It's me, Destin. Welcome back to SmarterEveryDay. When you're in a jet, if the

我是德斯汀，歡迎收看每天變得更聰明。當你在噴射機上，如果

cabin depressurizes, they drop this little mask out of the top.

客艙突然失壓，小面罩從天花板上掉下來

What happens if you're in a depressurized cabin and you're up above 15,000 feet [4,500m]

如果你在一萬五千英呎以上客艙突然失壓？

and you drop your mask? Something called hypoxia takes effect and you got to do

沒有戴上氧氣面罩，這就叫做"缺氧"Hypoxia

something about that.

你必須做些處置吧！

Let's get smarter every day.

讓我們一起來看看吧！

You've heard the flight attendants say this before,

你一定聽過空服員這麼說：

“Secure your own mask before helping others.” But why?

'在幫助他人前，先把自己的氧氣面罩戴上" 但是，為什麼呢？

Why did they say that? Is the 30 seconds it takes to put

在我花30秒協助旁邊的小孩戴上氧氣面罩

on a kid’s mask next to me really that important?

這30秒真的那麼重要嗎？

15 years ago I learned the answer to this question when I was selected to

15年前，當我被選訓參加NASA的無重力訓練課程的學員時

participate in NASA’s Reduced Gravity Student Flight Opportunities Program at

我才知道這個答案。

NASA’s Johnson Space Center. Before I got to ride in the Vomit Comet I had to

在NASA 的強森太空中心。在進行Vomit Comet 之前，

undergo physiological training in a hypobaric chamber at the neutral

我必須先進行減壓艙的訓練。

buoyancy lab.

00:00:54,500 --> 00:00:59,000 快轉...今天，太空人Don Pettit 要來做缺氧的複訓

Fast forward to now. Today, astronaut Don Pettit is scheduled to renew his hypoxia

課程， 我請問他是否願意帶著我一起進行

training certification and I asked him if it would be okay if I tagged along

讓我隨著他一起在前往隔壁減壓艙前

let me swim a few laps with him over the International Space Station mock-up in

模擬太空艙裡一起游幾圈

the neutral buoyancy lab before we headed over next door for Don’s training.

減壓艙訓練的目地

– You look like something the dog dragged in. – I feel like it, too. The purpose

是讓太空人知道當他們的大腦

of hypoxia training is to let astronauts and aviators know when their brain’s

即將要停止正確的運作的時候，這是非常非常重要的

about to stop working correctly, which is very, very important. If you’re at a high

如果你的飛機在很高的高度空氣很稀薄，有艙壓的話

altitude in an airplane, the air is thinner but the cabin is pressurized, so

你的身體才有足夠的氧氣運作

your body gets enough oxygen to operate. To simulate cabin depressurization, NASA

為了模擬客艙失壓，NASA把太空人放在一個海平面的密閉空間 然後

puts its astronauts in a chamber at sea level and then pumps the air out to

把空氣抽出來 模擬高空的狀況

thin it out, so that it simulates a higher altitude.

Don 的訓練從教室開始 著重在了解

Don’s training starts with class work focused on understanding the specific

缺氧在自己身上會出現的特別徵狀。

signs and symptoms of hypoxia in his own body.

這個訓練的目標是要了解自己的生理症狀

The goal of this training is to understand your own physiological symptoms so that

所以你可以在發生的時候很快的反應

you can take action quickly.

例如，Don 說他覺得視野狹隘及缺氧

For example, Don said he experiences tunnel vision and air hunger, but I

但是我記得我15年前的訓練 會開始覺得快樂

remember for my training 15 years ago that get really happy and start to

並且有全身刺痛的感覺

tingle all over

我無法認真的跟你說話 這就是我看起來的樣子

– I can't take you seriously because this is what you look like.

"你說什麼？ 我看起來很正常吧！？"

– What do you mean? I look perfectly normal. – [giggling]

我和Don 一起進入減壓艙

This is the experiment we're going to do: Don and I are both going to enter the

我們將上升至2萬5千英呎

hypobaric chamber at the same time and fly to FL250, at which point we are

然後把面罩拿下來 開始體驗缺氧的影響

going to remove our masks and start to experience the effects of hypoxia.

Don 是控制組 他是經過訓練的太空人

Don is the control. He’s a trained astronaut who recognizes the symptoms

他能夠認知缺氧狀況並且馬上加以改正。

for hypoxia and immediately corrects for them.

相對的，我是直接由NASA 的航醫監控

I, on the other hand, am under the direct supervision of a NASA flight surgeon and

在我發現缺氧的影響後

after I notice the effects of hypoxia,

我可以延遲一分鐘再把氧氣面罩戴上

I’ve asked if I could delay for about one minute so we can better understand

這樣我可以更了解缺氧的生理效應。

the physiological effects of not immediately putting your mask on.

好，我們要開始囉！

OK, here we go, we're getting set up.

當Jerry 幫我進入狀況 我們將會有兩種失壓：

While Jerry gets me situated, I’m going to talk about the two types of

第一種快速失壓

decompression: Number one, rapid decompression this is like being inside

就好像在氣球裡面爆炸一樣。

of an explosion.

突然在一瞬間把壓力洩光 所有的溼氣在空氣中凝結

You dump all your pressure instantly, all the moisture condenses out of the air,

突然進入雲霧中 非常可怕的感覺。

you’re suddenly in a cloud. Very scary, very violent

但是我們沒有要做那個 我們要來模擬一個慢慢的

Yeah, we’re not going to do that. What we're going to do is simulate a slow,

持續穩定的漏氣 從海平面開始 上升率每分鐘5000英呎(1500米)

steady leak. We’re going to start at sea level and ascend at 5,000 feet [1,500m] per minute

一路爬到2萬5千英呎(7500米)的高度 飛行員稱之為 飛航空層兩五洞

all the way up to 25,000 feet [7,500m], or as aviators call it, flight level 250

Jerry 你可以看到上面有個高度表

OK, I want to make one thing abundantly clear. We performed this demonstration at

我們現在通過10000英呎。

25,000 feet [7,500m]. I had about three to five minutes of consciousness left.

我要開始介紹下氣體膨脹效應

However, most airliners travel at 35,000 feet [10,000m].

你可以看到氣球已經開始顯現出這個減壓的影響

Look at this chart: There is way less oxygen up there.

波以爾定律告訴我們任何時候

At 35,000 feet [10,000m] you literally have seconds of useful consciousness at that altitude.

00:03:21,600 --> 00:03:24,120 我們身體溫度維持恆定

You can go from a normally rational person to someone so helpless you can

我們到一個高度 減低壓力

even save yourself if your life depends on it.

我們體內的空氣就會開始膨脹

I don’t-

我的腸子內現在正體驗波以爾定律...

I don’t wanna die

我也是ㄟ！

I don’t tell you this to scare you. I simply want you to understand the

我們在互傳氣體

physiology behind that little preflight announcement.

好了！ 各位 我們要到飛航空層兩-五-洞 了！

“Put your mask on first before helping others.”

Sharon 要在這個高度改平了

Look, I don’t want to get too deep or philosophical with this,

她要讓我們透透氣

but I think there's a neat metaphor here.

然後把一些你們說的轉彎坡度處理掉

Sometimes it’s easy for me to see the problems in other people and focus on

我們現在到了兩萬五千英呎

that and I get so carried away with fixing other people that I forget that I

我要讓你把面罩拿下來

have a problem too.

從右邊拿下 這樣你們將同時開始缺氧

And I think that’s what’s so cool about this demonstration.

即使面罩拿下來了。 你可以幫我做到嗎？

Sometimes you just got to put your mask on first and get yourself sorted

如果你從右邊把你的面罩拿下來 把開關關斷

before you can help others.

你看看那個手套 他的氣體正在膨脹

– So thanks again for saving my life, by the way. – You're welcome, it was an honor and a pleasure.

手套的氣體正在膨脹

– It was great. – [Inaudible] all the time.

你現在在裡面感覺如何？氣體作用的感覺？

–Thank you.

感覺不錯喔！

There you go, now we learned why you need to put your mask on first

我們現在要開始缺氧示範了喔！ 誰可以幫我拿那個玩具

before you help other people. You don’t want to get hypoxia.

如果你可以幫我用那個

I'm Destin

可以幫我選一塊積木

you’re getting smarter every day, have a good one.

拿起來 給大家看一下 告訴我是什麼形狀的

If you feel like this video earned your subscription, feel free to click this box

他是個三角形！

that I’m in right now or you can click the support on patreon and you'll be

好的 把它放入盒子裡

notified via email every time I release a video.

很好！ 下一個

I want to say thank you to the awesome people at NASA’s neutral buoyancy laboratory.

好 再一個三角形

They kept me super safe, super informed and they educated me and made me smarter every

再一個三角形

moment I was with them. That was really awesome. Thank you so much, guys

圓的？ 是個圓柱體

Anyway, I’m Destin you’re getting smarter every day. Have a good one.

十字

–What’s the deal here, Don? – Well I cut the regular lens off of the goggles

方形的

–OK – and then I took an old pair of glasses and I cut the plastic to fit my

方形的 另個立方塊

goggles and then I glued them on. – You basically MacGyvered your own goggles,

這是一個圓柱體

so that you had correction underwater.

你的鼻子和嘴唇周圍有點發紫哦

– That’s right. – That’s pretty good.

星星