political cartoonist.

所以,是的,我是個漫畫家--

I don't know if you've heard about it -- newspapers?

畫報紙上政治諷刺漫畫的漫畫家

It's a sort of paper-based reader.

不知道各位知不知道報紙這東西

(Laughter)

他是種印在紙上的讀物

It's lighter than an iPad,

(笑)

it's a bit cheaper.

他比iPad要來的輕

You know what they say?

也比較便宜

They say the print media is dying --

你知道嗎,現在很多人在說

who says that? Well, the media.

說印刷業正在凋零

But this is no news, right?

但是是誰這麼說的?是媒體自己

You've read about it already.

不過,這已經不是新聞了,對吧?

(Laughter)

大家都已經讀過了

Ladies and gentlemen,

[印刷業正在凋零/這我昨天就在網路上讀過了](笑)

the world has gotten smaller.

各位先生女士們

I know it's a cliche, but look,

這個世界變得越來越小

look how small,

我知道這很老掉牙,但你們看,

how tiny it has gotten.

看,那麼小

And you know the reason why, of course.

它變的多微小

This is because of technology -- yeah.

而你也知道為什麼它會變成這樣,當然,

(Laughter)

是因為科技

Any computer designers in the room?

(笑)

Yeah well,

這裡有哪位是做電腦設計師的嗎?

you guys are making my life miserable

恩,好吧,

because track pads used to be round,

你們害我好難工作,

a nice round shape.

因為觸控板以前都是圓的,

That makes a good cartoon.

方便的圓形,

But what are you going to do with a flat track pad,

很適合用來當漫畫題材.

those square things?

可是現在 你要我怎麼用平平的觸控板搞笑?

There's nothing I can do as a cartoonist.

用那些方方的東西?

Well, I know the world is flat now.

以我一個漫畫家而言這完全不能拿來用

That's true.

好啦,我知道現在世界是平的

And the Internet has reached

這是真的

every corner of the world,

而網路也已經遍及

the poorest, the remotest places.

全世界各個角落

Every village in Africa now has a cyber cafe.

甚至觸及最窮困最偏遠的地方

(Laughter)

隨便一個非洲村落現在都有網路咖啡店

Don't go asking for a Frappuccino there.

[網路咖啡廳/不供應咖啡](笑)

So we are bridging the digital divide.

可別去那裏點星冰樂

The Third World is connected,

所以,我們正在彌補數位差距

we are connected.

第三世界連上了網路

And what happens next?

我們也連上網路

Well, you've got mail.

那麼接下來會發生什麼事呢?

Yeah.

於是,你收到新郵件[第三世界現在也上線囉!/郵件:我好餓!]

Well, the Internet has empowered us.

是的

It has empowered you,

網路賦予我們力量

it has empowered me

他給了你力量,

and it has empowered some other guys as well.

給了我力量,

(Laughter)

也給了其他的某些人力量

You know, these last two cartoons --

(笑)

I did them live

你知道,剛才這兩幅漫畫,

during a conference in Hanoi.

是我在河內的漫畫大會上

And they were not used to that

現場畫的

in communist 2.0 Vietnam.

而在那個還在用共產黨政府2.0的越南,

(Laughter)

他們不太習慣畫這種諷刺漫畫

So I was cartooning live on a wide screen --

(笑)

it was quite a sensation --

我做畫的實況當時被放送到大螢幕上,

and then this guy came to me.

得到了不少好評

He was taking pictures of me and of my sketches,

那之後有一個人跑來找我

and I thought, "This is great, a Vietnamese fan."

他幫我和我的畫拍照

And as he came the second day,

我以為"太好了,我有了一個越南畫迷"

I thought, "Wow, that's really a cartoon lover."

他第二天也有來,

And on the third day, I finally understood,

我想"哇,他真是一個熱情的漫畫迷"

the guy was actually on duty.

直到第三天,我才發現

So by now, there must be a hundred pictures of me

這傢伙其實是在執行任務

smiling with my sketches

所以現在,他大概有上百張我

in the files of the Vietnamese police.

跟我的畫微笑的照片

(Laughter)

儲存在越南警方的檔案庫裡

No, but it's true: the Internet has changed the world.

(笑)

It has rocked the music industry;

不,但這是真的:網路改變了世界

it has changed the way we consume music.

網路也動搖了整個音樂產業

For those of you old enough to remember,

它改變了我們消費音樂的方式

we used to have to go to the store

我們之中一些年紀比較大的人會記得,

to steal it.

我們以前會需要去店舖裡才能夠,

(Laughter)

偷音樂

And it has changed the way

[網路改變了音樂/以前都必須去唱片行才偷的了](笑)

your future employer

網路也改變了

will look at your application.

未來你的雇主們

So be careful

審查你的就業申請的方式

with that Facebook account --

所以請小心

your momma told you, be careful.

你那個臉書帳戶

And technology has set us free --

你媽媽告訴過你,小心哪

this is free WiFi.

科技也讓我們自由

But yeah, it has liberated us

這是免費無線網路的標誌

from the office desk.

不過,真的,它將我們

This is your life,

從辦公桌前解放

enjoy it.

這是你的生活

(Laughter)

好好的享受它吧

In short, technology, the internet,

(笑)

they have changed our lifestyle.

簡而言之,科技,網路

Tech guru, like this man --

它們改變了我們的生活習慣

that a German magazine called the philosopher of the 21st century --

科技大師,像是這位--

they are shaping the way we do things.

這個被德國雜誌封為二十一世紀的哲學家的人--

They are shaping the way we consume.

他們塑造了我們辦事的方式[蘋果電腦創辦人: 史提夫·賈伯斯]

They are shaping our very desires.

他們塑造了我們的消費模式

(Laughter)

和我們的慾望

(Applause)

[這會幫助你簡化許多以前根本就不用做的工作](笑)

You will not like it.

(鼓掌)

And technology has even changed

你不會喜歡的

our relationship to God.

科技甚至也改變了

(Laughter)

我們與神之間的關係

Now I shouldn't get into this.

[神父大人,我犯了罪.../(google中)恩我知道](笑)

Religion and political cartoons,

噢我不該討論這個的

as you may have heard,

宗教跟政治諷刺漫畫,

make a difficult couple,

就如同你們可能聽說過的,

ever since that day of 2005,

他們一直是對冤家

when a bunch of cartoonists in Denmark

自從2005年的某一天開始,

drew cartoons that had repercussions all over the world --

當一群丹麥漫畫家

demonstrations, fatwa,

畫了一些在全世界造成激烈反應的漫畫

they provoked violence. People died in the violence.

示威遊行,伊斯蘭教令裁決

This was so sickening;

他們引起暴力,許多人們便死於這些暴力

people died because of cartoons.

這真是令人惶恐難受

I mean --

人竟然因漫畫而死

I had the feeling at the time

我的意思是--

that cartoons had been used by both sides, actually.

我那個時候就覺得

They were used first by a Danish newspaper,

其實,漫畫都被雙方利用過

which wanted to make a point on Islam.

它們被用在丹麥報紙上

A Danish cartoonist told me he was one of the 24

指責伊斯蘭教

who received the assignment to draw the prophet --

有個漫畫家告訴我他是那24個

12 of them refused. Did you know that?

接到報社要求畫伊斯蘭先知的漫畫家的其中一位

He told me, "Nobody has to tell me what I should draw.

但其中12位都拒絕了.這你知道嗎?

This is not how it works."

他說"沒有人可以命令我該畫什麼,

And then, of course, they were used

漫畫不是這樣畫的"

by extremists and politicians on the other side.

當然,漫畫也被另一方的

They wanted to stir up controversy.

激進分子和政治家使用過

You know the story.

他們想要掀起一番爭議

We know that cartoons can be used as weapons.

故事大家都知道不用我贅述

History tells us,

漫畫可以被用作為武器

they've been used by the Nazis

歷史告訴我們,

to attack the Jews.

漫畫就曾是納粹

And here we are now.

用來攻擊猶太人的武器

In the United Nations,

而現在,

half of the world is pushing

在聯合國

to penalize the offense to religion --

半數的國家都在推動

they call it the defamation of religion --

對侮辱宗教的處罰--

while the other half of the world is fighting back

他們稱此為反對宗教詆毀案--

in defense of freedom of speech.

與此同時另一半的世界

So the clash of civilizations is here,

正在為了保護言論自由而反擊

and cartoons are at the middle of it?

於是我們有了文明衝突

This got me thinking.

而在這戰火正中央的竟然是漫畫?

Now you see me thinking

這逼得我思考

at my kitchen table,

我思考著

and since you're in my kitchen,

坐在我家廚房餐桌前

please meet my wife.

既然你已經進了我家廚房,

(Laughter)

那也見見我太太吧

In 2006, a few months after,

[我在尋找我人生的意義/你要不要google看看](笑)

I went Ivory Coast --

2006年,幾個月之後,

Western Africa.

我去到西非的--

Now, talk of a divided place -- the country was cut in two.

象牙海岸

You had a rebellion in the North,

這是個面臨分裂的國家,一個國家切成兩半

the government in the South -- the capital, Abidjan --

反抗軍位於北部,

and in the middle, the French army.

政府位於南方--首都,阿比讓--

This looks like a giant hamburger.

在中間的則是法國軍隊

You don't want to be the ham in the middle.

這看起來像個巨型漢堡

I was there to report on that story

你不會想當那夾在中央的火腿肉的

in cartoons.

我到那裏是為了報導一則故事

I've been doing this for the last 15 years;

透過漫畫

it's my side job, if you want.

我做這個工作已經十五年了

So you see the style is different.

可以說,這是我的兼職

This is more serious than maybe editorial cartooning.

我用的畫風也和平常不太一樣

I went to places like Gaza

畫的比報紙社上的論漫畫來的嚴肅些

during the war in 2009.

我也去過像是加薩走廊

So this is really journalism in cartoons.

當時正值2009年戰爭時期

You'll hear more and more about it.

所以這其實是用漫畫在報導新聞

This is the future of journalism, I think.

以後這會變得很常見

And of course, I went to see the rebels in the north.

我覺得這是新聞未來的走向

Those were poor guys fighting for their rights.

當然我也去採訪了象牙海岸北部的反抗軍

There was an ethnic side to this conflict

這群貧困的人為了自身的權利戰鬥著

as very often in Africa.

這場衝突跟很多其他非洲的衝突一樣

And I went to see the Dozo.

和族裔之間的問題有關

The Dozo, they are the traditional hunters

我去見了Dozo人

of West Africa.

Dozo人是西非的

People fear them --

傳統獵人

they help the rebellion a lot.

大家都怕他們

They are believed to have magical powers.

他們經常幫助反抗軍

They can disappear and escape bullets.

並且被視為擁有魔力

I went to see a Dozo chief;

可以隨意消失,也能躲避子彈

he told me about his magical powers.

我去和一位Dozo領袖會面

He said, "I can chop your head off right away

他和我介紹他的魔力

and bring you back to life."

他說"我現在可以馬上砍掉你的頭

I said, "Well, maybe we don't have time for this right now."

隨後讓你復活"

(Laughter)

我說"好吧,可是我想現在我們應該沒空做這個"

"Another time."

(笑)

So back in Abidjan,

"下次吧"

I was given a chance to lead a workshop

回到阿比讓,

with local cartoonists there

我得到了一個在工作坊

and I thought, yes,

指導當地漫畫家的機會

in a context like this, cartoons can really be used as weapons

我想,是的

against the other side.

在這樣的大環境之下,漫畫極有可能

I mean, the press in Ivory Coast was bitterly divided --

成為對付另一方的武器

it was compared to the media in Rwanda

我的意思是,象牙海岸的媒體分裂成敵對的兩邊

before the genocide --

有人將他們兩邊的關係和

so imagine.

大屠殺之前的盧安達媒體相提並論

And what can a cartoonist do?

就請各位想像一下

Sometimes editors would tell their cartoonists

那麼在這種情況下漫畫家能怎麼辦?

to draw what they wanted to see,

有時候編輯會命令漫畫家

and the guy has to feed his family, right?

照著編輯的想法畫漫畫

So the idea was pretty simple.

但漫畫家也不會反抗,畢竟他必須養家餬口

We brought together cartoonists

我的想法很簡單

from all sides in Ivory Coast.

我們將所有站在各種立場的象牙海岸漫畫家

We took them away from their newspaper for three days.

聚集起來

And I asked them to do a project together,

帶他們離開報社影響三天

tackle the issues affecting their country

請他們一起完成一份作業

in cartoons, yes, in cartoons.

用漫畫解決他們的國家正在面臨的種種問題

Show the positive power of cartoons.

是的,用漫畫

It's a great tool of communication

展現漫畫的正向力量

for bad or for good.

漫畫是個很好的溝通工具

And cartoons can cross boundaries,

不論用於傳達的訊息是好是壞

as you have seen.

漫畫有跨越藩籬力量

And humor is a good way, I think,

我們都見識過

to address serious issues.

我認為幽默也是個面對嚴肅問題

And I'm very proud of what they did.

之時很好的態度

I mean, they didn't agree with each other -- that was not the point.

我為這些漫畫家最後的成果感到驕傲

And I didn't ask them to do nice cartoons.

他們並沒有同意互相的論點--那不是意義所在

The first day, they were even shouting at each other.

我也沒有請他們畫故作融洽的漫畫

But they came up with a book,

第一天的時候他們甚至大吵了一架

looking back at 13 years

但最終他們完成了一本書

of political crisis in Ivory Coast.

回顧這過去十三年來

So the idea was there.

象牙海岸所經歷過的政治危機

And I've been doing projects like this,

所以這個想法便誕生了

in 2009 in Lebanon,

我一直在做像這樣的工作

this year in Kenya, back in January.

2009年在黎巴嫩

In Lebanon, it was not a book.

今年的一月份,則是在肯亞

The idea was to have --

在黎巴嫩,最後的成果不是本書

the same principal, a divided country --

我們的理念是讓--

take cartoonists from all sides

一樣的原理, 一個分裂的國家--

and let them do something together.

聚集起所有不同立場的漫畫家

So in Lebanon,

讓他們一起做些什麼

we enrolled the newspaper editors,

在黎巴嫩

and we got them to publish

我們招收報紙編輯們

eight cartoonists from all sides all together on the same page,

讓他們幫忙出版

addressing the issue affecting Lebanon,

八位來自不同政治立場漫畫家的漫畫印在同一個報紙版面上

like religion in politics and everyday life.

探討影響黎巴嫩的時事

And it worked.

例如政治裡的宗教和人民的日常生活

For three days, almost all the newspapers of Beirut

它成功了

published all those cartoonists together --

三天以來,幾乎所有貝魯特的報紙

anti-government,

都一起印了那些漫畫--

pro-government,

反政府的,

Christian,

支持政府的,

Muslim, of course,

基督教的,

English-speaking, well, you name it.

當然也有伊斯蘭教的,

So this was a great project.

英文報紙,只要你說得出來的報紙,通通都有

And then in Kenya, what we did

這是個很傑出的企劃

was addressing the issue of ethnicity,

之後在肯亞,我們做的

which is a poison in a lot of places in Africa.

則是審視族群問題

And we did video clips --

這個問題侵害非洲很多地方猶如毒藥一般

you can see them if you go to YouTube/Kenyatoons.

我們做了一些短片

So, preaching for freedom of speech

如果你想觀賞它們的話,請上YouTube/ Kenya Tunes.

is easy here,

所以,雖然為言論自由發聲

but as you have seen

在這裡是件簡單的事情

in contexts of repression or division,

可是,就像你看到的

again, what can a cartoonist do?

在充滿壓迫或是歧見的地方

He has to keep his job.

我們要再次問到, 漫畫家能做什麼?

Well I believe that in any context anywhere,

他必須保全他的工作

he always has the choice at least

我相信在任何的環境任何的地方

not to do a cartoon

他至少隨時都可以選擇

that will feed hatred.

不去畫一篇

And that's the message I try to convey to them.

會餵養憎恨的漫畫

I think we all always have the choice in the end

這就是我想要向他們傳達的理念

not to do the bad thing.

我相信我們最終都有這一個選項

But we need to support

不去做壞事

these [unclear], critical

可是我們也需要支持

and responsible voices

這些[不清晰],關鍵性的

in Africa, in Lebanon,

負責任的聲音

in your local newspaper,