Name: 【TED】Alan Russell:再生醫學的潛力（Alan Russell：The potential of regenerative medicine）。 (【TED】Alan Russell: The potential of regenerative medicine (Alan Russell: The potential of regenerative medicine))
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T07:25:30.000Z
Duration: 21 min 23 s

譯者: Yu-Ju Chiang 審譯者: Ai-Ying (Erin) Chiang

情態副詞

when we go to the doctor's office and we walk in,

there are words that we just don't want to hear.

There are words that we're truly afraid of.

Diabetes, cancer, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's,

像是糖尿病、癌症、帕金森氏症、阿茲海默症

things that we know are debilitating diseases,

for which there's relatively little that can be done.

這些都是大家熟知的衰退性疾病

And what I want to lay out for you today is

a different way of thinking about how to treat debilitating disease,

用新的角度來思考衰退性疾病的療法

why without it perhaps our health care system will melt down

又為什麼少了它醫療體系將會瓦解

and where we are clinically today, and where we might go tomorrow,

要是你認為醫療體系現在還沒走到這一步

還有目前的臨床成果和可能的未來走向

And we're going to do all of that in 18 minutes, I promise.

我保證一定會在 18 分鐘內全部講完

because this slide sort of tells the story the way Science Magazine thinks of it.

因為這張投影片反映出「科學」期刊的看法

that they published with a lot of different articles on the bionic human.

It was basically a regenerative medicine issue.

裡面發表了各種有關生化人的文章

Regenerative medicine is an extraordinarily simple concept

再生醫學其實是個非常簡單的概念

It's simply accelerating the pace at which the body heals itself

So we know how to do this in many of the ways that are up there.

We know that if we have a damaged hip, you can put an artificial hip in.

目前我們已知可行的方法很多，都在這裡

And this is the idea that Science Magazine used on their front cover.

我們知道要是髖關節損壞，就裝人工髖關節

This is the complete antithesis of regenerative medicine.

這就是這期 「科學」 期刊的封面所要表達的想法

Regenerative medicine is what Business Week put up

when they did a story about regenerative medicine not too long ago.

這本「商業周刊」討論的才是再生醫學

The idea is that instead of figuring out how to ameliorate symptoms

不久前，他們刊出一篇有關再生醫學的文章

and I'll come back to that theme a few times --

instead of doing that, we will regenerate lost function of the body

by regenerating the function of organs and damaged tissue.

與其這麼做，我們不如重建身體失去的功能

you are the same as you were at the beginning of the treatment.

Very few good ideas -- if you agree that this is a good idea --

我們的身體就回到治療前的狀態

好點子還真的不多，如果你們也覺得這想法不錯

Charles Lindbergh, who was better known for flying airplanes,

以飛越大西洋成名的查爾斯．林白

along with Alexis Carrel, one of the Nobel Laureates from Rockefeller,

to begin to think about, could you culture organs?

還有洛克斐勒醫學研究機構的諾貝爾醫學獎得主艾利克斯．卡萊爾

就是他們開始思考，人工培養器官是否可行?

where they actually began to think about,

what could you do in bio-reactors to grow whole organs?

要如何在生物反應器中培養出一整個器官?

I'm going to share with you some of the exciting work that's going on.

到了今天，我們已經有了長足進步

But before doing that, what I'd like to do

我現在要跟大家分享的是一些進行中的研究

is share my depression about the health care system

但是在這之前，我想先與大家分享

improving the quality of life, and reducing poverty,

and essentially increasing life expectancy all around the globe.

One of the challenges is that the richer we are, the longer we live.

And the longer we live, the more expensive it is

難題之一就是我們越富裕，壽命就越長

to take care of our diseases as we get older.

醫療照護的開銷跟壽命延長成正比

versus the percent of population over the age of 65.

And you can basically see that the richer a country is,

與 65 歲以上人口比例相關性的圖

And why is this a particularly dramatic challenge right now?

If the average age of your population is 30,

then the average kind of disease that you have to treat

is maybe a broken ankle every now and again,

那麼一般需要醫療的疾病可能是

If the average age in your country is 45 to 55,

now the average person is looking at diabetes,

要是國家的平均年齡是 45 到 55 歲

early-onset diabetes, heart failure, coronary artery disease --

things that are inherently more difficult to treat,

早發性糖尿病、心臟衰竭、心血管疾病

這些疾病的治癒難度本來就較高

Just have a look at the demographics in the U.S. here.

This is from "The Untied States of America."

來看一下這份美國人口統計資料

In 1930, there were 41 workers per retiree.

擷取自「The Untied States of America」這本書

41 people who were basically outside of being really sick,

在 1930 年間，每 41 個勞力人口中就有 1 個退休

paying for the one retiree who was experiencing debilitating disease.

In 2010, two workers per retiree in the U.S.

僅需負擔這 1 個退休人口治療衰退性疾病的費用

And this is matched in every industrialized, wealthy country in the world.

到了 2010 年，每兩個勞力人口中就有 1 人退休

How can you actually afford to treat patients

而且全球各工業化的富裕國家都是如此

when the reality of getting old looks like this?

我們要如何才能負擔醫療成本？

要是老化所要面對的現實就是如此？

And you can see that right around age 45, 40 to 45,

這張圖顯示年齡與醫療照護成本之間的關係

there's a sudden spike in the cost of health care.

可以看出大約在 45 歲，40 到 45 歲的區間

It's actually quite interesting. If you do the right studies,

you can look at how much you as an individual spend on your own health care,

這其實相當有趣，在適當的統計研究下

我們可以看出自己在人生各個階段

And about seven years before you're about to die, there's a spike.

而且在死亡前 7 年會出現一個高峰

There are very few things, very few things that you can really do

that will change the way that you can treat these kinds of diseases

【TED】Alan Russell:再生醫學的潛力（Alan Russell：The potential of regenerative medicine）。 (【TED】Alan Russell: The potential of regenerative medicine (Alan Russell: The potential of regenerative medicine))

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【TED】Alan Russell:再生醫學的潛力（Alan Russell：The potential of regenerative medicine）。 (【TED】Alan Russell: The potential of regenerative medicine (Alan Russell: The potential of regenerative medicine))

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