Action and

行動和

danger is exciting but this

危險是令人興奮的，但這

is a fake gun and the process

是一把假槍，過程

of enlarging a hole, like the barrel of a gun, is called

擴孔，就像槍管一樣，被稱為 "擴孔"。

boring. Boring. Boring a hole

無聊。無聊鑽洞

is a slow process requiring repetitive movements from a tool that goes in

是一個緩慢的過程，需要用工具重複運動，進到

circles,

圈。

which may be why things that are slow and repetitive and don't appear to be going

這可能是為什麼事情是緩慢的和重複的，並沒有出現在去

anywhere

任何地方

came to be described with the same word. They're boring. But why do we get

來用同一個詞來形容。他們'很無聊。但為什麼我們得到

bored and why does it matter? Evidence of being

無聊，為什麼要這樣做？證據是

temporarily uninterested in anything happening - boredom -

暫時對任何事情都不感興趣-------------------------------------------------------------------無聊

has been found as far back as ancient Pompeii.

早在古龐貝時期就已發現。

Boredom is a feeling we don't like. It's

無聊是一種我們不喜歡的感覺'。It's

uncomfortable but it's trivial, right? I mean, boredom happens to all of us but

不舒服，但它'是微不足道的，對不對？我的意思是，無聊的事情發生在我們所有人身上，但。

now

現在

we have Facebook and Twitter and YouTube and texting and Candy Crush

我們有Facebook和Twitter和YouTube和簡訊和糖果粉碎。

to keep ourselves occupied. So, really,

讓我們自己忙起來。所以，真的。

who cares? Well, here's the thing.

誰在乎？好了，這裡'的事情。

Physical pain, heartbreak and nausea are also

身體上的疼痛、心碎和噁心也是。

uncomfortable but they're caused by dangerous

不舒服，但他們'由危險的引起的

serious toxic things, whereas boredom

嚴重有毒的東西，而無聊

occurs when you are merely disinterested in the outside world

俗話說："人在江湖，身不由己"。

and the inner world of your thoughts, when you are

和你的內心世界的思想，當你在。

alone with just yourself. So,

獨自一人，只有自己。所以

does the existence of boredom mean that when it really comes down to it life

無聊的存在是否意味著當它真正降臨到它的生活。

itself existing isn't really enough?

本身的存在是不是真的不夠？

Arthur Schopenhauer said that "if life possessed

阿瑟-叔本華說："如果生命擁有了

in itself a positive value in real content,

本身就是真實內容中的積極價值。

there would be no such thing as boredom. Mere existence would fulfil

就不會有無聊的事情發生。僅僅是存在就能滿足

and satisfied us." But apparently it doesn't

並讓我們滿意。"但顯然，它不'。

because boredom exists. Is something wrong

因為無聊的存在。有什麼問題嗎？

with being, or is something

與存在，或者說是什麼

awesome about us? Nearly 200 hundred years ago Giacomo Leopardi wrote in a

厲害了我們？近兩百年前，賈科莫-萊奧帕爾迪在一篇文章中寫道。

letter to his father

喪父信

"boredom is the most sublime of all human emotions because

"無聊是人類所有情感中最崇高的一種，因為

it expresses the fact that the human spirit, in a certain sense,

它所表達的事實是，人類的精神，在一定意義上。

is greater than the entire universe. Boredom

是大於整個宇宙的。無聊

is an expression of a profound despair and not finding anything that can

是一種深刻的絕望的表達，並沒有發現任何可以

satisfy the souls'

滿足靈魂&#39。

boundless needs." So, while superficially boredom might seem trivial or

無限的需求。"所以，雖然表面上看無聊似乎是小事一樁或

childish, embarrassing, almost rude to admit to feeling,

幼稚、尷尬、幾乎無禮地承認自己的感覺。

one thing's for sure - boredom isn't

有一件事是肯定的-----------------------------------------------------------------------無聊不是

boring. When bored, your brain activity

無聊。無聊時，你的大腦活動

only drops about 5% and magnetic resonance images of people's brains

只下降約5%，而人們大腦的磁共振影像'。

while they were bored actually showed greater activity in regions responsible

當他們感到無聊時，實際上顯示出更大的活動區域負責

for

對於

recalling autobiographical memory, conceiving

追憶自述，構思

the thoughts and feelings of others and conjuring hypothetical events -

別人的想法和感受，並想象出假想的事件-----。

imagining. Jennifer Schuessler wrote about this

想象。珍妮弗-舒斯勒寫道

in her appropriately titled essay "Our boredom,

在她那篇標題恰當的文章《我們的無聊》中。

Ourselves." She points out that in line with neurological

我們自己"。她指出，按照神經系統的

evidence, boredom historically has been "an important source

證據，無聊在歷史上一直是 "一個重要的來源"。

of creativity, well-being and our very sense self."

的創造力、幸福感和我們的自我感覺。"

It's an imposed state that leaves us

這是一個強加的狀態，讓我們

to think about ourselves, notice things we may have overlooked and get "ancy" enough

思考自己，注意到我們可能忽略的東西，並得到足夠的 "ncy"。

to take productive

採取生產性

actions we might have otherwise put off, like

否則我們可能會延後的行動，比如

cleaning, writing or challenging the mind with puzzles

打掃衛生、寫作或以謎題挑戰思維

and games.

和遊戲。

As a pressure to move, boredom

作為一種移動的壓力，無聊

may have driven us to accomplish much of what we have achieved.

可能促使我們取得了許多成就。

But how do you measure

但你如何衡量

boredom? The boredom proneness scale,

厭煩症？厭煩症易感度量表。

'BPS', assess an individual's propensity for getting

'BPS'，評估一個人'的傾向，以獲得

bored, in a sense their ease of being attentive. Average

厭煩，在某種意義上說，他們的容易的是殷勤的。平均

scores range between 81 and 117.

分數在81至117分之間。

We can take scores on the BPS and correlate

我們可以把BPS的分數和相關的。

them with other things. For instance, people who know themselves well

他們與其他事物。例如，瞭解自己的人

can easily label their feelings, have high levels of self-awareness,

很容易給自己的感情貼上標籤，有很高的自我意識。

tend to have a lower propensity score feeling bored.

傾向於有較低的傾向性得分感覺無聊。

But when it comes to feeling boredom frequently,

但當經常感到無聊的時候。

the culprit may be one's own physiology.

罪魁禍首可能是一個人'的自身生理。

Individuals with fewer dopamine receptors in the brain

大腦中多巴胺受體較少的人。

tend to need more excitement to stay stimulated,

往往需要更多的刺激來保持刺激。

meaning chronic boredom may be a symptom

意思是說，長期厭煩可能是一種症狀。

of the way your body is. A symptom that if

的方式，你的身體是。一種症狀，如果

left unchecked can become something worse

亡羊補牢

Anna Gosline lists depression,

安娜-高斯林列出了抑鬱症。

anxiety, drug addiction, alcoholism, hostility,

焦慮、吸毒、酗酒、敵意。

poor social skills, bad grades and low work performance.

社交能力差，成績不好，工作表現低下。

In fact, the National Center on drug abuse and addiction has reported that the

事實上，國家藥物濫用和成癮問題中心報告說。

top three

前三名

risk factors for teenage substance abuse

青少年濫用藥物的風險因素

are too much stress, too much spending money

是壓力太大，花錢太多

and too much boredom. The Beth Israel Medical Center in New York

和太多的無聊。紐約的貝斯以色列醫療中心

reports that addicts reported levels of boredom

報告稱，吸毒者報告的無聊程度達到了驚人的程度。

are the only reliable indicator of whether or not they will stay clean.

是判斷其是否會保持清潔的唯一可靠指標。

Our brains need stimulation

我們的大腦需要刺激

in order to be healthy, not so much that they're overwhelmed but a perfect

為了健康，不至於讓他們'不堪重負，而是一個完美的。

balance

平衡

unique to each individual, under which they can perform

每一個人都有自己的獨特之處，在這種情況下，他們可以進行......。

optimally, with energized focus, what psychologists call

最佳，精力充沛的專注，即心理學家所說的

flow. Too little stimulation and our brains will act out,

流。刺激太少，我們的大腦就會出問題。

hoping to find some somewhere to prevent something worse

希望能找到一些地方，以防止更糟糕的事情發生

from happening. Our brains have thaasophobia,

從發生。我們的大腦有恐高症。

the fear of boredom. Peter Toohey's "Boredom: A Lively History"

對無聊的恐懼。Peter Toohey'的 "Boredom:一個生動的歷史"

quotes Norman Doidge's findings that "nothing

引用Norman Doidge的研究結果："沒有任何東西

speeds brain atrophy more being

加速腦萎縮更被

immobilized in the same environment: the monotony

單調乏味

undermines our dopamine and attentional systems crucial for maintaining

破壞了我們的多巴胺和注意力系統，對保持

brain plasticity." Variety

大腦可塑性。"綜藝節目

and stimulation encourage neurogenesis, new brain cells

和刺激鼓勵神經發生，新的腦細胞。

and can extend the lives of cells that already exist in certain regions

並能延長某些區域已經存在的細胞的壽命。

of the brain. In order to avoid a lack of stimulation,

的大腦。為了避免缺乏刺激。

our brains will even try to make up their own stimulations -

我們的大腦甚至會嘗試自己製造刺激---------------------------------------------------------------------。

hallucinations. Hallucinations can be induced

幻覺。幻覺可能是由以下原因引起的

in almost anyone's brain, if there isn't enough stimulation

在幾乎任何人的大腦，如果沒有'的足夠的刺激

around. For instance, the ganzfeld effect.

左右。例如，甘孜菲爾德效應。

When exposed to random noise and unchanging monochromatic field,

當暴露在隨機噪聲和不變的單色場下時。

the brain freaks out and starts generating hallucinations.

大腦發飆，開始產生幻覺。

The effect can also be induced with ping pong balls hemispheres

乒乓球半球也可以誘發這種效果。

over the eyes and a radio tuned to static.

遮住眼睛，收音機調成靜態。

Extended sensory deprivation in a special chamber

在一個特殊的房間裡進行長時間的感官剝奪。

that eliminates site, sound, smell, taste and tactile sensations

消除現場、聲音、氣味、味道和觸覺的感覺。

by floating the body in a special fluid to reduce the sensation of weight

將身體漂浮在一種特殊的液體中，以減輕重量感

can also cause hallucinations as well

也可引起幻覺

as anxiety. When denied proper stimulation,

作為焦慮。當得不到適當的刺激時。

the brain goes through phases that begin with boredom

厭倦期

and if left unchecked can become worse.

如果不加以控制會變得更糟。

It's a phenomenon well-documented in animals confined to cages

這是被關在籠子裡的動物的一種現象，有據可查的。

for long periods of time, and, in a horrific case,

長時間，而且，在一個可怕的案例中。

a human child named Genie. Born

一個名叫精靈的人類小孩。出生

in 1957 in Arcadia, California,

1957年在加州阿卡迪亞。

Genie became one of the most famous cases of abnormal

吉尼成為最著名的異常案例之一。

child psychology. Her father was abusive to her and her family

兒童心理學。她的父親對她和她的家人都有虐待行為

and delusional. He hated the outside world and sought to isolate his family

和妄想症。他憎恨外面的世界，並試圖孤立他的家人。

from it

從中

as best he could. He confined Genie

他儘可能的。他把吉尼關在家裡

to a room with only two blacked-out windows for the first

到一個只有兩扇黑漆漆的窗戶的房間，第一次

thirteen years of her life. He often tied her to a toilet chair

她生命中的13年。他經常把她綁在廁所的椅子上

and never fed her solid food. When authorities finally found her,

而且從未給她餵過固體食物。噹噹局終於找到她時，

in 1970, she had not acquired a language

1970年，她還沒有掌握語言

and had the mental age of an 18-month-old child.

並有18個月大的孩子的心理年齡。

Genie was extensively studied and became a staple

精靈被廣泛研究，成為主打產品

of psychology courses, a rare example of an impossible

的心理學課程，這是一個罕見的不可能的例子。

experiment. What if a human child was

實驗。如果一個人類的孩子是

isolated from human contact, social behaviors

孤立於人與人之間的接觸，社會行為

and human language. A feral child, not raised by the proverbial

和人的語言。一個野孩子，沒有被眾所周知的

wolves, but instead

狼，而是

right in the middle of suburbia. Genie

就在郊區的中央。精靈

is still alive today, her identity anonymous,

如今她還活著，身份不詳。

as a ward of the state of California. Extended

作為加州的監護人。延長

under stimulation isn't just a punishment inflicted by delusional

在刺激下不只是一個懲罰施加妄想症的

caretakers,

照顧者；

it's also a punishment inflicted on criminals,

它'也是對罪犯施加的一種懲罰。

especially in the form a solitary confinement.

特別是以單獨監禁的形式。

In the Bureau of Prisons, the record for most

在監獄局，創下了大多數監獄的記錄。

time spent denied social contact is held

被拒之門外

and still being set by Thomas Silverstein.

並仍由托馬斯-西爾弗斯坦設定。

Considered extremely dangerous, Silverstein has been kept in solitude

西爾弗斯坦被認為是極度危險的，他一直被單獨關押著

since 1983. He has barely seen a single

自1983年以來。他幾乎沒有見過一個

other human for the last 29 years.

在過去的29年裡，其他人類。

Stories like those are intense

這樣的故事很激烈

and are far beyond everyday occasional boredom,

並遠超日常偶爾的無聊。

simple boredom. What you feel when waiting

簡單的無聊。當你在等待的時候，你的感覺是什麼？

at an airport or listening to an unengaging lecture

在機場或聽著無趣的講座

is not a disorder, it's not a moodm

是不紊亂，它'不是一個情緒m。

it's an emotion. Robert Plutchik's wheel of emotions is a great way to

它'是一種情緒。Robert Plutchik'的情緒輪是一個很好的方式來。

visualize this.

形象化這一點。

The wheel is based on 8 basic emotions extended

輪子是基於8種基本情緒延伸出來的。

in order of intensity. Boredom is positioned as a

按強度排序。無聊被定位為

light version of disgust. Emotions

輕版的厭惡。情緒

are not superfluous. Normal amounts of them have a purpose.

不是多餘的。正常數量的它們是有用途的。

Creatures who feel emotions are often compelled to do

有感情的生物，往往會被迫去做

and not do more complicated things than merely

而不是做更復雜的事情，只是

eating, drinking, sleeping and procreating, like

吃喝拉撒睡，生兒育女，就像

building friendships, apologizing, loving unconditionally and

建立友誼，道歉，無條件的愛，以及。

planning and building for the future. Disgust

未來的規劃和建設。厭惡

is an emotion we don't like. It keeps us from doing things. Its purpose

是一種我們不喜歡的情緒。它讓我們無法做事情。它的目的

is most likely a warning, an alarm triggered by things that appear rancid,

很有可能是一種警告，是由出現餿味的東西引發的警報。

spoiled or toxic, that could poison us or make us sick.

變質的或有毒的，可以毒害我們或使我們生病。

Like a good friend, disgust pushes us away from such things. It guides us

像一個好朋友一樣，厭惡讓我們遠離這些東西。它引導我們

in a healthy direction. Likewise, boredom

向著健康的方向發展。同樣，無聊

protects us. Monotonous speakers,

保護我們。單調的發言者。

mind-numbing tasks and overloaded sameness,

令人頭疼的任務和超負荷的同一性。

those things aren't dirty or poisonous, they're just not

那些東西不髒或有毒，他們只是不

stimulating enough. Boredom compels us to new things,

足夠刺激。無聊讓我們不得不接受新事物。

fresh stimulation and when it can't be overcome

新鮮的刺激，當它不能被克服的時候

a propensity to boredom is a sign of a healthy mind.

厭煩的傾向是健康心態的標誌。

It's advantageous. Creatures who felt it wound up

它'的優勢。感受到它的生物，最後

doing more, flourished more, which led to more creatures like themselves,

做的多了，興旺了，這才有了更多像自己一樣的生物。

boredness feelers. So the next time you're

無聊的感覺。所以，下次你'的時候。

a little bored, be proud.

有點無聊，要驕傲。

Thank your ancestors, you are participating in a life

感謝你的祖先，你是在參與一個人生

improving drive, like hunger or thirst

強勁

that pushes us toward new and better things.

促使我們向著新的更好的事情發展。

Give yourself time away from the usual distractions

給自己一點時間，讓自己遠離平常的分心。

to get bored. It will be

感到厭煩。這將是

boring, but boring is literally how

枯燥，但枯燥是字面上的

holes get made and perfected. Not all holes are useful but some

孔得到製造和完善。不是所有的孔都有用，但有些

become people's to some pretty cool stuff.

成為人們'的到一些很酷的東西。

And as always,

和以往一樣。

thanks for watching.

謝謝你的觀看。