who said that wonder is not knowledge, neither is it ignorance.

想像不是知識，也不是無知

It's something which is suspended

想像是介乎於

between what we believe we can be,

我們對未來的憧憬，和

and a tradition we may have forgotten.

即將消逝的傳統之間

And I think, when I listen to these incredible people here,

當我在這裡聽到許多優秀的人物演講時

I've been so inspired -- so many incredible ideas, so many visions.

啟發了我許多想法，原來有這麼多傑出的點子和願景

And yet, when I look at the environment outside,

但當我往窗外一看

you see how resistant architecture is to change.

你會發現我們的建築物是那麼的死板

You see how resistant it is to those very ideas.

是那麼的抗拒新想法

We can think them out. We can create incredible things.

我們可以想像改變，我們可以創造美好的東西

And yet, at the end,

但到了最後

it's so hard to change a wall.

這面高牆還是難以翻越

We applaud the well-mannered box.

我們依舊讚揚那些四四方方的建築物

But to create a space that never existed is what interests me;

我只對創造前所未有的空間有興趣

to create something that has never been,

和創造史無前例的東西

a space that we have never entered except in our minds and our spirits.

一個只曾在我們想像和心靈存在的空間

And I think that's really what architecture is based on.

我認為這才是建築的本質

Architecture is not based on concrete

建築不是奠基於混凝土

and steel and the elements of the soil.

鋼鐵或是泥土上

It's based on wonder.

而是奠基於我們的想像

And that wonder is really what has created the greatest cities,

想像使我們建成最偉大的城市，

the greatest spaces that we have had.

和最美好的生活空間

And I think that is indeed what architecture is. It is a story.

我想建築便是如此。建築是一個故事

By the way, it is a story that is told through

建築是一個透過

its hard materials.

實體來說的故事

But it is a story of effort and struggle

一個關於努力和奮鬥

against improbabilities.

抗衡不可能的故事

If you think of the great buildings, of the cathedrals, of the temples,

當你想到那些偉大的建築物、大教堂、寺廟

of the pyramids, of pagodas,

金字塔、寶塔

of cities in India and beyond,

在印度的城市及以後以外城市

you think of how incredible this is that that was realized

那些不可思議的城市和建築不是來自

not by some abstract idea, but by people.

一個抽象的概念，而是來自人

So, anything that has been made can be unmade.

我們可以重塑那些現有的建築物

Anything that has been made can be made better.

或是讓它們更完美

There it is: the things that I really believe

這些是我認為對建築來說

are of important architecture.

真正重要的東西

These are the dimensions that I like to work with.

我期盼能在這些概念下創作

It's something very personal.

這是我個人的想法

It's not, perhaps, the dimensions appreciated by art critics

或許這不是藝術評論家

or architecture critics or city planners.

或建築評論家或城市規劃者所讚賞的

But I think these are the necessary oxygen

但我認為在怎樣的建築物裡、城市生活

for us to live in buildings, to live in cities,

並連結我們彼此的社交空間

to connect ourselves in a social space.

跟呼吸一樣重要

And I therefore believe that optimism is what drives architecture forward.

樂觀精神是推動建築設計進步的動力

It's the only profession where you have to believe in the future.

建築在未來的進步是你可以看得到的

You can be a general, a politician, an economist who is depressed,

你可以是一個沮喪的將軍，政治家，經濟學家

a musician in a minor key, a painter in dark colors.

一個憂鬱的音樂家，一個暗沉的畫家

But architecture is that complete ecstasy that the future can be better.

但建築是帶著狂喜地期盼美好的未來

And it is that belief that I think drives society.

而我認為這便是推動社會進步的信念

And today we have a kind of evangelical pessimism all around us.

現今我們被悲觀的說法包圍

And yet it is in times like this

然而在這樣的時代

that I think architecture can thrive with big ideas,

建築也可以為偉大的想法而奮鬥

ideas that are not small. Think of the great cities.

想想那些偉大的城市

Think of the Empire State Building, the Rockefeller Center.

想想帝國大廈和洛克菲勒中心

They were built in times that were

它們的建造時間

not really the best of times in a certain way.

都是在最艱困的時代

And yet that energy and power of architecture

然而建築物帶來的精神和力量

has driven an entire social and political space that these buildings occupy.

卻讓整個社會和政治環境得到進步

So again, I am a believer in the expressive.

我認為建築能表現某些事情

I have never been a fan of the neutral.

我從來不是一個中立者

I don't like neutrality in life, in anything.

我不喜歡在生活上或任何事上中立

I think expression.

表現就像

And it's like espresso coffee, you know, you take the essence of the coffee.

就像濃縮咖啡，把咖啡的精髓提煉出來

That's what expression is.

這就是我所謂的表現

It's been missing in much of the architecture,

而我們大部分的建築已經失去這樣的能力

because we think architecture is the realm of the neutered,

因為我們認為建築是一個中立的領域

the realm of the kind of a state that has no opinion,

一個沒有看法的領域

that has no value.

也沒有價值觀

And yet, I believe it is the expression --

但我仍然相信建築是一種表現

expression of the city, expression of our own space --

是城市和生活空間的表現

that gives meaning to architecture.

賦予了建築物意義

And, of course, expressive spaces are not mute.

建築物表現的空間並不是沈默的

Expressive spaces are not spaces

這表現的空間不只是

that simply confirm what we already know.

表達我們已知的事情

Expressive spaces may disturb us.

這空間可能會使我們不安

And I think that's also part of life.

我認為這也是人生的一部分

Life is not just an anesthetic to make us smile,

人生不該只有那些麻痺的笑容

but to reach out across the abyss of history,

而是越過歷史的深淵

to places we have never been,

到達我們從未到過的地方

and would have perhaps been, had we not been so lucky.

如果我們不試，可能無法到達那種境界

So again, radical versus conservative.

激進與保守

Radical, what does it mean? It's something which is rooted,

什麼是激進？那是根深蒂固的

and something which is rooted deep in a tradition.

在傳統上生根的

And I think that is what architecture is, it's radical.

我認為建築也是激進的

It's not just a conservation in formaldehyde

而不是像死去一樣

of dead forms.

被保護在傳統的束縛裡

It is actually a living connection

建築是活生生的

to the cosmic event that we are part of,

聯系著宇宙

and a story that is certainly ongoing.

它是一個正在進行的故事

It's not something that has a good ending or a bad ending.

它的結局可以是好也可以是壞

It's actually a story in which our acts themselves

它是我們正參與著的故事

are pushing the story in a particular way.

我們的行為會影響這故事

So again I am a believer in the radical architecture.

我是個激進建築的信徒

You know the Soviet architecture of that building

你們都見過蘇聯的建築

is the conservation.

那就是傳統

It's like the old Las Vegas used to be.

那就像過去的拉斯維加斯一樣

It's about conserving emotions, conserving the traditions

著重的是保守和傳統

that have obstructed the mind in moving forward

這些阻礙了我們的思想進步

and of course what is radical is to confront them.

激進就是要對抗這些保守思想

And I think our architecture is a confrontation

我認為建築正在和我們的

with our own senses.

知覺對抗

Therefore I believe it should not be cool.

所以我認為建築不該是冷酷的

There is a lot of appreciation for the kind of cool architecture.

許多人喜歡那種冷酷的建築

I've always been an opponent of it. I think emotion is needed.

我一直反對這個想法，我認為建築必須要有情緒

Life without emotion would really not be life.

沒有情緒的人生便不是人生

Even the mind is emotional.

甚至我們的思想都是情緒化的

There is no reason which does not take a position

沒理由情緒不能出現在我們的倫理觀

in the ethical sphere, in the philosophical mystery of what we are.

或像哲學般地解釋我們是誰

So I think emotion is a dimension

我認為情緒是一種維度

that is important to introduce into city space, into city life.

把情緒帶進城市空間和城市生活中是非常重要的

And of course, we are all about the struggle of emotions.

當然，情緒會有所衝突

And I think that is what makes the world a wondrous place.

我認為這讓世界變得美好

And of course, the confrontation of the cool, the unemotional with emotion,

冷酷和情緒化之間的對峙

is a conversation that I think

是一個城市中

cities themselves have fostered.

所兼容的對話

I think that is the progress of cities.

我認為這是城市的進步

It's not only the forms of cities,

不只是城市形態的進步而已

but the fact that they incarnate emotions,

這些具體化的情緒

not just of those who build them,

不只是來自建築工人

but of those who live there as well.

也來自居民的情緒

Inexplicable versus understood. You know, too often we want to understand everything.

難以言表與理解。我們往往想理解所有事

But architecture is not the language of words.

但建築不是一種有文字的語言

It's a language. But it is not a language that can be reduced

它是一種語言，但不是一種能被簡化為

to a series of programmatic notes that we can verbally write.

文字來表達的語言

Too many buildings that you see outside that are so banal

外面有許多平庸的建築

tell you a story, but the story is very short,

它們也會說故事，但大多很短

which says, "We have no story to tell you."

它說 “我無話可說”

(Laughter)

(笑聲）

So the important thing actually,

重要的是

is to introduce the actual architectural dimensions,

要介紹真正的建築各個面相

which might be totally inexplicable in words,

是不是能用言語陳述的

because they operate in proportions,

因為這語言是以比例

in materials, in light.

材質，光線組成的

They connect themselves into various sources,

它們以不同元素連成一種

into a kind of complex vector matrix

複雜的向量矩陣

that isn't really frontal

它不是平鋪直述

but is really embedded in the lives,

但深入我們的生活

and in the history of a city, and of a people.

深入城市和居民的歷史

So again, the notion that a building should just be explicit

那些認為建築應該直截了當的想法

I think is a false notion,

我認為是錯誤的

which has reduced architecture into banality.

它會把建築簡化為平庸

Hand versus the computer.

手繪與電腦

Of course, what would we be without computers?

當然，今日誰能不用電腦呢？

Our whole practice depends on computing.

我們這個行業是依賴電腦的

But the computer should not just be the glove of the hand;

但電腦應該只是手套

the hand should really be the driver of the computing power.

手才是手套後面真正賜予電腦力量的東西

Because I believe that the hand

因為我相信手

in all its primitive, in all its physiological obscurity,

在原始、複雜的生理機能背後

has a source, though the source is unknown,

仍然有種力量，雖然我們不知從何而來

though we don't have to be mystical about it.

我們不需要故作神秘

We realize that the hand has been given us

我們知道手是由

by forces that are beyond our own autonomy.

一種超越我們能力的力量所賜予

And I think when I draw drawings

我認為當我繪圖時

which may imitate the computer, but are not computer drawings --

可以畫得很像電腦畫的，但實際上不是

drawings that can come from sources

這手繪圖像是出自於

that are completely not known, not normal, not seen,

一種未見，未知，無解的力量

yet the hand -- and that's what I really, to all of you who are working --

但是手 -- 我想告訴你們的是，在這個領域工作的你們 --

how can we make the computer respond to our hand

要如何讓電腦回應我們的手

rather than the hand responding to the computer.

而不是手回應電腦

I think that's part of what the complexity of architecture is.

我想這也是建築複雜的一部分

Because certainly we have gotten used to the propaganda

因為我們都習慣認為

that the simple is the good. But I don't believe it.

簡單是好的觀念，但我卻不這麼想

Listening to all of you, the complexity of thought,

今天聽各位演講，這些複雜的思考

the complexity of layers of meaning is overwhelming.

這些意含的層次是驚人的

And I think we shouldn't shy away in architecture,

而我認為我們不應該忽略建築學這個領域