Name: 【TED】Gary Lauder的新交通標誌：Take Turns。轉彎（Gary Lauder的新交通標誌：Take Turns）。 (【TED】Gary Lauder's new traffic sign: Take Turns (Gary Lauder's new traffic sign: Take Turns))
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T07:26:09.000Z
Duration: 4 min 55 s

現在進行式

so I'm going to have to talk fast, and it will

祈使句型

use up your spare mental cycles, so multitasking may be hard.

你們得專心一點，因為你很難再同時做別的事情了

Road design makes a difference, particularly intersections,

道路的設計非常重要，尤其是在十字路口

and unsignalized, which means stop signs.

有二種交通號誌：一種是紅綠燈號

Fifty percent of crashes happen at intersections.

一種是標誌，也就是“停”這個標誌

一項針對24個十字路口所做的研究發現

from when you convert a traffic light into a roundabout.

So, traffic keeps flowing, so that means less braking,

我們所浪費的時間和汽油又怎麼計算？

which means less accelerating, less gas and less pollution,

若交通一路順暢，就表示減少了煞車的機率

也減少了踩油門的機率，同時減少了汽油用量、減少空氣污染

and that partly accounts for Europe's better efficiency

這多少要歸功於歐洲的優良設計

meaning stop signs, they save many lives,

所以，沒有紅綠燈號的十字路口

but there's an excessive proliferation of them.

通常都設有“停”這個標誌，確保行車平安

Small roundabouts are starting to appear.

This is one in my neighborhood. And they are

much better -- better than traffic lights, better than four-way stop signs.

我覺得比紅綠燈好，也比四向都設“停”這個標誌來得好

but they are more expensive not to. So, we should look at that.

But they are not applicable in all situations.

但是不設置卻會付出更高的代價，讓我們看看以下的分析

So, take, for example, the three-way intersection.

這個分析並不適用於每一種狀況

So, it's logical that you'd have one there,

在次幹道要進入主幹道的路口上

But the other two are somewhat questionable.

So, here's one. There's another one which I studied.

但另外二個就還有一點討論空間

所以這裡有一個，那裡還有一個

And so, the question is, what does that cost us?

That intersection I looked at had about 3,000

所以我想到一個問題，我們到底為這些標誌付出多少成本？

我所研究的路口，每天每一個方向

and so that's two ounces of gas to accelerate out of.

That's five cents each, and times 3,000 cars per day,

每輛車需要2盎司的汽油才能再從停止狀態加速啟動

油錢大約是五分美金，乘上每天有3千輛車

That's just the gasoline cost. There is also pollution,

一年大約就要花掉美金5萬1千元

這只是油錢而已，還有空氣污染

that's 8.3 hours per day. The average wage in the U.S.

Add that together with the gas, and it's $112,000 per year,

美國的平均薪資是每小時20美金，一年下來就是6萬美金

再把油錢加上去，每年我們因為“停”這個標誌

Discount that back to the present, at five percent:

在一個方向的車流上就花掉11萬2千美金

我們再用5%的年利率折現成現值

在一個路口為雙向車流各設置一個“停”的標誌

Now, if you look at what that adjacent property is worth,

cut down the shrubbery to improve the sight line,

你大可以用這二百萬買下一塊地

砍掉附近的灌木叢改善一下視野

So, it makes one wonder, "Why is it there?"

I mean, why is there that stop sign in each direction?

這不禁讓人想問：“為什麼要這樣做？”

Because it is saving lives. So, is there a better way to accomplish that goal?

我的意思是，為什麼要在每一個方向都設置一個“停”的標誌？

就因為安全考量嗎？有沒有什麼別的方法可以達成這個目的？

答案是我們該確保從次幹道出來的車子

Because there are a lot of people who might live up there

and if they're waiting forever a long queue could form

because the cars aren't slowing down on the main road.

Can that be accomplished with existing signs?

那這些車子可能就會等上很久才能通過

So, there is a long history of stop signs and yield signs.

我們是否能用既有的交通標誌來解決這個問題呢？

我們可以考慮一下有悠久歷史的“停”和“讓”這二個標誌

yield signs in 1950. But that's all we got.

“讓”這個標誌則是在1950年，我們只有這二個選擇

Well the meaning of yield is: You must yield the right-of-way.

我們是否可以選擇使用“讓”這個標誌？

That means that if there are five cars waiting, you have to wait

讓的意思是：你必須禮讓用路的權利

till they all go, then you go. It lacks the notion

也就是說，若有五輛車已經等在那裡了

你必須等到他們都離開後，你才能走

So, it's hard to create a new meaning for the existing sign.

You couldn't suddenly tell everyone, "OK, remember

所以用既有的標誌很難表達出新的意義

what you used to do at yield signs? Now do something different."

你不能突然對大家說：還記得原來

“讓”這個標誌的涵義嗎？現在有不同的解釋哦

So, you'd have a little instruction below it,

you know, for those who didn't see the public service announcements.

And it merges the stop sign and yield signs.

讓那些從來不關心政府公告的人可以參考

It's kind of shaped like a T, as in taking turns.

這個標誌結合了“停”和“讓”這二個標誌

形狀就像個“T”，教大家要輪流通過

When people come to an unfamiliar situation they don't know how to deal with

而且在不確定的狀況下會讓人更加小心

當你看到一個不熟悉的標誌，又不知道該怎麼辦的時候

So, now that you are all "Road Scholars" ...

現在，你們都是“道路專家”了

don't wait for that sign to be adopted, these things don't change quickly.

不必等政府採用這個新標誌，因為改變沒有這麼快

【TED】Gary Lauder的新交通標誌：Take Turns。轉彎（Gary Lauder的新交通標誌：Take Turns）。 (【TED】Gary Lauder's new traffic sign: Take Turns (Gary Lauder's new traffic sign: Take Turns))

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【TED】Gary Lauder的新交通標誌：Take Turns。轉彎（Gary Lauder的新交通標誌：Take Turns）。 (【TED】Gary Lauder's new traffic sign: Take Turns (Gary Lauder's new traffic sign: Take Turns))

mental

situation

applause

present