traveling around the world these days,

到目前為止, 我花了很多時間

talking to groups of students and professionals,

遊歷世界每一個角落

and everywhere I'm finding that I hear similar themes.

跟許多學生和專業人士交談。

On the one hand, people say,

在每一個地方我都會聽見類似的話題。

"The time for change is now."

一方面, 人們說，

They want to be part of it.

"這一刻就是改造未來的機會。"

They talk about wanting lives of purpose and greater meaning.

他們渴望成為動力的一分子。

But on the other hand,

表達出他們對豐盛人生之渴求。

I hear people talking about fear,

但在另一方面,

a sense of risk-aversion.

我聽見人們談論到憂慮,

They say, "I really want to follow a life of purpose,

對冒險的反感。

but I don't know where to start.

他們說, "我渴望追隨一個有意義的人生，

I don't want to disappoint my family or friends."

但不知從何開始。

I work in global poverty.

我不想讓家人或朋友失望。"

And they say, "I want to work in global poverty,

我從事國際救貧工作。

but what will it mean about my career?

他們又說, "我有意參與國際救貧工作,

Will I be marginalized?

但這對我的事業有何影響?

Will I not make enough money?

我會否被迫至社會邊緣?

Will I never get married or have children?"

我的經濟能力許可嗎?

And as a woman who didn't get married until I was a lot older --

婚姻和培育下一代的機會又怎樣呢?"

and I'm glad I waited --

由一個遲婚女人的角度來看 –

(Laughter)

我欣然地不畏等待 –

-- and has no children,

「笑聲」

I look at these young people

– 而沒有孩子的我,

and I say, "Your job is not to be perfect.

看著這一群年輕人

Your job is only to be human.

我說, "你的使命不是追求完美,

And nothing important happens in life

你的使命只是做人。

without a cost."

任何重大的人生歷程

These conversations really reflect what's happening

都難免要付出代價。"

at the national and international level.

這些交談真實地反映出

Our leaders and ourselves

地區性和國際性的社會狀況。

want everything,

我們的領袖跟我們一樣

but we don't talk about the costs.

渴求着一切,

We don't talk about the sacrifice.

但我們從不談到代價,

One of my favorite quotes from literature

我們從不談到犧牲。

was written by Tillie Olsen,

一篇我最愛的文學

the great American writer from the South.

是來自蒂莉 • 奧晨,

In a short story called "Oh Yes,"

一位美國南部的優秀作家。

she talks about a white woman in the 1950s

在短編小說《哦 是的》內,

who has a daughter

她談到一位生於50年代的白人女子,

who befriends a little African American girl,

她的小女兒

and she looks at her child with a sense of pride,

跟一個非洲裔的女孩結為好友。

but she also wonders,

她看著小女兒而感到自豪,

what price will she pay?

但也沉思,

"Better immersion

她須付出的代價有多大?

than to live untouched."

"沐浴於大度

But the real question is,

總比未嚐透的人生要好得多。"

what is the cost of not daring?

但真正的問題是，

What is the cost of not trying?

不願冒險的代價是什麼?

I've been so privileged in my life

不作嘗試的代價又是什麼?

to know extraordinary leaders

我生命中的榮幸

who have chosen to live lives of immersion.

是認識到一群非凡領袖

One woman I knew who was a fellow

全都選擇生活於大度之中。

at a program that I ran at the Rockefeller Foundation

在我管理的一個洛氏基金會中

was named Ingrid Washinawatok.

我認識一個女同伴

She was a leader of the Menominee tribe,

她的名字叫做英格烈 • 嬅絲娜雲苔。

a Native American peoples.

她是梅諾米尼部落的一個領袖，

And when we would gather as fellows,

帶領著一班美國土著人民。

she would push us to think about

每當我們一起作伴,

how the elders in Native American culture

她會推動我們的思維去想一想

make decisions.

在美國土著文化裡的長老們

And she said they would literally visualize

是怎樣運籌決算。

the faces of children

她說他們會幻想出

for seven generations into the future,

孩子的臉龐

looking at them from the Earth,

一路延續到未來的第七代,

and they would look at them, holding them as stewards

從地球上遙望著他們。

for that future.

長老會看著他們, 委任他們爲

Ingrid understood that we are connected to each other,

新一代的管理人。

not only as human beings,

英格烈明白到我們命脈雙連，

but to every living thing on the planet.

不單止於人與人之間，

And tragically, in 1999,

還有天下萬物。

when she was in Colombia

可是, 悲慘之事在1999年發生

working with the U'wa people,

那年她在哥倫比亞

focused on preserving their culture and language,

跟雨娃部落的土著合作,

she and two colleagues were abducted

專注於保育當地文化及語言，

and tortured and killed by the FARC.

她跟兩位同僚被綁架

And whenever we would gather the fellows after that,

最後受到哥倫比亞革命軍的折磨及殺害。

we would leave a chair empty for her spirit.

從此每當我們聚在一起，

And more than a decade later,

我們會留一張空椅子紀念她的精神。

when I talk to NGO fellows,

十多年後，

whether in Trenton, New Jersey or the office of the White House,

每當我跟非政府組織的同伴傾談，

and we talk about Ingrid,

不論在特倫頓, 新澤西州或是白宮的辦公室,

they all say that they're trying to integrate her wisdom

當我們談到英格烈,

and her spirit

每人都會提到怎樣聯繫她的智慧

and really build on the unfulfilled work

和她的精神

of her life's mission.

來建造那未完成的工作

And when we think about legacy,

她一生中的使命。

I can think of no more powerful one,

當我們想到遺志,

despite how short her life was.

我想不到什麼比這個更偉大,

And I've been touched by Cambodian women --

儘管她那短暫的一生。

beautiful women,

我亦曾被柬埔寨的婦女感動,

women who held the tradition of the classical dance in Cambodia.

美麗的婦女,

And I met them in the early '90s.

致力地保存著柬埔寨傳統舞蹈。

In the 1970s, under the Pol Pot regime,

我於90年代初認識她們。

the Khmer Rouge killed over a million people,

70年代中, 在波爾布特的獨權下,

and they focused and targeted the elites and the intellectuals,

赤柬時期內有過百萬人殄亡。

the artists, the dancers.

他們的矛頭指向精英和知識份子,

And at the end of the war,

藝術家, 舞蹈家。

there were only 30 of these classical dancers still living.

在干戈之後,

And the women, who I was so privileged to meet

倖存的只有30位傳統舞蹈家。

when there were three survivors,

我有幸認識到的婦女

told these stories about lying in their cots

是其中三位生還者,

in the refugee camps.

她們回憶起躺在窄床上

They said they would try so hard

於難民營內。

to remember the fragments of the dance,

她們形容各人設法

hoping that others were alive and doing the same.

去回想舞蹈之點滴,

And one woman stood there with this perfect carriage,

期望仍然活著的也一般地想。

her hands at her side,

其中一位擁有完美體態的婦人,

and she talked about

她的手放置在兩旁,

the reunion of the 30 after the war

她訴說

and how extraordinary it was.

戰後30年的團圓

And these big tears fell down her face,

是那麼的難以忘懷。

but she never lifted her hands to move them.

她淚珠滿面,

And the women decided that they would train

但她未有一次張手抹去。

not the next generation of girls, because they had grown too old already,

這些婦女決意指導,

but the next generation.

不是下一代, 因她們已經成年,

And I sat there in the studio

而是尚年幼的一代。

watching these women clapping their hands --

我坐於工作室中

beautiful rhythms --

看著這些婦女拍著手掌 –

as these little fairy pixies

美麗的拍子 –

were dancing around them,

而這些小精靈

wearing these beautiful silk colors.

圍繞著她們跳舞,

And I thought, after all this atrocity,

穿著美麗和五彩賓紛的絲綢。

this is how human beings really pray.

我想, 經過了所有殘酷暴行,

Because they're focused on honoring

這就是人們禱告的方法。

what is most beautiful about our past

因為她們注視和尊敬

and building it into

我們最美麗的過去

the promise of our future.

將它建立於

And what these women understood

我們對未來的誠諾。

is sometimes the most important things that we do

這些婦女明白到

and that we spend our time on

有時候我們做最重要的事

are those things that we cannot measure.

和我們花上最多的時間

I also have been touched

就是那些我們無法衡量的東西。

by the dark side of power and leadership.

我也曾領教過,

And I have learned that power,

強權跟領導層的黑暗。

particularly in its absolute form,

我領悟到權力,

is an equal opportunity provider.

在激進極端的形態裏,

In 1986, I moved to Rwanda,

是一個平等機會提供者。

and I worked with a very small group of Rwandan women

於1986年, 我搬到盧旺達,

to start that country's first microfinance bank.

我跟一班盧旺達婦女合作

And one of the women was Agnes --

開設那國家的小額信貸銀行。

there on your extreme left --

其中一位婦人英家妮絲 –

she was one of the first three

屬於極端左派 –

women parliamentarians in Rwanda,

她是三位盧旺達國會女議員之中

and her legacy should have been

的其中一位,

to be one of the mothers of Rwanda.

她的傳奇應當是

We built this institution based on social justice,

成為其中一個盧旺達之母。

gender equity,

我們建立社會正義架構,

this idea of empowering women.

性別平等主義,

But Agnes cared more about the trappings of power

女性賦權理念。

than she did principle at the end.

但英家妮絲沈醉於權勢

And though she had been part of building a liberal party,

最終多於她的原則。

a political party

她雖曾幫助帶動自由黨,

that was focused on diversity and tolerance,

一個專注多元文化

about three months before the genocide, she switched parties

和寬容主義的政黨,

and joined the extremist party, Hutu Power,

在種族滅絕前三個月, 她轉了黨

and she became the Minister of Justice

加入一個激進政黨, 胡圖勢力,

under the genocide regime

成為種族滅絕政權內

and was known for inciting men to kill faster

的公義師政部長

and stop behaving like women.

這勢力善於煽動男子殺人

She was convicted

及輟止任何屬於女性化的行為。

of category one crimes of genocide.

她被定罪

And I would visit her in the prisons,

於種族滅絕內的第一項罪行。

sitting side-by-side, knees touching,

我會到監獄探望她,

and I would have to admit to myself

一塊兒坐著, 膝頭碰膝頭,

that monsters exist in all of us,

我對自己承認

but that maybe it's not monsters so much,

我們的心魔,

but the broken parts of ourselves,

可能不是惡魔,

sadnesses, secret shame,

而是破碎的自己,

and that ultimately it's easy for demagogues

悲傷, 隱蔽著的羞恥,

to prey on those parts,

所以最終能容易地被煽動者

those fragments, if you will,

哺獵那些部位,

and to make us look at other beings, human beings,

那些碎片, 就這樣,

as lesser than ourselves --

令其他人在我們眼中,

and in the extreme, to do terrible things.

比我們自己渺小 –

And there is no group

被偏激圍繞著, 做出可怕的事。

more vulnerable to those kinds of manipulations

沒有一個群體

than young men.

比其他人更脆弱地蒙受精神操縱

I've heard it said that the most dangerous animal on the planet

這一群就是年輕的男人。

is the adolescent male.

我曾聽說這星球上最危險的動物

And so in a gathering

是在青春期的男性。

where we're focused on women,

然而在一個聚會裏

while it is so critical that we invest in our girls

當我們的焦點是女性,

and we even the playing field

那關鍵是投資在女孩子身上

and we find ways to honor them,

制做同等商機

we have to remember that the girls and the women

找方法去表揚她們,

are most isolated and violated

我們要記得女孩子和婦女

and victimized and made invisible

多受到孤立和冒犯

in those very societies

成為看不見的受害者

where our men and our boys

在某些社會裏

feel disempowered,

當男人和男孩子

unable to provide.

感到無能爲力,

And that, when they sit on those street corners

無法供養配給。

and all they can think of in the future

那樣, 當他們蹲在街角

is no job, no education,

他們只可想到一個未來

no possibility,

沒有工作, 沒有學歷,

well then it's easy to understand

沒有遠景,

how the greatest source of status

那就可以容易理解

can come from a uniform

身分待遇的最大來源

and a gun.

可來自一件制服

Sometimes very small investments

和一枝槍。

can release enormous, infinite potential

有時候很少的投資

that exists in all of us.

便可釋放巨大, 無限的潛能

One of the Acumen Fund fellows at my organization,

於我們各人懷內。

Suraj Sudhakar,

我成立的機構內有一位雅決文基金之友,

has what we call moral imagination --

舒華子 • 舒達克加,

the ability to put yourself in another person's shoes

擁有一種道德想像 –

and lead from that perspective.

一種置身處地的能力

And he's been working with this young group of men

從那個角度受到帶動。

who come from the largest slum in the world, Kibera.

他一直跟一班男生合作

And they're incredible guys.

全都來自世界最大的貧民窟, 基貝拉。

And together they started a book club

他們是優秀的男生。

for a hundred people in the slums,

他們一起創辦書社

and they're reading many TED authors and liking it.

跟貧民窟內的一百人,

And then they created a business plan competition.

出於喜愛他們一起閱讀 TED 作家的作品。

Then they decided that they would do TEDx's.

他們又創立商業計劃比賽。

And I have learned so much

他們更決意參與 TEDx。

from Chris and Kevin

我學會了很多

and Alex and Herbert

由奇爾士和加芬

and all of these young men.

亞力士和何百之

Alex, in some ways, said it best.

還有這全班男生。

He said, "We used to feel like nobodies,

亞力士, 用他的方法, 形容得最好。

but now we feel like somebodies."

他說, "我們以前覺得自己是無名氏,

And I think we have it all wrong

但現在我們感到自己的存在。"

when we think that income is the link.

我想可能我們全都錯了

What we really yearn for as human beings

我們以爲金錢收入是關鍵。

is to be visible to each other.

其實我們人類最渴望的

And the reason these young guys

就是互相看到大家。

told me that they're doing these TEDx's

而這班男生告訴我

is because they were sick and tired

他們之所以參與 TEDx

of the only workshops coming to the slums

是因為他們厭倦

being those workshops focused on HIV,

在貧民窟中僅有的工作坊

or at best, microfinance.

全都把焦點放在愛滋病,

And they wanted to celebrate

最棒的也只是, 小額信貸。

what's beautiful about Kibera and Mathare --

他們希望可以表揚

the photojournalists and the creatives,

基貝拉和馬非亞的美麗 –

the graffiti artists, the teachers and the entrepreneurs.

攝影記者和藝術文人,

And they're doing it.

街頭壁畫家, 老師和企業家。

And my hat's off to you in Kibera.

他們真的做到了。

My own work focuses

我脫掉帽子對基貝拉你表示尊敬。

on making philanthropy more effective

我的工作焦點是

and capitalism more inclusive.

讓慈善工作更有效

At Acumen Fund, we take philanthropic resources

令資本主義更包容。

and we invest what we call patient capital --

在雅決文基金, 我們將慈善性資源

money that will invest in entrepreneurs who see the poor

投資在命名為「耐心資本」之內 –

not as passive recipients of charity,

資金放在對貧窮另有見解的企業家身上,

but as full-bodied agents of change

不視窮人爲接受施捨的被動者,

who want to solve their own problems

而是社會變革的醇媒體

and make their own decisions.

一些希望解決自身問題

We leave our money for 10 to 15 years,

作出自我決定的人。

and when we get it back, we invest in other innovations

我們將資金投放出去10~15年,

that focus on change.

收到回報後, 再投資去促進創新

I know it works.

將焦點放在社會變革。

We've invested more than 50 million dollars in 50 companies,

我知道這是行得通的。