to come and speak to you today

我很高興能有這樣一個機會

about what I consider to be

來到這裡與大家分享

the biggest stunt on Earth.

一個特技，我認為

Or perhaps not quite on Earth.

地球上最大的特技

A parachute jump from the very edge of space.

或許，不能算是在地球上。

More about that a bit later on.

從天際進行降落傘表演

What I'd like to do first is take you through

稍後將會詳細介紹。

a very brief helicopter ride of stunts

首先我想帶你

and the stunts industry in the movies and in television,

簡短的瞭解一系列的特技

and show you how technology

和在電視電影中的特技。

has started to interface with the physical skills

幷向你展示技術是如何

of the stunt performer

影響特技演員

in a way that makes the stunts bigger

身體技術的。

and actually makes them safer than they've ever been before.

並在某種程度上讓特技更宏偉

I've been a professional stunt man for 13 years.

和如何讓特技演員在表演中處於空前的安全中。

I'm a stunt coordinator. And as well as perform stunts

我已經是一位有13年資歷的特技表演者。

I often design them.

我作為一名特技指導不僅表演特技，

During that time, health and safety has become everything about my job.

我還會時常設計一項特技。

It's critical now that when a car crash happens

在設計時，安全是我工作中的重中之重。

it isn't just the stunt person we make safe, it's the crew.

在進行汽車衝撞中這十分重要。

We can't be killing camera men. We can't be killing stunt men.

我們不僅要保證我的特技表演員的安全還有全體工作人員。

We can't be killing anybody or hurting anybody on set,

我們不能讓拍攝師死去，特技演員死去。

or any passerby. So, safety is everything.

我們不能讓任何人被置於危險中，不能讓任何人受傷。

But it wasn't always that way.

你可以看出，安全是一切的一切。

In the old days of the silent movies --

但是一切並不盡然。

Harold Lloyd here, hanging famously from the clock hands --

以前在老的無聲電影中，

a lot of these guys did their own stunts. They were quite remarkable.

許多表演者進行了他們自己獨特的特技，真的很了不起，

They had no safety, no real technology.

比如哈儸德·勞埃爾在大鐘指針上懸掛的那幕。

What safety they had was very scant.

他們沒有安全保障，沒有現代的科技。

This is the first stunt woman,

他們的安全保障是微乎其微的。

Rosie Venger, an amazing woman.

屏幕上的是第一位嘗試特技的女性，

You can see from the slide, very very strong.

羅西·維爾戈，一個令人稱奇的女性。

She really paved the way

從幻燈片中你可以看出她十分強壯。

at a time when nobody was doing stunts, let alone women.

她真的是完成了一項壯舉

My favorite and a real hero of mine is Yakima Canutt.

因為在那個年代沒人想去做特技，跟別說是女性了。

Yakima Canutt really formed the stunt fight.

亞基馬·坎納特，一位真正的英雄，也是我最喜歡的特技演員。

He worked with John Wayne and most of those old punch-ups you see

亞基馬·坎納特確實促成了武打特技。

in the Westerns. Yakima was either there or he stunt coordinated.

約翰·威恩與他合作拍攝了許多老的西方武打鏡頭，

This is a screen capture from "Stagecoach,"

他要麼是特技演員要麼就是特技顧問。

where Yakima Canutt is doing one of the most dangerous stunts I've ever seen.

這是從電影“關山飛渡”中截取的一幕，

There is no safety, no back support,

亞基馬·坎納特正在進行一次最為危險的特技表演。

no pads, no crash mats, no sand pits in the ground.

當時是沒有安全措施，沒有腰墊，

That's one of the most dangerous horse stunts, certainly.

沒有墊子，沒有緩衝墊，地上也沒有沙坑。

Talking of dangerous stunts and bringing things slightly up to date,

這真的是最危險的加入了馬的特技，真的。

some of the most dangerous stunts we do as stunt people are fire stunts.

把時間放到現代，來談談現在的危險特技，

We couldn't do them without technology.

我做過的一件最危險的特技就是加入了火的特技。

These are particularly dangerous

我們在沒有技術支持下無法完成這樣的特技。

because there is no mask on my face.

這些特技尤其的危險

They were done for a photo shoot. One for the Sun newspaper,

因為我們的臉上沒有戴面具。

one for FHM magazine.

這些是爲了照片而做的（不是電視電影）。一組是接的太陽報的單，

Highly dangerous, but also you'll notice

一組是接的男人幫的單。

it doesn't look as though I'm wearing anything underneath the suit.

真的十分危險，但是你肯定會注意到

The fire suits of old, the bulky suits, the thick woolen suits,

我並不像是在衣服下穿了什麽東西。

have been replaced with modern materials

那些老式的厚重的毛料防火衣，

like Nomex or, more recently, Carbonex --

已經被诺梅克斯（化學材料）或最新的碳纖維

fantastic materials that enable us as stunt professionals

給取代了。

to burn for longer, look more spectacular, and in pure safety.

這些神奇的材料幫助特技演員

Here's a bit more.

在表演中燒的更久，也看起來更壯觀，當然在完全安全的情況下。

There's a guy with a flame thrower there, giving me what for.

這還有一些照片。

One of the things that a stuntman often does,

這兒有人拿著噴火器，正在想我噴火。（笑）

and you'll see it every time in the big movies,

被炸飛到空中

is be blown through the air.

是特技演員常做的特技，

Well, we used to use trampettes. In the old days, that's all they had.

也是你每次在看大片時肯定會看到的景象。

And that's a ramp. Spring off the thing and fly through the air,

（語氣詞）我們過去使用的是蹦床。過去，特技演員也只能用這個。

and hopefully you make it look good.

那就中只是個斜面。把東西彈，在半空中飛。

Now we've got technology. This thing is called an air ram.

希望你可以把它美化一下。

It's a frightening piece of equipment for the novice stunt performer,

我們現在有了新的科技。這玩意叫做空氣沖車。

because it will break your legs very, very quickly

對新手來說這是一件非常恐怖的裝備。

if you land on it wrong.

因為只要你用不正確的方法踩了上去

Having said that, it works with compressed nitrogen.

它就會在一瞬間弄斷你的腳。

And that's in the up position. When you step on it,

儘管很危險，這傢伙的工作原理是壓縮氮氣

either by remote control or with the pressure of your foot,

這是個啟動裝置。當你把腳放在上面時，

it will fire you, depending on the gas pressure,

你可以用遠程遙控，或踩它一下，

anything from five feet to 30 feet.

它都可以用壓縮的氣壓把你沖飛，

I could, quite literally, fire myself into the gallery.

任何東西，從5到30碼。

Which I'm sure you wouldn't want.

打個比方，它是可以把我沖到那個走廊那的。

Not today.

我肯定你們不想讓我這麼做。

Car stunts are another area

今天也是不行的。

where technology and engineering

汽車特技就是另一個特技領域了，

advances have made life easier for us, and safer.

科技和工程的進步

We can do bigger car stunts than ever before now.

讓我們的特技表演更容易、安全。

Being run over is never easy.

讓我們可以做曾經無法想像的大工程。

That's an old-fashioned, hard, gritty, physical stunt.

被車子碾過去可不輕鬆。

But we have padding, and fantastic shock-absorbing things like Sorbothane --

那是個老式，困難需要堅韌精神的身體特技。

the materials that help us, when we're hit like this,

但是現在我們有了保護墊，和奇妙的衝力吸收裝置比如Sorbothane（減震器的名字）

not to hurt ourselves too much.

當我們被撞時，這些工具真的幫了我們不少，就像這樣，

The picture in the bottom right-hand corner there

不會受到太大的傷害。

is of some crash test dummy work that I was doing.

右下角的那幅圖

Showing how stunts work in different areas, really.

是我曾做的用到假人的衝撞實驗。

And testing breakaway signpost pillars.

測試如何在不同的衝撞中進行特技。

A company makes a Lattix pillar, which is a network,

測試對指示牌的衝撞。

a lattice-type pillar that collapses when it's hit.

這是有一家公司做的lattix的柱子，網狀結構的

The car on the left drove into the steel pillar.

當受到撞擊是就會倒。

And you can't see it from there, but the engine was in the driver's lap.

左邊的車撞到的則是鐵柱子。

They did it by remote control.

汽車引擎已經在駕駛位上了，你在這是可不清楚的。

I drove the other one at 60 miles an hour, exactly the same speed,

當然我們是用遙控操作的。

and clearly walked away from it.

我以60英里的速度駕駛另一輛車，和另一輛車是一樣的速度，

Rolling a car over is another area where we use technology.

然後精確的避開了另一輛車。

We used to have to drive up a ramp, and we still do sometimes.

錯車特技是另一個我們使用了科技的領域。

But now we have a compressed nitrogen cannon.

我們以前需要開上一個斜坡。現在有時也這樣。

You can just see, underneath the car, there is a black rod on the floor

現在我們有了氮氣壓縮炮的裝置。

by the wheel of the other car.

你可以看到在車得底下，靠著另一輛車的輪子

That's the piston that was fired out of the floor.

有一個黑色的棒狀物在地上。

We can flip lorries, coaches, buses, anything over

那是從裝置中打出來的活塞。

with a nitrogen cannon with enough power. (Laughs)

運用到氮氣壓縮炮

It's a great job, really. (Laughter)

我們可以把卡車、旅遊大巴、公交車任何一種車。

It's such fun!

這真的是一件大工程。

You should hear

我們樂在其中！

some of the phone conversations that I have with people

（笑聲）

on my Bluetooth in the shop.

你真該聽聽我和別人在商店里用藍牙

"Well, we can flip the bus over, we can have it burst into flames,

的對話。

and how about someone, you know, big explosion."

“行，我們可以把巴士弄飛起來，我們可以把它炸掉，

And people are looking like this ...

接下來，再來一次大爆炸，如何？”

(Laughs)

其他人就這樣看著我...

I sort of forget how bizarre some of those conversations are.

（笑聲）

The next thing that I'd like to show you is something that

我自己都忘了我的這段對話對他人來說是多麼的奇怪。

Dunlop asked me to do earlier this year

下一個我想向你們展示的是

with our Channel Five's "Fifth Gear Show."

在今年年初，鄧祿普邀請我

A loop-the-loop, biggest in the world.

與第五頻道Fifth gear節目一起完成的

Only one person had ever done it before.

世界上最大的大轉輪。

Now, the stuntman solution to this in the old days would be,

在我們之前也只有一個人做過這個特技。

"Let's hit this as fast as possible. 60 miles an hour.

以前特技演員在這個特技的方法將是，

Let's just go for it. Foot flat to the floor."

“速度越快越好，60英里每小時

Well, you'd die if you did that.

好就那麼去做。踩住油門。”

We went to Cambridge University, the other university,

但是，這要你那樣做，不出意外會丟了性命。

and spoke to a Doctor of Mechanical Engineering there,

我們去了劍橋大學和其他幾所大學，

a physicist who taught us that it had to be 37 miles an hour.

在哪裡，我們拜了一位工程學博士，

Even then, I caught seven G

他告訴我們汽車的速度要在37英里每小時。

and lost a bit of consciousness on the way in.

儘管那樣，我也承受了7倍的重力，

That's a long way to fall, if you get it wrong. That was just about right.

在駕駛時，出現了輕微失去意識的癥狀。

So again, science helps us, and with the engineering too --

如果你做錯了，那將會是一個漫長的降落。只能正確。

the modifications to the car and the wheel.

又一次，科技幫助了我們，當然還有工程學。

High falls, they're old fashioned stunts.

車子和車輪的調整全靠它了。

What's interesting about high falls

高空墜落，一項老式的特技。

is that although we use airbags,

高空墜落中科技有幫到了我們什麽？

and some airbags are quite advanced,

儘管我們還是使用的充氣囊，

they're designed so you don't slip off the side like you used to,

但是現在的充氣囊要先進一些，

if you land a bit wrong. So, they're a much safer proposition.

它們是專門設計過的，假如你著地有些問題

Just basically though, it is a basic piece of equipment.

你也不會像以前那樣滑下去。現在的氣囊是有更高的安全性的。

It's a bouncy castle

很基礎的想法，也是一件很基礎的工具。

with slats in the side to allow the air to escape.

就是一個大氣墊

That's all it is, a bouncy castle.

在裏面有一個百葉板能讓空氣穿過，并起到減速的作用。

That's the only reason we do it. See, it's all fun, this job.

這就是一個氣墊的全部

What's interesting is we still use cardboard boxes.

這是我們做它的唯一原因。而且這工作也很好玩。

They used to use cardboard boxes years ago and we still use them.

有一件挺有趣的事是我們還在使用硬紙箱。

And that's interesting because they are almost retrospective.

以前人們常用，我們也用。

They're great for catching you, up to certain heights.

這事十分有趣在於硬紙箱基本是重複利用的。

And on the other side of the fence,

它們可以很好的接住你，當你從一定高度降落時。

that physical art, the physical performance of the stuntman,

另一方面，

has interfaced with the very highest

特技演員的身體藝術和表演

technology in I.T. and in software.

在極大的程度上

Not the cardboard box, but the green screen.

被I.T.和軟件技術影響著。

This is a shot of "Terminator," the movie.

不是硬紙箱，而是綠色的屏幕。

Two stunt guys doing what I consider to be a rather benign stunt.

這是電影終結者中的一幕。

It's 30 feet. It's water. It's very simple.

兩個特技演員正在做一項對我而言不那麼危險的特技。

With the green screen we can put any background in the world on it,

這只有30碼，有水，很簡單。

moving or still,

但是有了那個綠色的屏幕，我們就可以把背景換為世界上任后一個地方。

and I can assure you, nowadays you can't see the joint.

靜止的或動態的，

This is a parachutist with another parachutist doing exactly the same thing.

我可以想你保障，如今是沒有人可以看出合成的痕跡來的。

Completely in the safety of a studio,

這有兩個羅傘者在做跟剛剛那副圖片中一樣的過程。

and yet with the green screen we can have some moving image that a skydiver took,

在完全安全的工作室中

and put in the sky moving and the clouds whizzing by.

在綠屏的幫助下，我們就可以擁有一位真正的跳傘者所拍的動態影響，

Decelerator rigs and wires, we use them a lot.

並且做出白雲飄過的動態的天空。

We fly people on wires, like this.

減速器和纜線我們常用的道具。

This guy is not skydiving. He's being flown like a kite,

像這樣，我們可以把一個用纜線飛起來。

or moved around like a kite.

這位演員並沒在做跳傘而是在像一個風箏一樣飛，

And this is a Guinness World Record attempt.

或者說是像一個風箏一樣移動。

They asked me to open their 50th anniversary show in 2004.

這是一吉尼斯紀錄的嘗試。

And again, technology meant that I could do the fastest abseil over 100 meters,

他們邀請我為這次2004年的50周年紀念活動剪綵做的表演。

and stop within a couple of feet of the ground

再一次，科技讓我做到了以最快的速度下降100米，

without melting the rope with the friction,

並在離地面幾碼的地方停下來，

because of the alloys I used in the descender device.

爾繩子卻在摩擦力下沒有融合，

And that's Centre Point in London.

全都靠在下滑裝置中的合金。

We brought Oxford Street and Tottenham Court Road to a standstill.

那是在倫敦的中心。

Helicopter stunts are always fun,

牛津路和托特納姆法院路上的行人都被我的表演吸引了。

hanging out of them, whatever.

有直升機假如的特技總是很有趣，

And aerial stunts. No aerial stunt would be the same without skydiving.

懸在直升機外面，無論怎樣都很有趣。

Which brings us quite nicely to why I'm really here today:

然後是空中特技。沒有任何空中特技能像跳傘一樣。

Project Space Jump.

很好的銜接到了我今天來這的真正原因。

In 1960, Joseph Kittenger of the United States Air Force

太空跳傘計劃。

did the most spectacular thing.

在1960年來美國空軍的自約瑟夫·肯泰格

He did a jump from 100,000 feet, 102,000 to be precise,

做出的一項壯舉。

and he did it to test high altitude systems

他從10000碼的高度更準確來說10200碼的高度跳落。

for military pilots

他做這個是爲了測試

in the new range of aircraft that were going up to 80,000 feet or so.

在80000碼或以上飛行的新一代飛機中

And I'd just like to show you a little footage

給軍事飛行員用的高緯系統。

of what he did back then.

我想先向你們展示一小段影片

And just how brave he was in 1960, bear in mind.

關於他當時做了什麽。

Project Excelsior, it was called.

并幫助你們記住他在1960年的那次跳傘中是多麼的勇敢。

There were three jumps.

這被稱為Excelsior計劃。

They first dropped some dummies.

計劃中包括三跳，

So that's the balloon, big gas balloon.

第一跳是假人實驗。

It's that shape because the helium has to expand.

好，這就是那個大氣球。

My balloon will expand to 500 times

它呈那個形狀是因為氦氣的膨脹。

and look like a big pumpkin when it's at the top.

我的氣球將膨脹500倍，

These are the dummies being dropped from 100,000 feet,

在升到很高時會看起來像一個南瓜。

and there is the camera that's strapped to them.

這就是那些從10000碼高度降下的假人。

You can clearly see the curvature of the Earth at that kind of altitude.

這是與他們綁在一起的相機記錄的影響。

And I'm planning to go from 120,000 feet,

在那樣一個高度，你可以清楚的看到地球的弧形。

which is about 22 miles.

然後我準備到12000碼這樣的一個高度。

You're in a near vacuum in that environment,

大概就22英里。

which is in minus 50 degrees.

你在是處在真空環境

So it's an extremely hostile place to be.

而且氣溫也在零下50攝氏度。

This is Joe Kittenger himself.

可以想像這將是一個極度危險的環境。

Bear in mind, ladies and gents, this was 1960.

這是他本人。

He didn't know if he would live or die. This is an extremely brave man.

先生們，女士們記住這是1960啊。

I spoke with him on the phone a few months ago.

他不知道自己是否能活著回來，他真是一個勇敢的人。

He's a very humble and wonderful human being.

我在幾個月前跟他通了一次電話。

He sent me an email, saying, "If you get this thing off the ground

他是一位謙遜的人。

I wish you all the best." And he signed it, "Happy landings,"

他給我發來了封email寫道“如果你要實行這個計劃的話，

which I thought was quite lovely.

我祝你成功”並在在後寫上了“降落愉快。”

He's in his 80s and he lives in Florida. He's a tremendous guy.

我認為十分友愛的表達。

This is him in a pressure suit.

他現在已經80歲了，住在佛羅里達。他真是個了不起的人。

Now one of the challenges of going up to altitude is

這是他在沖壓力衣。

when you get to 30,000 feet -- it's great, isn't it? --

目前上升到12000碼這樣一個高度的一個挑戰是

When you get to 30,000 feet you can really only use oxygen.

當你到了30000碼時，聽起來很帥吧？

Above 30,000 feet up to nearly 50,000 feet,

當你到了30000嗎你就只能用氧氣瓶了。

you need pressure breathing, which is where you're wearing a G suit.

當到了30000到50000碼時

This is him in his old rock-and-roll jeans there,

你就需要加壓呼吸了，這是你為何要穿上重力服。

pushing him in, those turned up jeans.

這是他穿著他的老式搖滾牛仔褲，

You need a pressure suit.

看這，捲起的牛仔褲。

You need a pressure breathing system

你是需要一套壓力裝置的，

with a G suit that squeezes you, that helps you to breathe in

需要一個壓力呼吸裝置