Vocabulary learning is somehow tedious, boring...

背單字通常都很枯燥、無聊

I hate memorizing vocabulary.

我超討厭背單字

'cause it's just boring.

因為就很無聊啊

Especially when you have to memorize from a word list.

特別是你要背單字清單的時候

Some teachers would suggest students to just.....read more!

有些老師會建議學生，多看書

When you learn vocabulary while reading, this is called incidental acquisition.

當你在閱讀的時候學到新單字，就叫做「附帶習得」（自己翻XD）

So past research has shown that the number of the word that is seen by the learner determines

過去的研究發現，看見一個單字的次數

whether or not he or she remembers this word or retain it long term.

決定這個人能不能記得把這個單字背起來，或是長期記憶

Our question for today is: does extensive reading help vocabulary acquisition?

今天要探討的問題是：大量閱讀可以幫助單字學習嗎？

Profesor Horst did a research on second language vocabulary acquisition.

Professor Horst做了一個透過大量閱讀來學習第二外語單字的研究

So today we're gonna look at the research and its results and see ...... My cat......

今天我們要來看看這個研究然後⋯⋯嘖我的貓⋯⋯

So professor Horst did a research on students learning second language vocabulary through

Professor Horst做了一個研究，探討學生透過大量閱讀

extensive reading.

學習第二外語單字

And today we're gonna look at the research and its results and see what the learners

今天我們要來看看這個研究在幹嘛，還有它的結果

can take away from the research.

看看我們能從中學到什麼

So, let's get started!

那～我們就開始吧

21 adult ESL students at a community center in Montreal were chosen.

21個來自蒙特婁社區中心的成人英文學習者被抽樣

They took a 100-item pre-reading word knowledge test before they started their extensive reading

他們在密集閱讀之前，先做了一個100題的單字預試

program.

其中50個字是這他們本來就應該會的，另外還有50個不常見的單字

50 words are words that the learners should have known, along with 50 unfamiliar words

這些單字比較有可能透過密集閱讀而習得，而不是其他管道

that are more likely to be learned from the reading instead of other sources.

在密集閱讀開始之後，學生選了符合自己程度和興趣的書

After the program started, students choose books of their level and interest.

讀完之後，受試者做了另外一個100題的單字測驗

Upon finishing the reading, the participants took another 100-item post-test to test their

測試他們在六週內的單字量變化

vocabulary growth in 6 weeks.

好～那我們來看看結果吧

So now, let's look at the results.

所有的受試者都在密集閱讀後，得到比預試更高的分數

All the participants got a higher score on the post-test after the extensive reading

他們在六週之間，大約學到了17個單字

program.

十個自來自不常見的單字清單，也就是說

They learned about 17 new words throughout the 6 weeks.

這些字是他們從密集閱讀中學到的

10 of the words are from the 50 unfamiliar word list, which means that they acquired

從這個研究，我們可以總結出

these ten words through the extensive reading.

密集閱讀的確可以幫助單字學習

So from this research, we can conclude that extensive reading does help the acquisition

現在我們來看看可以從這個研究中學到什麼

of new vocabulary.

首先，六個禮拜間，從一本書學到17個單字，我覺得⋯⋯

And now we can think about what the learners can take away from this research.

不是一個很理想的背單字方式

Number one, learning 17 new words from a book uh...throughout 6 weeks.....I would say it's

所以，如果你想比較快速累積自己的單字量

not a very promising way to learn vocabulary.

密集閱讀可能不是一個首選

So if you're looking for rapid growth in your vocabulary, extensive reading might not be

不過密集閱讀也是有其他優點

the best choice.

就是你可以更快速的認出常見的字

But extensive reading has another benefit.

換句話說，就是可以增加閱讀速度

It is that you could recognize frequently seen words more quickly.

這是很多人都希望達到的，可以透過大量閱讀達成

In other words, you could increase your reading speed.

大量閱讀增加閱讀速度之餘

This is what a lot of people want and you can do this through extensive reading.

也可以附帶學到一些單字

Extensive reading helps you increase your reading speed, at the same time, you could

第二，這些學生長期下來會記得這些單字嗎？

learn vocabulary incidentally.

複習還是很重要的部分，這個研究中，單字測驗是在

Number two, are the students going to remember these words learned from the reading in the

學生讀完書之後馬上做的

long run?

這可能是為什麼他們都明顯進步

So reviewing is still a really important part and in this research, the post-test was given

無論如何，如果你想長期記得單字，還是需要多複習

to the students right after they read the book.

而不是只有大量閱讀

Maybe that's why they scored impressively.

第三，最重要的是，如果你想大量閱讀

Anyways, if you want to remember vocabulary for a long time, you still have to review,

盡量找符合自己程度和興趣的書

not just read extensively.

在這個研究中，受試者都選了自己有興趣

Number three, the most important takeaway is that when you want to read extensively,

而且程度相當的書

try to find a book that is of your level and also a topic that you're interested in.

我想這也幫助他們藉由閱讀學習新單字，因為他們會有動力

In this research, all the participants read something that they're interested in and that

去繼續閱讀，而不會覺得迷失或無聊、毫無挑戰

is of their level.

所以在想大量閱讀時，挑對的書是很重要的

I think that also helped them acquire vocabulary incidentally because you would have the momentum

要看到一個單字多少次才會記得，數目方面還沒定論

to keep on reading instead of feeling lost or feeling not being challenged at all.

這也不意外，因為這要看學習者的語言能力

So picking the right book is really important when you try to read extensively.

還有其他因素

There's no clear conclusion regarding to the number of the encounters for vocabulary acquisition,

例如，一個新的單字如果在學習者的母語中沒有「詞彙化」（又自己亂翻XD）

which is not surprising because it really depends on the readers' language proficiency

也就是在學習者的母語中，沒有相對應的字或是翻譯

and other factors.

那對於學習者來說，就很難記得這個新單字的意義

For example, if the new word is not lexicalized in the learners' first language, which means

所以有很多因素會影響單字的「附帶習得」

that in the learners' first language, there's no equivalent or direct translation of the

但我們可以從這個研究得知，大量閱讀除了學習單字外

word.

也有其他的優點

It may make it kind of difficult for the learner to remember what it means.

這支影片差不多這樣啦

So there are many factors that contribute to incidental acquisition.

之後還會有更多跟第二語言習得相關的影片

But what we can learn from this research is that extensive reading has more benefits than

請密切注意～

incidental vocabulary acquisition.

別忘了訂閱我的頻道，還有按一下喜歡～如果你喜歡這支影片

So this is pretty much it for this video.

我會把所有的文獻放在下方資訊欄

There would be more videos about second language acquisition research that's coming up.

所以有興趣就去看看吧

So stay tuned.

啊～～差不多就這樣啦，對吧

Don't forget to subscribe to this channel and click the like button if you like it.

OK!

I would link all the reference that I used in this video down in the description box

我該說掰掰啦～

so go check it out if you're interested.

ㄅ ㄅ ～

Ahhh I think that's pretty much it~~~isn't it?

Ok!

I gotta say bye.

Bye bye~~