
make the best of our relationship.

幾百萬年來，我們共同演化出對彼此最佳的關係

contains special sugars that are
meant to feed and support

可以餵養特定族群的微生物生長

It takes up to two years, until a healthy
microbe community has formed.

新生兒約需要兩年的時間
才能形成完整健康的菌叢

Every human has their own unique microbiome,
made up of bacteria,

每個人都有他獨特的微生物群系
包含有細菌、

We have three categories of guests,
on and in our bodies.

在我們身上及體內有三種類型的賓客

Quiet passengers that do their own thing,
and are politely ignored.

默不作聲的乘客做著他的事情，並且被禮貌地忽視

By being there, they take up space and keep
more aggressive intruders in check.

他們佔據空間，讓其他更有侵略性的外來者受到控制

for example, bacteria that literally create 
acid that melts our teeth,

例如產生酸性物質腐蝕我們牙齒的細菌

They want to take up as much
space as they can,

他們就會盡其所能佔據所有他們能佔據的空間

Friendly fellows that our bodies
want to have around,

我們身體很想要結交的友善傢伙

most of them are a community of
380,000 billion bacteria,

from up to 5,000 different species,
that live in our gut.

有超過5,000種不同的物種，住在我們腸道中

These gut microorganisms help us digest food,

這些腸道微生物幫助我們消化食物

and pull additional calories from things
that we can't digest ourselves.

並且從我們不能消化的食物中分解出更多的熱量

Unfortunately, our gut is also the
perfect point of attack for intruders,

不幸的，腸道也是外來侵略者完美的攻擊點

因此腸道有非常果敢的軍隊鎮守

To survive here, our microbiome
co-evolved with us

為了在此生存，微生物和我們共同演化

The most important part of that is to ask
the immune system to not kill them.

最重要的部分就是
請免疫系統不要殺死他們

But, they also have a real motivation
to keep our gut healthy,

但其實背後他們保持我們腸道健康的真正動機

so some of them produce a
messenger substances,

所以某些微生物會產出一種訊息物質

and others stimulate the gut cells
to regenerate faster.

其他還有些微生物能刺激腸道細胞再生

Evidence has emerged that the
influence of our gut microbiome,

It might even talk directly to our brain.

an important messenger substance
for nerve cells,

是神經細胞重要的傳遞訊息物質

Some scientists think the
microbiome does this,

以些科學家認為這是微生物引起的

The information highway of our nervous system.

迷走神經是我們神經系統訊息傳遞的高速公路

Other examples are bacteria that
stimulate immune cells in the gut,

其他例子還包含有細菌能刺激腸道的免疫細胞

so they send a kind of alarm
signal to the brain.

Here, it activates immune cells that help
the brain recover from injuries.

這樣能活化免疫細胞，幫助大腦從創傷中恢復

the microbiome is interested
in a healthy brain.

微生物們對健康的大腦非常有興趣

A new field of science is
opening up here,

and we're just on the verge of
understanding how these

而我們只理解其冰山一角，關於

complex systems inside our bodies interact.

這些複雜的系統究竟在身體裡如何運作

But we are starting to see how
much our microbiome

這些微生物影響我們及我們的行為有多深

Healthy rats fed microbes from the 
guts of depressed people,

健康的大鼠被餵食來自憂鬱人類腸道的微生物

便會開始出現類似焦慮不安的行為

And in early 2017, a study linked the
microbiome to intelligence,

在2017年初一個研究指出微生物和智力之間的關係

by connecting a certain set up
of bacteria in newborns,

研究指出新生兒體內特別的一群細菌

能使其擁有較好的運動及語言能力

But it might also influence our daily lives.

showed that their microbiome, influenced
what kinds of food they craved.

他們身上的微生物族群，會影響他們想吃哪種食物

This could mean your microbes are
able to tell your brain,

這可能指出，微生物能告訴你的大腦

The seed for our microbiome
comes from our mother,

but how it develops and changes, is
determined by what we eat.

但其發展以及改變則是取決於我們吃了什麼

the organisms in our gut feed
on different things,

Our gut is like a garden in which
we constantly decide,

我們的腸道就像個花園一樣，在這裡我們不斷地決定

If we eat healthily, we breed bacteria
that like healthy food.

如果我們飲食健康，就養育了那些喜歡健康食物的細菌

If we eat a lot of fast food, then we
breed fast food loving bacteria.

如果吃了很多速食，則養育了喜愛速食的細菌

Life is hard, so we can get trapped
in a vicious circle.

生活艱辛，因此我們被這惡性循環困著

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細菌如何統治你的身體 - 微生物組 (How Bacteria Rule Over Your Body - The Microbiome)

literally

anxiety

immune

depression