You've probably seen people cover their webcams,

你可能有看過旁人將電腦的鏡頭遮住

but should you cover your webcam?

這到底有沒有必要呢？

Former FBI director, James Comey,

前任美國聯邦調查局局長，James Comey

thinks you should.

就認為你應該把鏡頭遮起來

Do you still have a piece of tape over your cameras at home?

你現在還用膠帶貼著鏡頭嗎？

Heck yeah, heck yeah.

那當然。

Edward Snowden, and even Mark Zuckerberg, appear to cover theirs.

Edward Snowden 甚至還有 Mark Zuckerberg 似乎也都把他們電腦的鏡頭貼住

It could protect you from attacks like the one Miss Teen USA experienced in 2013,

這舉動可以保護你不受到攻擊，像是一位美國妙齡小姐在 2013 年的經驗

in which a man secretly spied on her, and recorded her, and then blackmailed her.

有位男子秘密地監視、錄影甚至還威脅她

But you're not a head of state, and you're also not a celebrity.

不過你既不是美國總統也不是明星

So do you really need to worry about someone

所以你到底要不要擔心有人會

spying on you through your laptop's camera?

透過筆電的鏡頭來偷窺你呢？

Well, yeah.

恩，你是該擔心

In 2013, a hacker told the BBC

在 2013 年有位駭客告訴 BBC

that access to a woman's webcam cost about a dollar,

要駭入一位女性電腦的鏡頭，成本約一美元

and that he had access to 500 computers.

而他有 500 台電腦的權限

That's crazy!

這簡直就太瘋狂了！

So, to find out how common these attacks are,

為了要知道這些攻擊是否很常見

and whether we should be worried,

還有我們需不需要擔心

I talked to Tod Beardsley,

我找了 Tod Beardsley 來聊聊

the research director at cyber security and penetration testing company, Rapid7.

他是 Rapid7 這個網路安全公司的研究經理

There are occasionally bugs in web-based technologies

有的時候在網路上的程式會出錯

that allow attackers to open your webcam and record video on it.

讓攻擊者能夠開啟你的鏡頭並且錄影

They're pretty far and few in between.

但這並不常見

He explained to me that these vulnerabilities often show up in Flash and Java,

他說這些弱點通常會出現在 Flash 或 Java

and at this point, there might even been one in html5.

於此同時，我的瀏覽器上可能就有個容易被入侵的地方

What really sucks is that you won't know if a website is affected.

最糟的是你根本就不會知道有網站有夾帶病毒

Also, hackers can turn off your webcam's light

而且駭客還能將你視訊鏡頭的燈關掉

so you won't actually know whether you've been compromised.

所以你根本就不會知道你被駭了

That's not great!

這並不是件好事！

Anything that wants you to click in a very specific place in your browser,

有網站要你點擊特定的地方

that would be very suspect.

是件很可疑的事

You see it a lot more now with location services,

現在比較常見的定位功能

like, "click here to allow location service",

像是「按這裡來允許定位您的位置」

that's typically the control on webcams as well.

這就是很經典的例子，有人要控制你的鏡頭

There's not a lot you can do about it other than

其實你什麼也做不了除了...

(clicks tongue to mimic sticky tape)

(模仿撕膠帶的聲音)

Okay, so, at least tape will stop someone from spying on you visually,

好，所以把鏡頭遮住至少會避免別人窺視你

that's a relief.

這樣使人安心許多

But how effective is covering our webcams, and should we do it?

但把鏡頭遮住真的有用嗎？而我們到底該不該這麼做？

Having it covered is a super cheap, super easy thing to do,

要把鏡頭遮住很便宜也很簡單

that also doesn't get you a lot,

也不會很麻煩

but at least it makes you feel better, right?

同時也可以讓你比較安心，對吧？

And it is a signal to other people that you think about security.

這也告訴別人你對隱私的重視

Okay, so Tod says it can't hurt,

好，所以 Tod 覺得可以試試看

but covering your laptop camera

但遮住你筆電的鏡頭

doesn't actually address the much bigger risk of your cellphone camera and microphone.

並無法解決更大的危機，像是手機的照相和麥克風功能

Microphone hacking is probably just as creepy and incriminating as a video.

駭入麥克風就跟駭入鏡頭一樣恐怖，也都屬於犯罪行為

I can record conversations in the room,

我可以將房內的對話錄下來

that piece of tape is not gonna stop me.

而貼住鏡頭和麥克風是無法阻止我的

We actually tested this.

我們實際測試過

(cellphone ringing)

(手機響起)

Hey.

嘿

Hey, okay, so can you try to talk to me with your phone away from your face?

嘿，你可以試著跟我說話，但同時也將你的手機遠離你的臉

Sure.

沒問題

(microphone static)

(麥克風干擾聲)

This is about how loudly I would talk if I was having a conversation with someone in a room.

這是我平常跟人在房內講話的音量

Okay, so I can hear you pretty perfectly

好，我可以很清楚地聽見你說的話

meaning, if a hacker had hacked into your microphone,

這就代表，如果有駭客駭入你的麥克風

even if you had tape over it, he or she would still be able to hear what you're saying.

即使你用膠帶貼住鏡頭，他或她仍然可以清楚地聽到你說話

I hate to break it to you all,

我很不想要這麼說

but the reality is that cameras and microphones are everywhere now;

但現實是鏡頭和麥克風到處都有

we have smart home speakers, cellphones, laptops, smart refrigerators,

我們有居家智慧揚聲器、智慧型手機、筆電、智慧型冰箱

and even voice-enabled TV remotes listening to us at all times.

甚至有可以聲控的電視遙控器

Unless you're going to tape over,

除非你是要將所有鏡頭及麥克風貼住

or physically disable every one of those cameras or microphones,

或是要破壞所有的鏡頭及麥克風

you're still going to be at risk.

妳都還是有被駭入的風險

But, if nothing else, we can at least prevent webcam attacks with tape.

但如果真的沒其他辦法了，我們至少可以將電腦鏡頭貼住來避免被駭入

There is some superstitious comfort you get,

這其中你可以感到些許心理作用的安慰

because you can see the camera sticker all the time,

因為四處都能看到鏡頭被貼起來

you're looking at it and think, "I'm doing it right".

你會看著那個被貼住的鏡頭，心想著「我這麼做是對的。」

It's a little bit self-congratulatory to put the tape on the camera,

把鏡頭貼住其實有點自我感覺良好

but it does ultimately also mean that you're looking at security control all the time,

但這同時也表示了你時時在控管你的安全

so you might be thinking more about how long should my password be?

你可能也在苦惱我的密碼該設多長？

Should I tell those people my password?

我應該告訴別人我的密碼嗎？

Shall I click on this link in the cPanel?

我應該要點在 cPanel 上的連結嗎？

I think that is probably valuable.

我覺得這些應該值得我把鏡頭貼起來

So go ahead, put tape over your camera.

所以，把你的電腦鏡頭貼住吧！

It might not stop hackers from listening through your microphone,

這可能無法阻止駭客透過麥克風竊聽你

but it'll at least make us a little bit better,

但這至少會使我們安心許多

and prevent them from watching us sleep at night.

也會避免駭客在我們睡覺時偷窺我們