I applied for university at a time when I was convinced

國內多數人並不知道何時我上高中

I was going to be an artist and be a sculptor.

當我申請大學時，那時我深信

And I came from a very privileged background. I was very lucky.

我將來要成為一名藝術家和雕塑家。

My family was wealthy, and my father believed in one thing,

而我非常幸運，誕生於一個還不錯的家庭，

and that was to give us all as much education as we wanted.

我的家境富裕，而我父親深信一件事情，

And I announced I wanted to be a sculptor in Paris.

就是他要儘可能供我們讀書，

And he was a clever man. He sort of said,

當我宣布我想去巴黎做雕刻家時，

"Well, that's OK, but you've done very well in your math SATs."

我父親他是個聰明人，他是這樣說的

In fact, I'd got an 800. And he thought I did very well -- and I did, too -- in the arts:

「好，那OK，但是你知道你的數學SAT考試考地非常好。」

this was my passion.

事實上，我考了800分，所以他認為我考得非常好，事實上我在藝術表現上也很棒，

And he said "If you go to MIT," to which I had been given early admission,

這是我的熱切盼望。

"I will pay for every year you're at MIT,

而我父親他說，「如果你去念MIT麻省理工」，這所學校已經給我提前錄取，

in graduate or undergraduate -- as much as you want --

「我將會供你每年在MIT的花費，」

I will pay for an equal number of years for you to live in Paris."

「不管你是研究生或者大學生時，要多少都可以，」

And I thought that was the best deal in town, so I accepted it immediately.

「我將會供你同樣的金額，比照你住在巴黎的水準。」

And I decided that if I was good in art, and I was good in mathematics,

而我想那是我在國內能夠得到最好的待遇，所以我馬上就接受。

I'd study architecture, which was the blending of the two.

而我想，如果我的數學跟藝術都擅長的話，

I went and told my headmaster that, at prep school.

我應該來學習建築，因為這個學科跨了兩個領域，

And I said to him what I was doing, that I was going to go study architecture

我這樣告訴我的導師，

because it was art and mathematics put together.

我告訴他，我要做甚麼，就是我要去攻讀建築，

He said to me something that just went completely over my head.

因為它將藝術與數學放在一塊。

He said, "You know, I like grey suits, and I like pin-striped suits,

他對我說了些事情剛好超過我的理解範圍，

but I don't like grey pin-striped suits."

他說，「你知道，我喜歡灰色西裝，我也喜歡細條紋西裝，

And I thought, "What a turkey this guy is," and I went off to MIT.

但是我不喜歡灰色細條紋西裝。」

I studied architecture, then did a second degree in architecture,

那時我想，「這傢伙真是難搞，像火雞一樣」，之後我就去了MIT。

and then actually quickly realized that it wasn't architecture.

我讀了建築，然後念到二年級。

That really, the mixing of art and science was computers,

然後很快地，我發現到我的興趣不是建築，

and that that really was the place to bring both, and enjoyed a career doing that.

事實上，將藝術與科學結合在一起的是電腦。

And probably, if I were to fill out Jim Citrin's scale,

而那的確是融合兩者之處，我也樂在其中。

I'd put 100 percent on the side of the equation

然後，也許，我將會去完成Jim Citrin的進位法

where you spend time making it possible for others to be creative.

我將會百分百投入方程式的撰寫。

And after doing this for a long time, and the Media Lab passing the baton on,

在那，你花時間讓它成真，也讓其他人更富有創意，

I thought, "Well, maybe it's time for me to do a project.

在做這個事這麼久之後，也有了媒體實驗室，

Something that would be important, but also something

我想，「好吧，也許該是我要來做點事情的時候了。

that would take advantage of all of these privileges that one had."

有些事情可能是重要的，但也有些事情

And in the case of the Media Lab, knowing a lot of people,

一方面需要利用到這些特殊資源。」

knowing people who were either executives or wealthy,

而在媒體實驗室，認識一些人，

and also not having, in my own case, a career to worry about anymore.

認識的人非富即貴，不管是高階經理人或富豪商賈，

My career, I mean, I'd done my career.

就我的個案來說，我不用再去擔心我的工作，

Didn't have to worry about earning money.

工作，我的意思是，我已經做好我的工作，

Didn't have to worry about what people thought about me.

我不用去擔心要賺錢，

And I said, "Boy, let's really do something that takes advantage of all these features,"

我不用去煩惱人們怎麼看待我。

and thought that if we could address education, by leveraging the children,

我說，「男孩們，讓我們真的來做些事情，好好利用這些優勢吧。」

and bringing to the world the access of the computers,

我想，我們可以透過這些小孩的力量來解決教育的問題，

that that was really the thing we should do.

為全世界帶來接觸電腦的機會

Never shown this picture before, and probably going to be sued for it.

那就是我們應該要做的事情

It's taken at three o'clock in the morning, without the permission of the company.

之前從來沒秀過這張照片，也能會為了它被告，

It's about two weeks old. There they are, folks.

這張照片是在凌晨三點拍攝，並且沒有取得該公司同意，

(Applause)

這是約兩個星期前，大家看，它們就在那兒。

If you look at the picture, you'll see they're stacked up.

鼓掌

Those are conveyor belts that go around.

從這張照片你可以看到，它們已經裝箱堆疊好。

This is one of the conveyor belts with the thing going by,

環繞的是輸送帶。

but then you'll see the ones up above.

這是其中一個輸送帶，上面正輸送著東西，

What happens is, they burn into flash memory the software,

然後你將會在上面看到它們，

and then test them for a few hours.

現在他們正在燒錄快閃記憶體軟體

But you've got to have the thing moving on the assembly line, because it's constant.

然後測試幾個小時

So they go around in this loop, which is why you see them up there.

但是沒多久必須移到組裝線上，因為是一貫作業，

So this was great for us because it was a real turning point. But it goes back.

所以他們會經由這個循環作業，這就是為甚麼你會看到他們在那兒，

This picture was taken in 1982, just before the IBM PC was even announced.

所以這對我們來說實在太棒了，因為它實在是一個轉捩點。

Seymour Papert and I were bringing computers to schools

這張照片是在1982年拍攝，那時IBM PC才剛剛發表，

and developing nations at a time when it was way ahead of itself.

Seymour Papert和我帶著電腦到學校，

But one thing we learned was that these kids can absolutely jump into it

這也是這些發展中國家超越他們自己的一次記錄

just the same way as our kids do here.

但是有一件事，就是這些小孩馬上玩起這些電腦，

And when people tell me, "Who's going to teach the teachers to teach the kids?"

就像我們這裡的孩子所做的一樣。

I say to myself, "What planet do you come from?"

而當人們問我，誰要來教導這些要教育小朋友的老師們呢？

Okay, there's not a person in this room -- I don't care how techie you are --

我問我自己，「你是從哪個星球來的呢？」

there's not a person in this room that doesn't give their laptop or cell phone to a kid

好吧，在座的每一個人，我不在乎你們是多麼有技術能力，

to help them debug it. OK?

所有人都會樂意給小孩一個電腦或手機

We all need help, even those of us who are very seasoned.

去幫助他們解決問題，對吧？

This picture of Seymour -- 25 years ago. Seymour made a very simple

我們都需要幫助，即便我們都很厲害。

observation in 1968, and then basically presented it in 1970 --

這是Seymour的照片，25年有了，Seymour做了一個非常簡單的

April 11 to be precise -- called "Teaching Children Thinking."

觀察1968年，然後在1970年發表，

What he observed was that kids who write computer programs

精確日期在4月11日，題目叫做「教導孩子們思考」。

understand things differently, and when they debug the programs,

他所觀察到寫電腦程式的小孩

they come the closest to learning about learning.

理解事情的方式不同，當他們在程式中抓錯時，

That was very important, and in some sense, we've lost that.

他們潛移默化地學習，

Kids don't program enough and boy,

那非常重要，但是在某方面我們已經失去那種能力，

if there's anything I hope this brings back, it's programming to kids.

小孩子其實並沒有常寫程式，男孩子也是，

It's really important. Using applications is OK,

如果有任何事情我希望可以這個可以帶回的，我希望它是為小孩子而設計的。

but programming is absolutely fundamental.

這實在非常重要，使用應用程式是OK的，

This is being launched with three languages in it: Squeak, Logo, and

但是撰寫程式語言是基礎的

a third, that I've never even seen before.

我們以三種語言同步推出，Squeak語言，Logo語言，

The point being, this is going to be very, very intensive on the programming side.

第三種，我從來沒有見過這樣作法，

This photograph is very important because it's much later.

重點是，這對程式端的要求將會非常緊要

This is in the early 2000s. My son, Dimitri -- who's here,

這張照片非常重要，因為這張比起前面那張又更晚近，

many of you know Dimitri -- went to Cambodia, set up this school

這在2000年稍早，我的兒子Dimitri

that we had built, just as the school connected it to the Internet.

你們當中很多認識Dimitri，他跑去柬埔寨，設立這所學校。

And these kids had their laptops. But it was really what spirited this,

那時，這所學校才剛剛連上網際網路，

plus the influence of Joe and others. We started One Laptop per Child.

而這些小孩擁有了他們自己的筆記型電腦，

This is the same village in Cambodia, just a couple of months ago.

加上Joe跟其他人的影響，我們開始One Laptop Per Child計畫，

These kids are real pros. There were just 7,000 machines out there

這些是柬埔寨相同的村莊，剛剛幾個月前

being tested by kids. Being a nonprofit is absolutely fundamental.

這些小孩真的非常棒。那而現在有七千台機器。

Everybody advised me not to be a nonprofit, but they were all wrong.

是由小孩測試。所以作為一個非營利機構是絕對基本的。

And the reason being a nonprofit is important is actually twofold.

每個人建議我不要做非營利機構，但是他們都錯了，

There are many reasons, but the two that merit the little bit of time is:

作為非營利組織，是重要，理由有雙重，

one, the clarity of purpose is there. The moral purpose is clear.

有很多理由，但時間有限，要感謝的有兩點

I can see any head of state, any executive I want, at any time, because

一，有明確的目標，道德目標是非常清楚的。

I'm not selling laptops. OK? I have no shareholders.

我可以見到任何國家的領袖，任何我想見到的高階經理人，在任何時間，因為

Whether we sell, it doesn't make any difference whatsoever.

我不是在賣筆記型電腦，對吧？我沒有股東。

The clarity of purpose is absolutely critical. And the second is very counterintuitive --

毫無疑問，我們是不是在賣電腦都不會有甚麼影響，

you can get the best people in the world.

明確的目標是絕對重要的。其次，非常直覺的。

If you look at our professional services, including search firms,

你可以得到全世界最好的人才來幫你。

including communications, including legal services, including banking,

如果你來看我的專業服務，包括搜尋，

they're all pro bono. And it's not to save money.

包括媒體公關服務，包括法律服務，包括金融，

We've got money in the bank. It's because you get the best people.

他們都是為慈善機構和窮人提供免費專業服務。做這些不是為了錢。

You get the people who are doing it because they believe in the mission,

我們的確賺到了，那是因為你找到最棒的人，

and they're the best people.

你得到這些人，是因為他們相信這個使命，

We couldn't afford to hire a CFO. We put out a job description for a CFO at zero salary,

而他們是最佳人選。

and we had a queue of people.

我們請不起財務長，我們刊登了一個無薪金的CFO工作簡介，

It allows you to team up with people. The U.N.'s not going to be

而我們有了一個團隊的成員。

our partner if we're profit making. So announcing this with Kofi Annan

這項計畫可以讓你們自成團隊。聯合國也不會成為

was very important, and the U.N. allowed us

我們的夥伴，如果我們要賺錢的話。所以與安南理事長一起宣布

to basically reach all the countries. And this was the machine we were showing

是非常重要的，而聯合國也讓我們

before I met Yves Behar.

基本上接觸到所有的國家。而這個是我們展示的機器

And while this machine in some sense is silly,

在我遇到Yves Behar之前所展示的

in retrospect, it actually served a very important purpose.

而當這個機器在某種感覺上是愚笨的

That pencil-yellow crank was remembered by everybody.

回顧來看，它事實上有一個相當重要的用途

Everybody remembered the pencil-yellow crank. It's different.

那個黃色的搖桿被每個人記住

It was getting its power in a different way. It's kind of childlike.

每個人記住這個黃色搖桿，它是與眾不同的

Even though this wasn't the direction we went because the crank --

它透過與眾不同的方式，取得它的影響力。這是小孩子喜歡的種類。

it really is stupid to have it on board, by the way.

儘管這不是我們設計搖桿的初衷，因為這個搖桿

In spite of what some people in the press don't get it, didn't understand it,

順帶一提，把它裝在主機板上，實在非常愚笨

we didn't take it off because we didn't want to do --

儘管某些媒體上的朋友不知道，不瞭解，

having it on the laptop itself is really not what you want.

我們沒有因此就拿掉它，因為我們不想這麼作，

You want a separate thing, like the AC adaptor.

把它裝在筆記型電腦上，真的不是你所想像的

I didn't bring one with me, but they really work much better off-board.

你希望那是單獨分開的東西，就像電源供應器，

And then, I could tell you lots about the laptop, but I decided on just four things.

我現在沒帶過來，但是他們真得是不錯

Just keep in mind -- because there are other people, including Bill Gates,

然而我可能跟你說太多筆記型電腦了，不過我還是要跟你說四點

who said, "Gee, you've got a real computer."

只是要記住，因為還有其他人，包括比爾蓋茲，

That computer is unlike anything you've had, and does things --

他們說，「哇，你拿到一個真的電腦耶。」

there are four of them --

這個電腦不像任何你曾經擁有過的東西，並且以你沒見過的方式工作

that you don't come close to. And it's very important to be low power,

其中有四點

and I hope that's picked up more by the industry.

首先，做到省電非常重要

That the reason that you want to be below two watts is

而我也希望這個做法更被業界採用

that's roughly what you can generate with your upper body.

這就是為什麼你會想做到低於兩瓦特的原因

Dual-mode display -- that sunlight display's fantastic.

那大概是你可以利用你的身體的方法

We were using it at lunch today in the sunlight, and the more sunlight the better.

雙模顯示---讓顯示器顯得非常奇妙

And that was really critical. The mesh network, it'll become commonplace.

今天午餐時，我們在日光下使用這個產品，陽光愈足愈好。

And of course, "rugged" goes without saying.

而那其實很關鍵。Mesh網絡，它將變得普遍。

And the reason I think design matters isn't because I wanted to go to art school.

當然，不用說

And by the way, when I graduated from MIT,

我認為設計重要，並不是因為我想過去念藝術學校。

I thought the worst and silliest thing to do would be to go to Paris for six years. (Laughter)

順帶一提，當我從MIT畢業，

So, I didn't do that. But design matters for a number of reasons.

我想最糟跟最笨的事情，大概就是我真的跑去巴黎六年。

The most important being that it is the best way to make an inexpensive product.

所以我沒有去巴黎。但是設計很重要，有很多理由，

Most people make inexpensive products by taking cheap design,

最重要的是，它是做出最不昂貴產品的最好方法。

cheap labor, cheap components, and making a cheap laptop.

多數人做得出低價產品，因為他們採取廉價的設計

And, in English, the word "cheap" has

廉價勞工、便宜的元件，所以做出一個低價電腦

a double meaning, which is really appropriate,

但是在英文當中，cheap有

because it's cheap, in the pejorative sense, as well as inexpensive.

雙重涵義，其他一個是適當的價格

But if you take a different approach, and you think of very large-scale integration,

因為它是便宜的，有貶抑的意思，同時也是廉價的

very advanced materials, very advanced manufacturing --

但是如果你採用不同的方式，而你從宏觀面來整合思考

so you're pouring chemicals in one end, iPods are spewing out the other --

非常先進的材料、非常先進的製造

and really cool design, that's what we wanted to do.

所以你從一方注入化學材料，另一方做出iPod

And I can race through these and save a lot of time because

實在是非常酷的設計，那也是我們想做的事

Yves and I obviously didn't compare notes.

而我能夠來做這些，並且可以省下很多時間，因為

These are his slides, and so I don't have to talk about them.

Yves和我顯然沒有對照過彼此的筆記

But it was really, to us, very important as a strategy.

這些是他的簡報檔，所以我不準備來說這些東西

It wasn't just to kind of make it cute, because somebody --

但是它對我們來說，真的是一個重要的發展策略

you know, good design is very important.

它並不只是做一個可愛的作品，因為有些人

Yves showed one of the power-generating devices.

你知道，好的設計是非常重要的

The mesh network, the reason I -- and I won't go into it in great detail --

Yves秀出一個電力供應裝置

but when we deliver laptops to kids in the remotest and poorest parts of the world,

Mesh網絡，我將不會詳述這一點

they're connected. There's not just laptops.

但是當我們將電腦交到世上最遙遠與最貧窮的小孩手上

And so, we have to drop in satellite dishes. We put in generators.

他們與世界取得聯繫，擁有的將不只是那台電腦，

It's a lot of stuff that goes behind these. These can talk to each other.

所以我們必須裝進衛星小碟子，我們放入發電裝置

If you're in a desert, they can talk to each other about two kilometers apart.

在這之後還有很多東西，它們之間可以彼此對話

If you're in the jungle, it's about 500 meters. So if a kid bicycles home,

如果你在沙漠中，它們可以彼此對話，約距離兩公哩，

or walks a few miles, they're going to be off the grid, so to speak.

如果你在叢林中，那個距離將會是五百米。所以如果小孩騎腳踏車回家，

They're not going to be near another laptop,

或者走路回家，他們將會離線，所以說來

so you have to nail these onto a tree, and sort of, get it.

它們將不是靠近另一台電腦，

You don't call Verizon or Sprint. You build your own network.

所以你必須要將這些綁上樹，某些像是這類的作法。

And that's very important, the user interface.

你沒辦法打電話給電信公司，你必須建立起你自己的網路

We are launching with 18 keyboards. English is by far the minority.

而使用者介面將非常重要

Latin is relatively rare, too. You just look at some of the languages.

我們推出18個鍵盤，英文現在還是少數

I'm willing to suspect some of you hadn't even heard of them before.

拉丁文則又更罕見。你只是看到一些語言。

Is there anybody in the room, one person, unless you work with OLPC,

我想你們之中甚至很少聽過那些語言

is there anybody in the room that can tell me what language

在這個房間中的任一人，只要有一個人，除非你是跟OLPC一起做事

the keyboard is that's on the screen? There's only one hand -- so you get it.

在座的有沒有人可以告訴我這是甚麼語言

Yes, you're right. He's right. It's Amharic,

螢幕上的是鍵盤嗎？這還只是其中一面而已

it's Ethiopian. In Ethiopia, there's never been a keyboard.

是，你對了，他也對了，這是衣索匹亞官方語言Amharic語言。

There is no keyboard standard because there's no market.

這是衣索匹亞語。在衣索匹亞，從來沒有過鍵盤。

And this is the big difference.

這裡沒有鍵盤標準，因為沒有市場存在。

Again, when you're a nonprofit, you look at children as a mission, not as a market.

這是最大的不同。

So we went to Ethiopia, and we helped them make a keyboard.

我要重申的是，當你是非營利，你看待小孩如同你的使命，不是一個市場。

And this will become the standard Ethiopian keyboard.

所以當我們來到衣索匹亞，我們協助他們製作出一個鍵盤，

So what I want to end with is sort of what we're doing to roll it out.

而這將成為衣索匹亞標準鍵盤。

And we changed strategy completely. I decided at the beginning --

所以我想做的是，最終我們能夠做到的某種程度

it was a pretty good thing to decide in the beginning,

我們完全地改變策略，我在一開始決定

it's not what we're doing now -- is to go to six countries.

在一開始就想清楚要怎麼作是非常棒的事情

Big countries, one of them is not so big, but it's rich.

但是跟我們現在作的不同---我們要去六個國家

Here's the six. We went to the six,

大國，它們之中可能不是這麼大，但是富有

and in each case the head of state said he would do it, he'd do a million.

這裡這六個國家，我們也去了這六個國家

In the case of Gaddafi, he'd do 1.2 million, and that they would launch it.

然後每個個案中，每個國家的領袖都說要做，一作都要一百萬台。

We thought, this is exactly the right strategy, get it out,

利比亞的格達費，他要120萬台，然後他們要推出這個產品。

and then the little countries could sort of piggyback on these big countries.

我們想，這正是正確的策略，所以我們就做了。