Name: 【TED】喬爾-萊文。為什麼我們需要回到火星（Joel Levine：為什麼我們需要回到火星）。 (【TED】Joel Levine: Why we need to go back to Mars (Joel Levine: Why we need to go back to Mars))
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T07:26:11.000Z
Duration: 16 min 43 s

I want to talk about 4.6 billion years of history

Let's start with the first photograph NASA obtained

換算下來我一分鐘大約要跨越三億年。

The New York Times, wrote in its editorial,

紐約時報知名的科學期刊的社論中寫到:

any time or effort studying Mars anymore."

一片死寂，太空總署不應該花時間精力

幸運的是當時華盛頓的領袖以及

太空總署的總部比較瞭解狀況。

所以我們開始對這顆紅色的星球

One of the key questions in all of science,

在科學領域當中,有一個非常關鍵的問題:

I believe that Mars is the most likely target

「地球以外是有否生命存在？」

我認為火星是最有可能是在地球以外

我會在接下來的幾分鐘內向大家展示

But let me start with a Viking photograph.

This is a composite taken by Viking in 1976.

但讓我首先說說這幅由維京1號拍攝的照片。

這是一幅在1976年由維京1號探測器所拍攝的合成照片。

維京1號是在太空總署的蘭利研究中心

We sent two orbiters and two landers in the summer of 1976.

我們在1976年的夏天發射了兩顆軌道探測器和登陸探測器。

我們有四艘宇宙飛船，兩艘環繞着火星,

在其他星球表面所拍攝的照片。

無錯，這個星球的確是紅色的。

but because two-thirds of the Earth is covered by water,

但是由於地球的表面三分之二都被水覆蓋着,

So, Mars is a pretty big place even though it's half the size.

We have obtained topographic measurements

因此儘管火星只有地球一半的大小，它還是一個很大的地方。

Mars has the largest volcano in the solar system,

在太陽系裡火星擁有最大的火山，

This is bigger than the state of Arizona.

Volcanoes are important, because volcanoes

produce atmospheres and they produce oceans.

製造大氣層，以至大氣層製造海洋。

superimposed on a map of the United States,

最臣型的大峽谷，水手號谷的照片，

One of the most intriguing features about Mars,

one of the 10 major mysteries of the space age,

火星其中一個耐人尋味的特徴，

一個在太空時代列入十大奧秘之一，

There are regions on Mars, where, for some reason --

the surface is very, very highly magnetized.

那些地區的地殼是那麼高磁性。

The answer is no, there is no liquid water

答案是沒有, 今時今日在火星上

that suggests that the early history of Mars

We believe there's some water in the polar caps,

there are polar caps of North Pole and South Pole.

我們相信在極地冰冠之處會有少量水份。

這幅是攝於精神號和機遇號上。

there was very fast flowing water on the surface of Mars.

這些照片顯示火星表面在某一個時期

Why is water important? Water is important

because if you want life you have to have water.

為什麼水是重要？水當然是重要，

in the evolution, the origin of life on a planet.

This is my favorite picture. This was just taken a few weeks ago.

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【TED】喬爾-萊文。為什麼我們需要回到火星（Joel Levine：為什麼我們需要回到火星）。 (【TED】Joel Levine: Why we need to go back to Mars (Joel Levine: Why we need to go back to Mars))

effort

evidence

impact

scale