Name: 該相信你的直覺嗎？(Should You Trust Your Gut Instinct?)
Uploaded: 2018-10-16T21:01:20.000Z
Duration: 4 min 26 s

Do you ever get that feeling in your gut that something is the right or wrong decision,

你有沒有曾經用你的直覺察覺到某些事情是對或錯的決定

基礎被動語態

but you don't know why? Our intuition is often deemed as mysticism or linked with telepathy

但你不知道原因 ? 我們的直覺通常被視為模糊思想或與心靈感應

and premonitions, but is there a science behind it? Should you trust your intuition?

和預感有關，但其背後有科學根據嗎 ? 你該相信你的直覺嗎 ?

Understanding something immediately without conscious reasoning is less about seeing into

在沒有意識的推理之前就立即了解某些事情，並非是能看到未來

the future and more to do with pattern recognition. If I showed you this layout of an actual chess

而是與模式識別有關。如果我給你看這個實際象棋遊戲的佈局 5 秒鐘

game for 5 seconds, could you reproduce it? Studies show that most chess novices can recreate

你能再現它嗎？研究顯示大部分的象棋新手能夠還原 25%

25% of it, but chess masters do it with 95% accuracy. However, if the task is repeated

而象棋老手能還原 95%。然而，若這個實驗是將象棋位置隨機擺放

with the pieces in completely random positions, both the novices and masters only recall 25%.

The masters don't have photographic memory - they simply use their knowledge and intuition,

老手沒有過目不忘的記憶力 ─ 他們只是依循他們多年來練習中看到的模式，

based on patterns they have seen over years of practice!

Our brain processes information through both slow and fast thinking. For example, this

我們的大腦以慢速及快速思考處理來處理資訊。舉例來說

math problem with cause a stress response, and your brain will kick into slow thinking

這個數學問題引起壓力反應，你的大腦會進入慢速思考來解決它

to solve it. But this picture involves fast thinking; understanding the emotion of sadness

但同時還有快速思考；體會到難過的情緒

is an immediate brain response. And this fast thinking is where intuition lies.

就是一種大腦的直接反應。而快速思考就是直覺所在

In a similar study on the Japanese board game Shogi, participants were asked to solve a

在對日本棋盤遊戲「將棋」的類似研究中，參與者被要求於 1 秒鐘內完成將軍

checkmate move within one second. With no time for conscious analysis, brain scans showed

玩家由於沒有時間進行有意識的分析，腦部掃描顯示

no activation of the cortex in expert Shogi players, the part of the brain responsible

專業的將棋玩家腦中皮質部位沒有被激活，而這是大腦負責有意識思考的部位

for conscious thought. Instead, the basal ganglia, which is linked to habit formation

相反的，卻觸發了與習慣形成和主動行為相關的

Interestingly, when it comes to complex decisions like buying a house, while many believe careful

有趣的是，當涉及購買房屋這樣的複雜決策時，許多人認為事前

thought with a pro's and con's list is best, one study actually found that participants

仔細地考慮購買的優缺點是最好的，但一項研究實際發現

made better choices when they went with their snap decision. It turns out we often only

參與者在快速做出決策時做出了更好的選擇。事實證明

take into account a subset of relevant information which can lead to us weighing the importance

我們通常只考慮決策相關訊息的一個部分，這可能導致我們無法準確地衡量每個屬性的重要性

of each attribute inaccurately. The study also found that those who trusted their gut

該研究還發現那些相信他們的直覺的人

were more satisfied with their decisions in the long run than those who thought through

以長遠來看，他們的決定比那些需要深思熟慮的人還要令人滿意

the process carefully. However, when making simple purchases like what toothpaste to buy

然而，當進行簡單的購物，比如購買牙膏時

- where variables are not as complex - the study found intentional thought and research

─ 其需要考慮的面向不複雜 ─ 研究發現有意識的思考和研究

Think you can identify the sound of your own voice? Surprisingly, after listening to a

想一下你是否認得自己的聲音 ? 令人驚訝的是，當聽完

recording of many voices in succession, including their own, 75% of participants in a study

許多聲音的錄音，包括自己聲音的錄音，有 75% 的參與者在一項研究中

made a mistake recognizing their own voice. But the most fascinating part is that their

錯認了自己的聲音。但最令人玩味的部分是

skin conductance was also measured, and these levels went much higher when their own voice

他們皮膚的電導也同時被監測著，而當他們聽到自己的聲音時，皮膚的電導值會變得更高

came on - even though they didn't consciously recognize their voice, suggesting they had

─ 即使他們無意識到認出自己的聲音，意味著

ignored their intuition which knew the correct answer first.

他們忽略了自己的直覺，而直覺上已經預先知道正確的答案了

This same phenomenon was shown in a card game that uses 4 decks of cards. The participants

同樣的現象顯示在玩使用 4 副牌的紙牌遊戲中。參與者

would select a card from any pile which would either be good or bad. Without them knowing

將從任何一副選擇一張好或壞的牌。事先不知道

at first, decks A&B had more bad cards, while C&D had more good cards. After choosing 10

A 和 B 副有較多不好的牌，而 C 和 D 副有較多好牌。在選擇 10 張牌後

cards, the participants had no idea what was happening, but by 50 cards most would suspect

參與者還不知道正在發生什麼事情，但在選擇 50 張牌後，大部分的人會懷疑

that some decks were better than others. Finally after 80 cards, they could articulate that

有某幾副牌比較好。在選擇 80 張牌後，他們能夠確定

decks A&B were bad and C&D were good. But again, even though they knew it consciously,

A 和 B 副有較多不好的牌，而 C 和 D 副有較多好牌。但再一次有意識地知道這結果以前

their skin conductance levels would rise as early as the first 10 cards in response to

他們皮膚的電導值早在選擇 10 張牌後，接近 A 和 B 副牌時就有所提升

reaching for pile A&B. Their skin was already making unconscious signals about the right

他們的皮膚已經在他們有意識之前發出了關於正確選擇的無意識信號

choice before their conscious mind did. Of course, their skin didn't KNOW the correct

當然，他們的皮膚並不知道正確的答案

answer, but their unconscious mind began understanding patterns before their conscious mind had.

但他們的無意識思維已經在他們有意識之前開始察覺了特定模式

So is following your intuition always the route to go? Not in cases of empathy, it turns

所以跟隨你的直覺就對了嗎？事實證明，並非在同理心的情況下

out. A study involving over 900 participants found that when it came to accurately interpreting

一項有 900 多名參與者的研究發現，當想要精確地闡述

and understanding the feelings of others, systematic thinking or carefully analyzing

或了解別人的感受時，在下決定前系統性的思考或仔細分析

the information available before making a decision was more successful than going with

Relying on our past experiences is essentially how our intuition is formed and it has helped

過去的經驗有助於我們直覺的形成，它幫助我們的祖先

our ancestors determine friend from foe. However we were given two systems of thinking - fast

分辨敵人或朋友。然而，我們的大腦有兩個思考系統 ─ 快速和慢速

and slow, and we recommend that it's best to follow them both.

Special thanks to audible for supporting this episode to give you a free 30 day trial at

特別感謝 audible 贊助這一集影片，並為您提供 30 天免費試用

audible.com/asap. This week we wanted to recommend the book “Algorithms to live by” which

於 audible.com/asap。這週我們想推薦「生活中的演算法」這本書

is a really interesting look at how computer algorithms can be applied to your everyday

它非常有趣地展示了計算機演算法如何應用於您的日常生活！

life! You can get a free 30 day trial at audible.com/asap and choose from a massive selection! We love

您可以在 audible.com/asap 上免費試用30天，並從眾多選項中進行挑選！

them as they are great when you're on the go.

我們喜愛 audible，因為他們提供很棒的使用過程

And subscribe for more weekly science videos!