to a very important part of this larger problem,

信不信由你，我是來分享一個解決辦法

with the requisite focus on climate.

針對一個全面性的重要問題

And the solution I offer

也就是氣候變遷

is to the biggest culprit

我提供的辦法

in this massive mistreatment of the earth

是對於那些人類造成的

by humankind,

重大元兇並

and the resulting decline of the biosphere.

對地球產生嚴重的破壞

That culprit is business and industry,

導致生物多樣性的減少

which happens to be where I have spent the last 52 years

元兇就是商業和工業活動

since my graduation from Georgia Tech in 1956.

自從我1956年從喬治亞理工學院畢業以後

As an industrial engineer,

52年來就一直持續存在著的問題

cum aspiring and then successful entrepreneur.

身為一名工業工程師

After founding my company, Interface, from scratch

創業家、成功的企業家

in 1973, 36 years ago,

我在1973年，也就是三十六年前

to produce carpet tiles in America

白手起家建立了我的公司Interface

for the business and institution markets,

在美國製造方塊地毯

and shepherding it through start-up and survival

銷售給企業或是研究機構

to prosperity and global dominance in its field,

我帶領我的公司從草創初期到站穩腳步

I read Paul Hawken's book,

而後成為世界領導品牌

"The Ecology of Commerce,"

我讀過保羅‧霍肯的書

the summer of 1994.

"商業生態學"

In his book, Paul charges business and industry

在1994年的夏天

as, one, the major culprit

保羅在他的書中指責工商業活動

in causing the decline of the biosphere,

為導致生物圈減少的

and, two, the only institution that is large enough,

罪魁禍首

and pervasive enough, and powerful enough,

並稱這些公司也是唯一夠大

to really lead humankind out of this mess.

夠普遍、夠有力的機構

And by the way he convicted me

去帶領人們走出這一團混亂

as a plunderer of the earth.

順帶一提，他還在書裡指責我

And I then challenged the people of Interface, my company,

為地球的掠奪者

to lead our company and the entire industrial world to sustainability,

之後我開始給我公司的夥伴一個挑戰

which we defined as eventually operating

帶領我們公司，及整個工業界往永續發展的目標前進

our petroleum-intensive company in such a way

最後我們將自己這個石油密集產業

as to take from the earth

定下一個目標-

only what can be renewed by the earth, naturally and rapidly --

只使用那些可以

not another fresh drop of oil --

快速地被自然更新的地球資源當作原料

and to do no harm to the biosphere.

不再使用任何一滴原油

Take nothing: do no harm.

並且不傷害生物環境

I simply said, "If Hawken is right

不任取資源、不傷害地球。

and business and industry must lead,

我簡單地說道，如果霍肯是對的

who will lead business and industry?

那工商業必定得領導大眾

Unless somebody leads, nobody will."

誰又來領導工商業?

It's axiomatic. Why not us?

除非有人挺身而出，否則將群龍無首

And thanks to the people of Interface,

這是無庸置疑的，為什麼我們不跳出來登高一呼?

I have become a recovering plunderer.

感謝我公司Interface的夥伴

(Laughter)

我因而有機會改過向善

(Applause)

(笑)

I once told a Fortune Magazine writer

(掌聲)

that someday people like me would go to jail.

我曾告訴過一位《財富》雜誌的編輯說

And that became the headline of a Fortune article.

像我這種人總有一天會坐牢

They went on to describe me as America's greenest CEO.

這則新聞成為該期《財富》報導的頭條

From plunderer to recovering plunderer,

他們接著稱我為「美國最環保的公司總裁」

to America's greenest CEO in five years --

從罪魁禍首到洗心革面

that, frankly, was a pretty sad commentary

到美國最環保的公司總裁,只花了五年的時間

on American CEOs in 1999.

老實而言，對1999當年的美國總裁們

Asked later in the Canadian documentary, "The Corporation,"

那真是一個非常諷刺的評價

what I meant by the "go to jail" remark,

而後我被加拿大紀錄片公司The Corporation問道

I offered that theft is a crime.

我所謂"坐牢"是什麼意思?

And theft of our children's future would someday be a crime.

我指出竊盜是一種罪行

But I realized, for that to be true --

而竊取我們孩子的未來在將來也必定成為一種罪名

for theft of our children's future to be a crime --

但我瞭解這必定成真

there must be a clear, demonstrable alternative

偷竊孩子的未來將被定罪

to the take-make-waste industrial system

今日必需要有一個明瞭的解決之道

that so dominates our civilization,

對於我們這個"取得資源，做成商品，再被拋棄"的工業制度

and is the major culprit, stealing our children's future,

該制度同時支配著我們的現代社會

by digging up the earth

是偷竊我們幼苗未來的最大元兇

and converting it to products that quickly become waste

藉由開採地球資源

in a landfill or an incinerator --

並將其轉變為一下子就被丟進垃圾場

in short, digging up the earth and converting it to pollution.

或焚化爐的廢物

According to Paul and Anne Ehrlich

簡而言之，剝削地球資源並將其轉成污染源

and a well-known environmental impact equation,

根據保羅及安‧赫里克

impact -- a bad thing --

和一個舉世皆知的環境影響方程式

is the product of population, affluence and technology.

負面的影響，這是我們所不想要的

That is, impact is generated by people,

等於人口乘上財富乘上科技

what they consume in their affluence,

也就是說，負面影響是人為造成的

and how it is produced.

人們用他們的財產消費

And though the equation is largely subjective,

即對環境產生了影響

you can perhaps quantify people, and perhaps quantify affluence,

雖然這個方程式非常主觀

but technology is abusive in too many ways to quantify.

但也許你可以將人口量化、甚至將財富量化

So the equation is conceptual.

但科技被大量地濫用以至於無法以數值呈現

Still it works to help us understand the problem.

所以這個方程式是一個概念

So we set out at Interface, in 1994,

協助我們了解整個問題

to create an example:

所以我們Interface在1994年開始著手

to transform the way we made carpet,

創造一個榜樣

a petroleum-intensive product for materials as well as energy,

轉變我們製造地毯的方式

and to transform our technologies

一個不論是材料或能源消耗來說皆大量依靠石油的產品

so they diminished environmental impact,

同時改變我們的技術

rather than multiplied it.

即可減少對環境的衝擊

Paul and Anne Ehrlich's environmental impact equation:

而非使其惡化

I is equal to P times A times T:

保羅和安‧赫里克的環境影響方程式:

population, affluence and technology.

I(負面影響)等於P乘上A乘上T

I wanted Interface to rewrite that equation so that it read

P為人口、A為財富、T為科技

I equals P times A divided by T.

我希望Interface公司改寫它為別種形式:

Now, the mathematically-minded will see immediately

I等於P乘上A除以T

that T in the numerator increases impact -- a bad thing --

現在，這個方程式在數學意義上可告訴我們

but T in the denominator decreases impact.

T在分子的話將會造成負面影響擴大

So I ask, "What would move T, technology,

但T在分母的話反倒可以減少負面影響

from the numerator -- call it T1 --

所以我便問道"什麼東西可以把T，科技

where it increases impact,

從原本的分子，稱之為T1

to the denominator -- call it T2 --

科技將帶來負面影響

where it reduces impact?

將他改移到分母，稱其為T2

I thought about the characteristics

科技就可以減少環境衝擊

of first industrial revolution,

我想到第一次工業革命

T1, as we practiced it at Interface,

的幾個特質

and it had the following characteristics.

T1，就如同我們以前在Interface做的

Extractive: taking raw materials from the earth.

具有下列幾種特性

Linear: take, make, waste.

開採的:從地球資源中取得原料

Powered by fossil fuel-derived energy.

線性的:取得資源，做成商品，再被拋棄

Wasteful: abusive and focused on labor productivity.

用石油當作動力來源

More carpet per man-hour.

浪費的: 濫用資源且強調勞動生產率

Thinking it through, I realized that all those attributes

工時越長，製造越多地毯越好

must be changed to move T to the denominator.

思考過後，我了解到為了把T移至分母

In the new industrial revolution extractive must be replaced by renewable;

必需將這些因素做個改變

linear by cyclical;

在新的工業革命中我們必須用可再生的資源取代原本的原料

fossil fuel energy by renewable energy, sunlight;

線性的浪費改為可循環利用

wasteful by waste-free;

化石燃料必需被可更新能源取代，即太陽能

and abusive by benign;

改掉人們揮霍浪費的習慣

and labor productivity by resource productivity.

不濫用資源、對環境和善

And I reasoned that if we could make those transformative changes,

注重資源生產率而非勞動產率

and get rid of T1 altogether,

我認為只要我們能做到以上這些改變

we could reduce our impact to zero,

就可以把T1去除

including our impact on the climate.

將影響減低至零

And that became the Interface plan in 1995,

其中也包括對氣候的影響

and has been the plan ever since.

這就成了Interface1995年的策略

We have measured our progress very rigorously.

一直到今日

So I can tell you how far we have come in the ensuing 12 years.

我們每年都詳盡地計算著我們的進展

Net greenhouse gas emissions

我可以告訴你我們這十二年來到底做了什麼

down 82 percent in absolute tonnage.

溫室氣體排放量

(Applause)

每噸下降了82個百分比

Over the same span of time

(掌聲)

sales have increased by two-thirds and profits have doubled.

在同期

So an 82 percent absolute reduction

銷售量上升了三分之二同時利潤成雙倍成長

translates into a 90 percent reduction

之後八成二的溫室氣體減少量

in greenhouse gas intensity relative to sales.

增加變成減少九成

This is the magnitude

的溫室起體排放量，跟原先相比

of the reduction the entire global technosphere

這一個數字、這個降幅

must realize by 2050

應該被所有的科技業者體認到

to avoid catastrophic climate disruption --

並且在2050年前實踐

so the scientists are telling us.

以避免氣候的劇變與災難的形成

Fossil fuel usage is down 60 percent per unit of production,

這也是科學家告訴我們的

due to efficiencies in renewables.

我們每單位產量降低了六成的化石燃料使用量

The cheapest, most secure barrel of oil there is

都歸功於再生能源的使用

is the one not used through efficiencies.

世界最便宜、最安全的能源用油

Water usage is down 75 percent

是那些因為利用率太低而未被充分使用的原油

in our worldwide carpet tile business.

在我們的全球方塊地毯生產工廠中

Down 40 percent in our broadloom carpet business,

用水量也減少了七十五個百分比

which we acquired in 1993

在我們1993年開發的廣幅地毯產品製作產線中

right here in California, City of Industry,

用水量同樣減少四成

where water is so precious.

就在這裡，加州，工業重鎮

Renewable or recyclable materials are 25 percent of the total, and growing rapidly.

水資源特別貴重的地方

Renewable energy is 27 percent of our total,

再生材料和可回收材料佔全部的百分之二十五，並快速成長著

going for 100 percent.

再生能源佔全部的百分之二十七

We have diverted 148 million pounds --

並朝百分之百邁進

that's 74,000 tons --

我們總共讓一億四千八百萬磅

of used carpet from landfills,

也就是七萬四千噸

closing the loop on material flows

的二手地毯，免於被丟進掩埋場的命運

through reverse logistics

結束了原物料難逃的宿命

and post-consumer recycling technologies

僅僅只靠改變我們的一點想法與邏輯

that did not exist when we started 14 years ago.

而使用者回收服務

Those new cyclical technologies

這個我們14年前剛開始時還不存在的東西

have contributed mightily to the fact that we have produced and sold

這些新的循環利用政策

85 million square yards of climate-neutral carpet

對我們2004年以來

since 2004,

銷售掉8千5百萬平方碼的氣候無害地毯

meaning no net contribution to global climate disruption

有著極大的貢獻

in producing the carpet throughout the supply chain,

換句話說，我們沒有對氣候造成更進一步的危害

from mine and well head clear to end-of-life reclamation --

不論是從製造產品到供應鍊方

independent third-party certified.

從礦山、油井開始一直到產品回收利用

We call it Cool Carpet.

並且獲得了公正第三方的認可

And it has been a powerful marketplace differentiator,

我們將它命名為"酷冷地毯"

increasing sales and profits.

是一個成功區分市場的產品

Three years ago we launched carpet tile for the home,

增加了銷售量和利潤

under the brand Flor,

三年前我們開始製造家用方塊地毯

misspelled F-L-O-R.

以Flor這個品牌名稱

You can point and click today at Flor.com

故意拼成F-L-O-R

and have Cool Carpet delivered to your front door in five days.

你可以在Flor.com找到相關訊息

It is practical, and pretty too.

同時網路訂購在五天內就可以送到你家門口

(Laughter)

又美又實惠的產品

(Applause)

(笑)

We reckon that we are a bit over halfway

(掌聲)

to our goal: zero impact, zero footprint.

我們認為我們的任務進行到了一半

We've set 2020 as our target year for zero,

對於最終目標-不留影響、不留足跡

for reaching the top, the summit of Mount Sustainability.

我們希望在2020年達到此一目標

We call this Mission Zero.

攀上名為"永續經營"的山頂

And this is perhaps the most important facet:

我們將其稱為"任務零號"

we have found Mission Zero to be incredibly good for business.

該任務是最重要的一個方案

A better business model,

我們了解到任務零號將可以為商業環境帶來極大的利益

a better way to bigger profits.

一個更好的商業模型

Here is the business case for sustainability.

更好的方法以獲取更多的利潤

From real life experience, costs are down, not up,

這就是讓企業永續經營的辦法

reflecting some 400 million dollars

從真實經驗看來，成本不升反降了

of avoided costs in pursuit of zero waste --

這反映出我們在追求零污染的同時

the first face of Mount Sustainability.

節省下了四億元的支出

This has paid all the costs for the transformation of Interface.

這只是永續經營計劃中的其中一面

And this dispels a myth too,

還順便支付了所有做為Interface轉型的成本

this false choice between the environment and the economy.

也打破了大眾錯誤的迷思-

Our products are the best they've ever been,

只能在環境保護與經濟發展中擇一

inspired by design for sustainability,

這是我們有史以來最棒的產品

an unexpected wellspring of innovation.

靈感來自永續發展

Our people are galvanized around this shared higher purpose.

真是一個意想不到的創意泉源

You cannot beat it for attracting the best people

這個更崇高的目標也激勵了我的夥伴們

and bringing them together.

沒有其他更好的核心價值可以吸引人才

And the goodwill of the marketplace is astonishing.

並且團結整個工作團隊了

No amount of advertising, no clever marketing campaign,

市場的好評也出乎我們意料

at any price, could have produced or created

不需廣告、不需精心策劃的行銷活動

this much goodwill.

你原本需要花掉多少資本

Costs, products, people, marketplaces --

才能達到這種廣告效果

what else is there?

成本、產品、員工、市場

It is a better business model.

還有什麼沒涵蓋到的主題?

And here is our 14-year record of sales and profits.

這的確是一個更佳的商業模型

There is a dip there, from 2001 to 2003:

這是我們十四年來銷售量和利潤的記錄

a dip when our sales, over a three-year period,

在2001年至2003年間有下滑的趨勢

were down 17 percent.

我們的銷售量在那三年間

But the marketplace was down 36 percent.

下降了17個百分比

We literally gained market share.

但總體市場環境下降了36個百分比

We might not have survived that recession

這樣看來，我們市場佔有率反倒提高了

but for the advantages of sustainability.

如果沒有以上這些優勢

If every business were pursuing Interface plans,

我們可能就無法在景氣蕭條時倖存下來

would that solve all our problems?

如果每家企業都像Interface般追求永續發展

I don't think so.

那麼我們的問題會被解決嗎?

I remain troubled by the revised Ehrlich equation,

我不認為如此

I equals P times A divided by T2.

我對修改過的赫里克方程持保留態度

That A is a capital A,

I等於P乘上A除以T2

suggesting that affluence is an end in itself.

這裡的A是大寫的A

But what if we reframed Ehrlich further?

代表財富是人們追求的目標

And what if we made A a lowercase 'a,'

但如果我們再多改寫一點赫里克方程式呢?

suggesting that it is a means to an end,

如果我們把大A改成小寫的a

and that end is happiness --

代表財富是我們達到目標的手段之一

more happiness with less stuff.

只不過那目標是"快樂"

You know that would reframe civilization itself --

多點快樂、少點東西

(Applause) --

你知道那將會顛覆我們整個現代社會

and our whole system of economics,

(掌聲)

if not for our species, then perhaps for the one that succeeds us:

和我們所有的經濟系統

the sustainable species, living on a finite earth,

就算不是為了人類也是為了那些繼承人類的物種

ethically, happily and ecologically

他們可以永續生存，一同生活在這顆行星上

in balance with nature

合乎道德地、幸福美滿地、環保地

and all her natural systems for a thousand generations,

與自然和諧共處

or 10,000 generations --

並繁衍下去，產下數千代

that is to say, into the indefinite future.

或萬代子子孫孫

But does the earth have to wait for our extinction as a species?

瓜瓞綿綿，無窮無盡

Well maybe so. But I don't think so.

但地球會等到我們人類滅絕之後嗎?

At Interface we really intend to bring this prototypical

很可能吧，但我才不這麼想

sustainable, zero-footprint industrial company

在Interface我們打算把這種永續觀點

fully into existence by 2020.

零足跡的工業模範

We can see our way now,

在2020年之前實踐

clear to the top of that mountain.

我們可看見我們的道路

And now the challenge is in execution.

將直通永續經營的山頂

And as my good friend and adviser Amory Lovins says,

而如今最大的挑戰在於執行

"If something exists, it must be possible."

就如同我的好友兼顧問阿默莉‧蘿芬所言

(Laughter)

如果某樣東西存在，那它就是有可能實現的

If we can actually do it, it must be possible.

(笑)

If we, a petro-intensive company can do it, anybody can.

如果我們可以做到，那就有可能成真