Under a tree she saw a woman

有一天，一隻獨眼猴子來到了森林中。

meditating furiously.

在樹下，牠看見了一位女子

The one-eyed monkey recognized the woman, a Sekhri.

正在沉思冥想。

She was the wife of an even more famous Brahmin.

獨眼猴認出了這位女子，是一位剎帝利人。(註：剎帝利人在印度種姓制度中地位次高)

To watch her better, the one-eyed monkey climbed onto the tree.

她的丈夫是位有名的婆羅門。(註：婆羅門為印度種姓制度中地位最高者)

Just then, with a loud bang,

獨眼猴子爬上了樹以便更清楚的看看這位女子。

the heavens opened. (Claps)

就在這個時候，伴隨著一聲巨響，

And the god Indra jumped into the clearing.

天堂打開了。(拍手)

Indra saw the woman, a Sekhri.

天神因陀羅跳到了林中空地上。(註：因陀羅，印度吠陀經中眾神之首，為最強戰鬥之神；此神性易怒、縱酒慾、好美色。佛教經典中譯名為帝釋天。)

Ah-hah.

因陀羅看見了這個剎帝利女子。

The woman paid him no heed.

啊~哈~

So, Indra, attracted, threw her onto the floor,

女子並沒有注意到祂。

and proceeded to rape her.

因陀羅受到了女子吸引，祂把女子推倒在地，

Then Indra disappeared. (Clap! Clap!)

接著強暴了她。

And the woman's husband, the Brahmin, appeared.

之後因陀羅就消失了。(啪!啪!)

He realized at once what had happened.

隨後女子的婆羅門丈夫來到了這裡。

So, he petitioned the higher gods

他很快的了解到，剛剛發生了什麼事。

so that he may have justice.

於是他向更高階的神祇陳情控訴，

So, the god Vishnu arrived.

以還他公道。

"Are there any witnesses?"

因此，毗濕奴神現身了。(註：毗濕奴為印度教三相神之一，主掌「維護」，在印度神話中為保護之神。其中一個毗濕奴的化身曾三七二十一次殺光人間侵犯婆羅門利益的剎帝利人。)

"Just a one-eyed monkey," said the Brahmin.

有目擊證人嗎？

Now, the one-eyed monkey

「只有一隻獨眼猴子看到。」婆羅門回答。

really wanted for the woman, a Sekhri, to get justice,

獨眼猴子這時候

so she retold events exactly as they had happened.

真的很希望能幫這位剎帝利女子討回公道，

Vishnu gave his judgment.

所以，牠將整個事情經過詳細的講了一遍。

"The god Indra has sinned,

毗濕奴神做出了裁決。

in that he has sinned against ... a Brahmin.

「因陀羅神是有罪的。」

May he be called to wash away his sins."

「祂的罪行是對一位......婆羅門犯下的。」

So, Indra arrived,

「祂應該被叫回這裡洗清祂的罪。」

and performed the sacrifice of the horse.

於是，因陀羅現身了。

And so it transpired

並且以一匹馬作為贖罪的犧牲品。

that a horse was killed,

這個罪行就這樣煙消雲散了。

a god was made sin-free,

有一匹馬被殺了，

a Brahmin's ego was appeased,

有一位神祇的狂癲罪行得以贖罪，

a woman ... was ruined,

有一位婆羅門的尊嚴得到了安撫，

and a one-eyed monkey was left ...

有一個女人......被糟蹋了，

very confused at what we humans call justice.

然後留下一隻獨眼猴子......

In India there is a rape every three minutes.

牠非常地困惑，什麼是人類口中的正義？

In India, only 25 percent of rapes

在印度，每三分鐘發生一起強暴案。

come to a police station,

在印度，只有百分之二十五的強暴案件

and of these 25 percent that come to a police station,

有去報警，

convictions are only in four percent of the cases.

而在這有報警的百分之二十五之中，

That's a lot of women who don't get justice.

只有百分之四是受害者自己去報警。

And it's not only about women.

有非常多的女性沒有被公平正義的對待。

Look around you, look at your own countries.

而且這不只是跟女性有關。

There is a certain pattern in who gets charged with crimes.

看看你的四週，看看你自己的國家。

If you're in Australia, it's mostly aboriginals who are in jail.

在那些犯罪被起訴的人們之中可以發現特有的模式與族群。

If you're in India, it's either Muslims or Adivasis,

如果是在澳洲，那關在牢裡的人大部分是澳洲原住民。

our tribals, the Naxalites.

如果是在印度，那就是穆斯林或是印度原住民，

If you're in the U.S., it's mostly the blacks.

或我們的族人，Naxalites黨員。 (註：Naxalitism為活動於印度的共產主義。)

There is a trend here.

如果是在美國，那大多就是黑人。

And the Brahmins and the gods, like in my story,

從中可以看的到一個趨勢。

always get to tell their truth as The Truth.

而如同我故事中的婆羅門與天神們，

So, have we all become

總是能讓他們口中的「真相」成為現實真正的真相。

one-eyed -- two-eyed instead of one-eyed -- monkeys?

因此，是不是我們都成為了

Have we stopped seeing injustice?

獨眼的或是雙目健全的旁觀猴子？

Good morning.

是否我們對不公平、不正義的事已經視若無睹了？

(Applause)

早安。

You know, I have told this story

(掌聲)

close to 550 times,

你知道嗎，我已經說過這個故事

in audiences in 40 countries,

將近550次，

to school students, to black-tie dinners at the Smithsonian, and so on and so forth,

在四十幾個國家的觀眾面前，

and every time it hits something.

從學校裡的學生，到史密森尼博物館的高級禮服晚宴，諸如此類的。

Now, if I were to go into the same crowd

每一次，都打動了一些聽眾。

and say, "I want to lecture you about justice and injustice,"

不過如果當時我只是走向那群人

they would say, "Thank you very much, we have other things to do."

然後對他們說，「我想對你們闡述何謂正義與非正義。」

And that is the astonishing power of art.

他們會回我說：「非常謝謝你，不過我們有些別的事要忙。」

Art can go through where other things can't.

而用故事的形式就能夠打動聽眾就是因為來自藝術驚人的力量。

You can't have barriers, because it breaks through your prejudices,

藝術能夠直達人心到其他東西到不了的地方。

breaks through everything that you have as your mask,

你不會有任何障礙，因為藝術能打破所有偏見。

that says, "I am this, I am that, I am that."

打破所有你拿來當面具的東西。

No. It breaks through those.

那些會說，「我是這樣的，我是那樣的，我是那樣想的。」

And it reaches somewhere where other things don't.

不。藝術把他們全部打破。

And in a world where attitudes are so difficult to change,

並且抵達其他事物到不了的地方。

we need a language that reaches through.

而在這個很難改變人們態度的世界，

Hitler knew it; he used Wagner

我們需要一種能穿越並且抵達的語言。

to make all the Nazis feel wonderful and Aryan.

希特勒了解這件事；他利用了華格納的音樂

And Mr. Berlusconi knows it, as he sits atop

使納粹黨員感覺良好並懷著亞利安人的驕傲。

this huge empire of media and television and so on and so forth.

義大利總理貝爾魯斯康尼先生也知道這件事，他鎮坐在

And all of the wonderful creative minds who are in all the advertising agencies,

這巨大的媒體與電視帝國的最高處，諸如此類不勝枚舉。

and who help corporate sell us things we absolutely don't require,

以及所有擁有著豐富創造力的廣告人，

they also know the power of the arts.

這些人幫助公司銷售那些我們完全不需要的商品，

For me it came very early.

他們也全都了解這種藝術的力量。

When I was a young child, my mother, who was a choreographer,

對我自己而言，藝術的力量很早就發生在我眼前。

came upon a phenomenon that worried her.

那是我還是個小孩子，我的母親，她是一位編舞家，

It was a phenomenon where young brides

當時她很擔憂一個社會現象。

were committing suicide in rural Gujarat,

這社會現象發生在鄉下地方古及拉特，

because they were being forced to bring more and more money for their in-laws' families.

有許多年輕的新娘相繼自殺身亡。

And she created a dance piece which then Prime Minister Nehru saw.

因為她們被強迫要從娘家帶回更多更多的錢。

He came to talk to her and said, "What is this about?"

我母親因為這件事編了一支舞，之後尼赫魯總理看見了這支舞。

She told him and he set out the first inquiry

他走向我母親並問她：「這支舞是在說什麼？」

into what today we call Dowry Dance.

她告訴了總理，使得總理對這件事首次展開調查，

Imagine a dance piece

這就是我們今天稱之為「嫁妝之舞」的舞。

for the first inquiry into something

想像一支舞，

that even today kills thousands of women.

使得某社會事件開始被調查，

Many years later, when I was working with the director Peter Brook

即使直到今天這件事仍奪走上千婦女的性命。

in "The Mahabharata" playing this feisty feminine feminist

很多年以後，當我和彼德布魯克導演一起工作，

called Draupadi, I had similar experiences.

在《The Mahabharata》之中扮演一個火爆且有女人味的女性主義者

Big fat black mamas in the Bronx

叫做Draupadi，我仍有類似的經驗。

used to come and say, "Hey girl, that's it!"

出身於布朗克斯的黑人胖大娘

And then these trendy young things in the Sorbonne would say,

總是會上前然後說：「嘿!小妞，這樣就對了!」

"Madame Draupadi, on n'est pas feministe, mais ça? Ça!"

還有那些巴黎索邦大學的時髦年輕女孩們會說，

And then aboriginal women in Africa

「Draupadi夫人不會是個女權主義者，是吧？是吧!」

would come and say, "This is it!"

而來自非洲的原住民女性

And I thought, "This is what we need,

則會前來說，「就，是，這樣!」

as a language."

而我自己覺得：「這就是我們需要的，

We had somebody from public health. And Devdutt also mentioned public health.

一種共通的語言。」

Well, millions of people around the world die

我們有些來自於公共衛生領域的人員。Devdutt博士也有提到公共衛生的議題。

of waterborne disease every year.

嗯，每一年，世界上好幾百萬人

And that's because there is no clean water to drink,

死於因為以水為媒介傳播的疾病。

or in countries like India,

只是因為缺乏乾淨的飲用水，

people don't know that they need to soap their hands before defecation.

或是在像印度這樣的國家，

So, what do they do?

人們不知道在上完大號後得用肥皂洗手。

They drink the water they know is dirty,

那麼，他們到底做了什麼？

they get cholera, they get diarrhea, they get jaundice

他們喝下他們自己知道不乾淨的水，

and they die.

他們感染了霍亂，感染了瘧疾，感染了黃疸

And governments have not been able to provide clean water.

最後因此而死。

They try and build it. They try and build pipelines; it doesn't happen.

而政府還是沒有辦法提供乾淨的水源。

And the MNCs give them machines that they cannot afford.

政府試著做到這件事。政府試著建造輸水系統；卻無法實踐。

So what do you do? Do you let them die?

許多跨國企業提供的機器設備政府又負擔不起。

Well, somebody had a great idea.

那你該怎麼辦？你要眼睜睜的看著他們死去？

And it was a simple idea. It was an idea that could not profit anybody

嗯，有個傢伙想出了很好的解決之道。

but would help health in every field.

而且非常簡單。雖然這個解決之道沒辦法替任何人賺到錢，

Most houses in Asia and India

但是可以幫助所有地區的人更健康。

have a cotton garment.

在多數亞洲與印度的家中

And it was discovered, and WHO endorses this,

都會有件棉質的長袍。

that a clean cotton garment folded eight times over,

有人發現到，而且WHO世界衛生組織也同意這一點，

can reduce bacteria up to 80 percent from water sieved through.

將這乾淨的棉質長袍摺疊八次以上，

So, why aren't governments blaring this on television?

可以過濾掉水中百分之八十以上的細菌。

Why isn't it on every poster across the third world?

既然如此，為什麼政府不在電視上大力宣導這件事？

Because there is no profit in it.

為什麼不在第三世界國家的每張海報上做宣導？

Because nobody can get a kickback.

就因為做這件事沒有利益可圖。

But it still needs to get to people.

就因為沒有一個人能因此得到回扣。

And here is one of the ways we get it to people.

可是這仍然非常需要傳達給人民知道。

[Video] Woman: Then get me one of those fancy water purifiers.

而這裡，我們有一個可以讓民眾了解這件事的方法。

Man: You know how expensive those are.

【影像】女人：那就給我一個高級淨水器吧。

I have a solution that requires neither machine,

男人：你知道那些淨水器很貴的。

nor wood, nor cooking gas.

我知道一個不需要用到那些淨水器的好辦法，

Woman: What solution?

不用燒柴，也不用煮瓦斯。

Man: Listen, go fetch that cotton sari you have.

女人：什麼辦法？

Boy: Grand-dad, tell me the solution please.

男人：聽著，去把你那件棉質紗麗拿來。

Man: I will tell all of you. Just wait.

男孩：爺爺，拜託你告訴我這個辦法。

Woman: Here father. (Man: Is it clean?) Woman: Yes, of course.

男人：等等，我一定會跟你們全部都說的。

Man: Then do as I tell you. Fold the sari into eight folds.

女人：爸爸，紗麗在這。(男人：它是乾淨的嗎？)女人：當然是啊。

Woman: All right, father.

男人：接著按照我所說的。把紗麗對摺八次。

Man: And you, you count that she does it right. (Boy: All right, grand-dad.)

女人：沒問題，父親。

Man: One, two, three, four folds we make.

男人：還有你，你幫忙算她有沒有摺對。(男孩：好的，爺爺。)

All the germs from the water we take.

男人：一、二、三，我們摺了四次。

Chorus: One, two, three, four folds we make.

我們除掉了水中的病菌。

All the germs from the water we take.

歌隊：一、二、三，我們摺了四次。

Five, six, seven, eight folds we make.

我們除掉了水中的病菌。

Our drinking water safe we make.

五、六、七，我們摺了八次。

Five, six, seven, eight folds we make.

我們得到了乾淨的飲用水。

Our drinking water safe we make.

五、六、七，我們摺了八次。

Woman: Here, father, your eight-times folded cotton sari.

我們得到了乾淨的飲用水。

Man: So this is the cotton sari.

女人：爸爸，這是你要的對摺了八次的乾淨棉紗麗。

And through this we will have clean water.

男人：嗯，這就是我們需要的棉紗麗。

(Applause)

靠它我們就能得到乾淨的水了。

I think it's safe to say that all of us here

(掌聲)

are deeply concerned about the escalating violence in our daily lives.

我想，可以說我們在場的所有人

While universities are trying to devise courses in conflict resolution,

對於我們日常生活中日漸增加的暴力行為都相當關心。

and governments are trying to stop skirmishes at borders,

許多間大學正在嘗試開設有關於解決衝突之類的課程，

we are surrounded by violence, whether it's road rage,

也有許多政府嘗試著阻止邊境上的小規模戰爭，

or whether it's domestic violence,

我們的生活正被暴力包圍著，不論是行車糾紛，

whether it's a teacher beating up a student and killing her

或者是家暴事件，

because she hasn't done her homework, it's everywhere.

又或者是老師毆打學生甚至置之於死地

So, why are we not doing something

只是因為她功課沒寫完，到處都是這種事情。

to actually attend that problem on a day to day basis?

那麼，為什麼我們不做點什麼？

What are we doing to try and make children

在日常生活中確確實實的面對這些問題？

and young people realize

我們正試著讓孩子

that violence is something that we indulge in,

與年輕人了解到

that we can stop,

目前這個沉溺於暴力的狀態，

and that there are other ways of actually

我們是可以將它停止的，

taking violence, taking anger, taking frustrations

而且還有其他不同的方法能夠確實的

into different things that do not harm other people.

解決暴力、解決憤怒、解決挫折，

Well, here is one such way.

以不同於暴力的方法而且不會傷害到任何人。

(Video) (Laughs) You are peaceful people.

是的，這裡就有一個方法。

Your parents were peaceful people.

【影像】(笑聲)你是個平和的人。

Your grandparents were peaceful people.

你的父母都是平和的人。

So much peace in one place?

你的組父母也都是平和的人。

How could it be otherwise?

這麼多的平和集中在這裡？

(Music)

怎麼會有什麼其他可能呢？

But, what if ...

(音樂)

Yes. What if ...

但是，如果說......

One little gene in you

對。如果說......

has been trying to get through?

你體內的一點點小基因

From your beginnings in Africa,

試著想要傳承下去？

through each generation, may be passed on to you,

從你來自非洲最源頭的祖先身上，

in your creation. It's a secret urge, hiding deep in you.

穿越過一代又一代，或許就這樣在你被創造出來的時候，

And if it's in you, then it's in me too. Oh, dear.

傳到了你身上。一股隱密的衝動，深深藏在你體內。

It's what made you smack your baby brother,

如果說你身體裡有這東西，那就代表我也有。喔，親愛的，

stamp on a cockroach, scratch your mother.

就是這玩意兒讓你痛扁你的小弟，

It's the feeling that wells up from deep inside,

踩扁一隻蟑螂、抓傷你媽媽。

when your husband comes home drunk and you wanna tan his hide.

這種感覺從你內心深處慢慢的浮現，

Want to kill that cyclist on the way to work,

讓你看到你老公喝得醉醺醺的回到家時想痛揍他一頓。

and string up your cousin 'cause she's such a jerk. Oh, dear.

讓你在趕去上班的路上想殺光那些腳踏車騎士，

And as for outsiders, white, black or brown,

讓你想把那個混蛋表姊狠狠勒死。喔，親愛的。

tar and feather them, and whip them out of town.

至於那些外來者，不論白人、黑人、咖啡色皮膚的人，

It's that little gene. It's small and it's mean.

最好把他們灑滿柏油後黏上羽毛，然後一路鞭打到滾出我們的小鎮。

Too small for detection, it's your built-in protection.

就是這個小小的基因。就是這麼微小又這麼凶狠。

Adrenaline, kill. It'll give you the will.

這就是你內建的防衛機制，微小的難以察覺。

Yes, you'd better face it 'cause you can't displace it.

腎上腺訴、殺意。就是它給了你這樣的慾望。

You're V-I-O-L-E-N-T.

嗯哼，你最好面對它，因為你永遠都移除不掉它。

Cause you're either a victim, or on top, like me.

你就是「ㄅㄠ四聲、ㄌㄧ四聲」（暴力）的。

Goodbye, Abraham Lincoln.

因為你要麼就是成為它的犧牲者，不然就是像我一樣，超越它。

Goodbye, Mahatma Gandhi.

再見了，亞伯拉罕林肯。

Goodbye, Martin Luther King.

再見了，聖雄甘地。

Hello, gangs from this neighborhood

再見了，馬丁路德金。

killing gangs from that neighborhood.

哈囉啊，這個社區的幫派

Hello governments of rich countries

殺了來自另外一個社區的幫派。

selling arms to governments of poor countries

哈囉啊，有錢國家的政府們

who can't even afford to give them food.

把大量軍火賣到窮困國家，

Hello civilization. Hello, 21st century.

那些窮到人民沒有食物吃的窮困國家。

Look what we've ...

哈囉啊，文明世界。哈囉，二十一世紀。

look what they've done.

看看我們有些什麼......

(Applause)

看看他們，做了些什麼。

Mainstream art, cinema,

(掌聲)

has been used across the world to talk about social issues.

主流藝術，電影，

A few years ago we had a film called Rang De Basanti,

早已成為全世界用來討論社會議題的工具。

which suddenly spawned thousands of young people

幾年前有一部叫做Rang De Basanti的電影。(註：台灣譯青春無敵，印度電影。)

wanting to volunteer for social change.

這部電影突然間鼓舞了成千上萬的年輕人

In Venezuela, one of the most popular

自願自發的為社會改革貢獻一己之力。

soap operas has a heroine called Crystal.

在委內瑞拉，一齣大受歡迎的

And when, onscreen, Crystal got breast cancer,

肥皂劇中的女主角叫做Crystal。

75,000 more young women went to have mammographies done.

其中有一幕是Crystal得了乳癌，

And of course, "The Vagina Monologues" we know about.

超過七萬五千名女性因此前往醫院接受乳腺X光攝影檢查術。

And there are stand-up comics

當然，還有我們都知道的「陰道獨白」。

who are talking about racial issues, about ethnic issues.

再加上那些脫口秀藝人

So, why is it,

他們講不完的種族、人種話題。

that if we think that we all agree

好，那麼是為什麼，

that we need a better world,

我猜想我們全都同意，

we need a more just world,

我們需要一個更好的世界，

why is it that we are not using the one language

一個更為公正的世界，

that has consistently showed us

那為什麼我們沒有在使用剛剛說的那個世界共通的唯一語言？

that we can break down barriers, that we can reach people?

它明明很清楚的展現出，

What I need to say to the planners of the world,

它可以打破人跟人之間的藩籬並且直達人心。