is project something on the screen of your imagination.

現在我要做的是

We're in 17th century Japan

讓你們想像出這樣一個畫面

on the west coast,

我們身處17世紀的日本

and a little, wizened monk

在西海岸

is hurrying along, near midnight,

一個矮小、枯瘦的和尚

to the crest of a small hill.

在午夜匆忙地趕路

He arrives on the small hill,

要到一座小山的山頂去

dripping with water.

當他到達山上時

He stands there,

汗流浹背

and he looks across at the island, Sado.

他矗立在那兒

And he scans across the ocean, and he looks at the sky.

環視著佐渡島

Then he says to himself, very quietly,

他四顧海面，仰望星空

"[Turbulent the sea,]

輕聲對自己說

[Stretching across to Sado]

“怒海涌銀河

[The Milky Way]."

流來佐渡島”

Basho was a brilliant man.

（荒海や 佐渡によこたふ 天の河）

He said more with less

松尾芭蕉（日本著名的俳句師）是個偉大的人

than any human

在我讀到過或看到過的文字中

that I have ever read or talked to.

他能用最簡練的語言

Basho, in 17 syllables,

傳達出更多的東西

juxtaposed

芭蕉用17個音節

a turbulent ocean

列舉了

driven by a storm now past,

風暴剛止後的

and captured the almost

洶湧大海

impossible beauty

並最大限度地把握了

of our home galaxy

我們銀河家園

with millions of stars,

的美麗之處

probably hundreds and hundreds of -- who knows how many -- planets,

裏面點綴了無數繁星

maybe even an ocean

還有成千上萬的-誰知道有多少呢-行星

that we will probably call Sylvia in time.

可能還有一片海洋

As he was nearing his death,

在當時被稱為西利維亞（Sylvia）

his disciples and followers

當他不久于人世的時候

kept asking him,

他的弟子和信徒

"What's the secret?

不停追問他：

How can you

“您有什麽秘訣嗎？

make haiku poems so beautiful so easily?"

您有什麽能力才能

And toward the end, he said,

把俳句寫的如此簡單而又美麗？

"If you would know the pine tree,

臨終前，他說：

go to the pine tree."

“欲知松

That was it.

先問松”

(Laughter)

僅此而已

Sylvia has said we must use

（笑聲）

every capacity we have

西利維亞說

in order to know the oceans.

我們應該傾盡全力

If we would know the oceans,

來瞭解海洋。

we must go to the oceans.

如果我們想瞭解海洋，

And what I'd like to talk to you today about, a little bit,

那我們必須走進海洋。

is really transforming

今天想和大家聊的內容有部份是關於

the relationship, or the interplay,

變革

between humans and oceans

人類和海洋之間的關係

with a new capability

或者說是相互作用

that is not at all routine yet.

用新的能力

I hope it will be.

還不是常規的技術來實現

There are a few key points.

我希望這能成真

One of them is the oceans are central

這是一些關鍵點

to the quality of life on earth.

其中一點是“海洋在

Another is that there are bold, new ways

地球生物的生活質量中占中心地位

of studying oceans

另一點是:用可靠又創新的方式

that we have not used well yet.

來研究海洋

And the last is that these bold, new ways

而之前我們未曾使用過

that we are exploring

最後一點是：我們作為一個集體來

as a community

使用這些開拓性的新方法

will transform the way we look at our planet, our oceans,

來探索海洋

and eventually how we manage

將會改變我們看待我們的行星、我們的海洋的方式

probably the entire planet, for what it's worth.

最終，無論如何

So what scientists do when they begin

還將影響我們管理整個星球的方式

is to start with the system.

科學家們首先

They define what the system is.

從這個系統開始

The system isn't Chesapeake Bay.

他們對它下了定義

It's not the Kuril arc. It's not even the entire Pacific.

這個系統不是切薩皮克灣

It's the whole planet,

也不是Caro Arc，甚至也不是整個太平洋

the entire planet, continents and oceans together.

它是整個行星

That's the system.

整個地球，包括陸地和海洋

And basically, our challenge

那就是這個系統

is to optimize the benefits

基本上，我们所面臨的挑戰

and mitigate the risks

在於如何優化利益

of living on a planet that's driven by only two processes,

和減少住在一顆

two sources of energy,

只靠兩種產能方式驅動的星球上的風險

one of which is solar,

這兩種能量

that drives the winds, the waves,

一個是太陽

the clouds, the storms and photosynthesis.

它帶來了風、潮汐、

The second one is internal energy.

雲、風暴和光合作用

And these two war against one another

另一種是內能

almost continuously.

這兩種能量互相抗衡

Mountain ranges, plate tectonics,

互相影響著

moves the continents around, forms ore deposits.

山脈，大陸板塊

Volcanoes erupt.

移動了大洲，形成礦層

That's the planet that we live on.

火山爆發

It's immensely complex.

我們就生活在這樣一顆星球上

Now I don't expect all of you to see all the details here,

面臨極端複雜的環境

but what I want you to see is

現在，不用所有人都看到這張圖裡所有的細節

this is about 10 percent

我想讓你們知道的是

of the processes that operate within

這個過程中大概有10%

the oceans almost continuously,

是發生在海洋裡

and have for the last 4 billion years.

它們幾乎不間斷地

This is a system that's been around a very long time.

持續了40億年

And these have all co-evolved.

這個系統緣來已久

What do I mean by that?

它們在進化中協同作用

They interact with one another constantly.

什麼意思呢

All of them interact with one another.

它們彼此之間持續地相互作用

So the complexity of this system that we're looking at,

每個部份都和其他部份互相作用

the one driven by the sun --

所以我們研究的正是這個系統的複雜性

upper portion, mostly --

太陽推動的

and the lower portion is partly driven

上部比較大的能量

by the input from heat below

以及下面部分較小那一部份能量

and by other processes.

由地下熱能

This is very, very important

和其他產能方式驅動

because this is the system, this is the crucible,

這個非常、非常重要

out of which life on the planet came,

因為這顆星球上的生命就出自

and it's now time for us to understand it.

這個系統，這個立方體

We must understand it.

現在是我們理解它的時候

That's one of the themes that Sylvia reminds us about:

我們必須理解它

understand this ocean of ours,

這是西利維亞提醒我們的

this basic life support system,

理解我們的海洋

the dominant life support system on the planet.

這個基本的生命支持系統

Look at this complexity here.

地球上最重要的生命支持系統

This is only one variable.

看看這幅複雜的圖

If you can see the complexity,

這裡只有一個變量

you can see how

如果你看得出它有多複雜

tiny, little eddies

如果你能看到這些

and large eddies and the motion --

小潮汐

this is just sea surface temperature,

和大潮汐，還有它們的運動

but it's immensely complicated.

這僅是海洋的表面溫度

Now a layer in,

但已經非常複雜

the other two or three hundred processes

現在加上一層

that are all interacting,

其他兩百或三百種進程

partly as a function of temperature, partly as a function of all the other factors,

它們都互相作用著

and you've got a really complicated system.

一部份受到溫度的影響，一部份受到其他因素的影響

That's our challenge, is to understand,

你就知道這個系統有多複雜了

understand this system in new and phenomenal ways.

這也是我們理解的挑戰

And there's an urgency to this.

理解這個系統，以及它的非凡之處

Part of the urgency comes from the fact

現在這點可是當務之急

that, of order, a billion people on the planet currently

緊急的原因之一是

are undernourished or starving.

這個星球上有十億人

And part of the issue

缺乏營養或在飢餓中

is for Cody --

這個問題有一部份

who's here,

是因為科迪

16 years old --

他在現場

and I have permission to relay this number.

16歲

When he, 40 years from now,

公開這個數字我是得到了許可的

is the age of Nancy Brown,

過了40年後

there are going to be

當他和南希·布朗（攝影師）同齡時

another two and a half billion people on the planet.

這個星球上將會增加

We can't solve all the problems

另外25億人

by looking only at the oceans,

通過海洋，我們不能

but if we don't understand

解決所有問題

the fundamental life support system of this planet

但如果我們對

much more thoroughly than we do now,

這個星球的基本生命支持系統

then the stresses that we will face,

不能理解的更透徹的話

and that Cody will face,

那我們將要面對的壓力

and even Nancy, who's going to live till she's 98,

科迪將會面對的壓力

will have really problems coping.

以及南希--她活到98歲時--面對的壓力

All right, let's talk about another perspective

就很棘手了

on the importance of the oceans.

好了，讓我們談談另一方面

Look at this diagram, which is showing

海洋的重要性

warm waters in red,

看看這張圖樣，上面

cool waters in blue,

紅色表示暖水區

and on the continents, what you're seeing in bright green,

藍色表示冷水區

is the growth of vegetation,

在陸地區域，看見的亮綠色

and in olive green, the dieback of vegetation.

表示植物的生長

And in the lower left hand corner there's a clock ticking away

深綠色，表示植物的頹敗

from 1982 to 1998

左下角有一個時鐘在走動

and then cycling again.

從1982年到1998年

What you'll see is that the rhythms

然後重頭開始

of growth, of vegetation --

你們所看見的是節奏

a subset of which is food on the continents --

植物--在陸地上的一個重要

is directly tied to the rhythms

食物來源--的生長

of the sea surface temperatures.

和海洋表面溫度的節奏

The oceans control,

是直接聯繫在一起的

or at least significantly influence,

海洋控制

correlate with,

或說是顯著的

the growth patterns and the drought patterns

影響了

and the rain patterns on the continents.

陸地上植物的生長模式，旱季模式

So people in Kansas, in a wheat field in Kansas,

以及雨季的模式

need to understand that the oceans

所以在肯薩斯州麥田裡的人們

are central to them as well.

也必須理解海洋

Another complexity: this is the age of the oceans.

對他們來說至關重要

I'm going to layer in on top of this

另一個很複雜的是：海洋的年齡

the tectonic plates.

我要在上面放上一張

The age of the ocean, the tectonic plates,

地殼板塊的圖

gives rise to a totally new phenomenon

海洋的年齡，地殼板塊

that we have heard about

顯示出一個全新的現象

in this conference.

在這個會議上

And I share with you some very high-definition video

我們也聽過了

that we collected in real time.

我要和你們分享一段高清晰的視頻

Seconds after this video was taken,

是我們實時收集的

people in Beijing,

這個視頻一拍出來

people in Sydney, people in Amsterdam,

在北京的人

people in Washington D.C. were watching this.

在雪梨，在阿姆斯特丹的人

Now you've heard of hydrothermal vents,

在華盛頓的人們都能看到

but the other discovery

你們都知道溫泉

is that deep below the sea floor,

但是另一個發現

there is vast reservoir of microbial activity,

是海底深處

which we have only just discovered

存在含大量微生物的水池

and we have almost no way to study.

我們也是剛剛發現

Some people have estimated

還無從下手研究

that the biomass

有人估計

tied up in these microbes

那些生活在

living in the pours and the cracks

海底的瀑布和缝隙裡

of the sea floor and below

的微生物

rival the total amount of living biomass

的生物量

at the surface of the planet.

超過地球表面的

It's an astonishing insight,

所有生物量總量

and we have only found out about this recently.

這個見解相當驚人

This is very, very exciting.

是我們不久前才剛剛發現的

It may be the next rainforest,

這非常、非常振奮人心

in terms of pharmaceuticals.

用製藥學的說法來比喻的話

We know little or nothing about it.

這就是下一個熱帶雨林

Well, Marcel Proust has this wonderful saying

對此我們知之甚少，或者可說一無所知

that, "The real voyage of discovery

馬塞爾·普魯斯特曾說過一句妙語

consists not so much in seeking new territory,

“真正的發現之旅

but possibly in having new sets of eyes,"

不是發現新的世界

new ways of seeing things,

而是擁有新的視野

a new mindset.

新的眼光

And many of you remember

新的角度

the early stages of oceanography,

很多人應該還記得

when we had to use what we had at our fingertips.

海洋學發展初期的情況

And it wasn't easy. It wasn't easy in those days.

我們所擁有的工具極其有限

Some of you remember this, I'm sure.

那個時代非常艱難

And now, we have an entire suite of tools

我知道這里有人還歷歷在目，我很確定

that are really pretty powerful --

現在，我們有了一整套工具

ships, satellites, moorings.

它們非常好用--

But they don't quite cut it. They don't quite give us what we need.

船隻，人造衛星，繫泊工具

And the program that I wanted to talk to you about

但它們的作用有限，并沒有給我們很多我們想要的東西

just a little bit here,

我這裡提到的只不過是

was funded, and it involves autonomous vehicles

已經投入資金研究的項目的冰山一角

like the one running across the base of this image.

包括無人駕駛交通工具

Modeling: on the right hand side,

就像畫面底部移動的這個

there's a very complex computational model.

右邊是模型構建

On the left hand side, there's a new type of mooring,

這是一個複雜的計算機模型

which I'll show you in just a second.

左邊是一個新型的繫泊工具

And on the basis

過一會我會展示給你們看

of several points,

基於

the oceans are complex, and they're central to the life on earth.

這幾個要點

They are changing rapidly, but not predictably.

海洋非常複雜，它們是地球生命的中心

And the models that we need to predict the future

它們瞬息萬變，又不可預測

do not have enough data to refine them.

我們用來進行預報的模型

The computational power

還沒有積累足夠的數據來完善

is amazing.

計算機的力量

But without data, those models

是驚人的

will never ever be predicted.

但沒有數據，這些模型

And that's what we really need.

也無法進行預測

For a variety of reasons they're dangerous,

這是我們真正需要的

but we feel that OOI,

由於各種各樣的原因，它們很危險

this Ocean Observatory Initiative,

但我們認為OOI

which the National Science Foundation

海洋觀測站計劃（Ocean Observatory Initiative）

has begun to fund,

它是由美國國家科學基金會

has the potential to really transform things.

主持開展的

And the goal of the program is to

它具有改變現狀的可能

launch an era of scientific discovery

這個項目的目標在於

and understanding

打開一個

across and within the ocean basins,

科學地探索、瞭解

utilizing widely accessible,

海洋盆地和其中奧妙的新紀元

interactive telepresence.

它充分利用

It's a new world.

互動式遠程監控技術

We will be present throughout

這是一個嶄新的世界

the volume of the ocean, at will,

我們將能

communicating in real time.

任意呈現出海洋

And this is what the system involves,

及實時進行交流

a number of sites in the southern hemisphere,

這就是這個系統的內容