web design… even small details, like the fonts that make up most compositions.

甚至是小細節，例如佔設計作品大部分的字體，

What do these examples have in common?

這些基本原理有什麼共通點？

Some very basic elements, including line, shape, form, texture, and balance.

有些是非常基本的元素，例如細條、形狀、格式、質地與平衡，

They might not seem like much on their own, but together… they're part of almost everything

單獨看可能沒什麼，可是若組合在一起，

we see and create.

就是我們所看見或創造的事物一部分，

The fundamentals can be intimidating, especially if you don't consider yourself an artist.

這些基本元素對不覺得自己是藝術家的人來說可能會特別難，

However, there's a lot they can teach you about working with different assets and creating

然而它們也可以教你如何使用不同的實用材料，

simple visuals from scratch.

以及從零開始創造簡單的視覺藝術，

Let's start at the beginning with one of the most basic elements of all… the line.

我們先從最基礎之一的線條開始，

A line is a shape that connects two or more points.

線條是連接兩個或更多個點得到的形狀，

It can be fat or thin… wavy or jagged.

可以很粗、很細、波浪狀或鋸齒狀，

Every possibility gives the line a slightly different feel.

每個可能性都會讓線條給人不太一樣的感受，

Lines appear frequently in design; for example, in drawings and illustrations… and graphic

線條在設計中常常出現，例如繪畫、或插畫、

elements, like textures and patterns.

以及圖像元素，像是質地和圖樣，

They're also common in text compositions, where they can add emphasis… divide or organize

線條在文字結構中也很常見，

content… or even guide the viewer's eye.

可以強調、區分、或組織內容，甚至引導觀看者的注意力，

When working with lines, pay attention to things like weight, color, texture, and style.

製作線條時要注意重量、顏色、質地、風格等性質，

These subtle qualities can have a big impact on the way your design is perceived.

這些細微的特性能大幅影響其他人對設計作品的觀感，

Look for places where lines are hiding in plain sight; for example, in text.

在文字內容中，可以尋找那些看似找不到但其實很明顯的線條，

Even here, experimenting with different line qualities can give you very different results.

嘗試不同的線條性質也能產生非常不同的結果。

A shape is any 2-dimensional area with a recognizable boundary.

形狀是二維區域，有清楚的邊界，

This includes circles, squares, triangles, and so on.

包括圓形、正方形、三角形等等，

Shapes fall into two distinct categories: geometric (or regular) and organic (where

形狀可分成兩個不同類別：幾何形狀 (或稱規則形狀) 以及

the shapes are more freeform).

比較自由的有機形狀，

Shapes are a vital part of communicating ideas visually.

形狀是溝通視覺想法的重要部分，

They give images heft and make them recognizable.

它們給予圖像重量，讓圖像更清楚，

We understand street signs, symbols, and even abstract art largely because of shapes.

我們可以理解道路標誌、象徵符號、或抽象藝術大多都是形狀的功勞，

Shapes have a surprising number of uses in everyday design.

形狀在日常設計的用途多得驚人，

They can help you organize or separate content… create simple illustrations… or just add

可以幫助你組織或分離內容、創造簡單的圖案、

interest to your work.

或是讓工作更有樂趣，

Shapes are important because they're the foundation of so many things.

形狀很重要，是許多事物的基礎，

Learn to look for them in other designs, and soon, you'll start seeing them everywhere.

設計者必須學習在設計作品裡尋找形狀，這樣很快就能處處發現它們的蹤跡，

When a shape becomes 3D, we call it a form.

當形狀變成3D時，就成為形體，

Forms can be 3-dimensional and exist in the real world… or they can be implied, using

形體可以以三維形式真實存在，或是利用燈光、陰影、透視等方法表示，

techniques like light, shadow, and perspective to create the illusion of depth.

創造出有厚度的錯覺，

In 2-dimensional design, form makes realism possible.

在平面設計裡，形體能讓圖案變得更真實，

Without it, a bouncing rubber ball is just a circle.

沒有形體，彈跳的橡皮球只是一個圓形，

A 3D building is just a series of rectangles.

立體建築只是一連串的長方形，

Even flat designs use subtle techniques to hint at form and depth.

平面設計也會用細微技巧表現形體和深度，

In everyday compositions, the purpose of form is the same, but on a smaller scale.

在生活中的常見設計，使用形體的目的大致相同，只是使用範圍比較小一點，

For example, a simple shadow can create the illusion of layers… or give an object a

像是一個簡單的陰影可以產生層次感錯覺

sense of place.

或是空間感，

Basic forms can bring a touch of realism to your work—a powerful tool when used in moderation.

簡單的形體可以讓作品更有真實感，適度使用時，形體是個強大的工具。

Texture is the physical quality of a surface.

質地是表面的物理性質，

Like form, it can be 3-dimensional—something you can see and touch—or it can be implied,

跟形體一樣，質地可以在三維空間存在，可看見可觸摸，

suggesting that it would have texture if it existed in real life.

或是用表現手法表示某個物體若存在於現實世界會有質地，

In design, texture adds depth and tactility to otherwise flat images.

在設計中，若沒有質地增加深度和觸感，圖像就會變得扁平，

Objects can appear smooth, rough, hard, or soft, depending on the elements at play.

依據質地不同，物體可以看起來平滑、粗糙、堅硬、柔軟，

For beginners, textures make great background images and can add a lot of interest to your

對初學者來說，質地可以用作不錯的背景圖片，

work.

為作品增加一些樂趣，

Look closely, and you may find texture in unexpected places, like distressed fonts…

仔細觀察，你可能就會在意料之外的地方發現質地，例如仿舊字體，

and smooth, glossy icons.

以及平滑有光澤的標示，

Just be careful not to go overboard—too much texture in a single design can quickly

只是要小心別過度使用質地，

become overwhelming.

否則作品會讓人眼花撩亂

Balance is the equal distribution of visual weight (in other words, how much any one thing

平衡是視覺重量的平均分配，

attracts the viewer's eye).

視覺重量是指每個物體對人眼的吸引程度多寡，

Balance can be affected by many things, including color, size, number, and negative space.

許多因素會影響平衡，包括顏色、大小、數量、負空間，

Mastering balance can be tricky for beginners, because it does take some intuition.

掌握平衡需要一些直覺，對初學者會很困難，

Luckily, the design world is full of examples that you can help you understand its different

幸好設計領域有許多範例，

iterations.

可以幫助你了解不同的修訂版本，

Symmetrical designs are the same or similar on both sides of an axis.

對稱設計是指物件在一個軸線的同一邊或對面，

They feel balanced because each side is effectively the same (if not identical).

看起來很平衡，因為兩邊的物件就算不同，實際上也會產生同樣效果，

Asymmetrical designs are different, but the weight is still evenly distributed.

非對稱設計則包含不同物件，可是視覺重量仍然有平均分配，

The composition is balanced because it calls attention to the right things.

能讓注意力集中在正確的事物上，所以這個組成也很平衡

Many people use a strategy called the rule of thirds.

許多人會用一個方法叫「三分構圖法」，

This imagines your work area divided into a 3x3 grid.

在這張圖片裡，工作區域可以分成橫排直排各三塊的格子，

The focal point of the image is placed on or near one of these lines, creating visual

圖片的中心物件放在其中一條線上或附近，

balance with the rest of the space.

可以創造跟其餘空間的平衡，

We find this type of composition appealing because, according to studies, the human eye

根據研究，人眼瀏覽設計時會很自然地根據這個原則判斷優劣，

naturally follows this path when scanning a design.

所以這種組成很有吸引力，

The fundamentals of design are all about the bigger picture—in other words, learning

設計的基本原理都與一個大架構有關─

to appreciate the many small details that make up every composition.

學習欣賞許多組成作品的小細節，

This insight can be applied to almost any type of project, whether you're creating your

這些見解可以應用在幾乎任何的設計工作，

own graphics… or just looking for simple ways to enhance your work.

不管是設計自己的圖案，或只是尋找一些簡單的方法加強設計，

Thanks for joining us for the fundamentals of design.

謝謝觀看「設計第一步─設計原理」，

Check out the rest of our design topics, including color, typography, and more.

也請看看我們其他的設計主題影片，包括顏色、字體編排等等。