Campfires need wood to release heat, cars need petroleum to move, and you need food to fuel every aspect of your life.

營火需要木材來釋放熱能，車子需要石油來移動

So what would happen to your body, right now, if you suddenly stopped eating food?

而你需要食物來為你的生活提供能量

To understand what happens without food,

所以，如果你現在馬上停止吃東西的話，你的身體會發生什麼事呢?

we first need to understand what happens when you eat.

為了要了解不吃東西會怎麼樣

It starts with the sun, who's energy is harvested by photosynthesis and plants

我們首先要了解吃了東西會發生什麼事

We then consume that stored chemical energy,

一切都由太陽開始，光合作用及植物收集了它的能量

either directly from eating plants like a tomato

然後我們攝取儲存下來的化學能量

or by eating an animal like chicken that has eaten a plant like grains.

不是直接吃植物，例如番茄

If we take a hamburger as an example, you absorb fats from the lipid-filled sauces, proteins from the beef patty, and carbohydrates from the starchy bun.

就是吃像雞一樣吃穀類等等植物的動物

And it's your digestive system using processes like chewing, gastric acid, and enzymes to break the food into small enough molecules that you can then absorb into your bloodstream.

如果我們拿漢堡當例子

Any excess glucose is stored in the liver and muscles as glycogen while some are converted into fats.

你從富含油脂的調味料吸收脂肪

you can visually see some of the fat stores in the pudgier parts of your body.

從牛肉排吸收蛋白質

There are around 37 trillion cells in your body and you start to really

從澱粉製成的麵包吸取碳水化合物

harvest the energy from your food in the mitochondria of your cells.

接著，你的消化系統會經過像是咀嚼的過程，利用胃酸、酶

This is where glucose and fats have been broken down into Acetyl CoA

去將食物分解成夠小的分子，讓你可以吸收他們到血管中

and now go through the citric acid cycle

任何多餘的葡萄糖都會以肝醣的儲存在肝臟和肌肉中

where they're modified continuously to release tons of energy carrying molecules.

有些則會轉換成脂肪

The energy from these molecules are then used to pump protons

你可以看到脂肪囤積在你身體比較肥胖的地方

into a layer of the mitochondria that becomes so dense with protons

你的體內有 37 兆的細胞，在細胞的粒線體中

they need to diffuse back into the less busy space

才開始真正的收集來自食物的能量

and do so by going through a protein called ATP synthase.

葡萄糖及脂肪在這裡分解成乙醯輔酶 A

As a result ATP is created, the most important energy source in your body.

接著進入檸檬酸循環

You use around 10 to the [power of] 25 molecules of ATP everyday.

在這個階段，他們不斷地被改造，並釋放更多攜帶大量能量的分子

When this ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP in your body,

這些從分子出來的能量被用來抽送質子

the bond breaks releasing energy for things like electrons forming bonds

進入粒線體的一層，使得粒線體的這層有高濃度的質子

and essentially creating all aspects of your ability to live.

所以他們必須滲透回比較低濃度的區域

If you stopped consuming food, within 6 hours your body will be breaking down glycogen into glucose

經過一個名為三磷酸腺苷合酶的蛋白質

and fat into acetyl CoA to keep your biological processes at work.

最終，體內最重要的能量來源：ATP (三磷酸腺苷) 被創造出來了

And this is quite normal, but after 72 hours,

你每天大約用了 10 到 10 的 25 次方的 ATP

your body will need to start breaking down protein in order to synthesize glucose from amino acids

當 ATP 在你體中水解成 ADP (二磷酸腺苷)

otherwise your brain will starve.

鍵結斷裂釋放出例如連接鍵結的電子能量

This is because fats used for energy can't cross the blood-brain barrier.

並產生讓你活下去的能量

With no vitamins and minerals being consumed, people might start to get sick within a week.

如果你停止進食，在 6 小時內，你的身體會將肝醣分解成葡萄糖

After several weeks of starvation, fat stores become depleted, and all that is left for energy is proteins.

將脂肪分解成乙醯輔酶 A 來維持你的生理運作

At this point essential proteins for survival, like antibodies used to fight infection

而這個過程很正常，不過禁食 72 小時之後

or muscle proteins used for strength, are now being used to make glucose.

你的身體為了要將葡萄糖合成成胺基酸會開始分解蛋白質

And this loss of protein leads to severe illnesses.

否則你的腦袋會挨餓

Death can come as short as 3 weeks to 70 days,

這是因為作為能量的脂肪無法穿越腦血管的屏蔽

commonly from a heart attack due to the tissue degradation of the heart, diaphragm, and body.

沒有攝取維他命以及礦物質，人們會在一週內開始生病

A factor in how long you live is how hydrated you stay

經過幾週的飢餓，脂肪的庫存開始被消耗

and also how many fat stores you had to begin with.

而最後剩下的能量只剩蛋白質

Although it's pretty amazing to think that if you did stop eating today

到了這時候，生存必須的蛋白質，像是打擊感染用的抗體

you could potentially live for another 70 days,

或者有力量的肌肉蛋白質，都被用來製作葡萄糖

but please, don't try this at home.

而失去這些重要的蛋白質就會造成嚴重的疾病

If you love learning about food then you should definitely check out Skillshare

死亡可能在短短 3 週到 70 天就會到來

who supported this video and is giving away a two month free trial

通常是因為心臟、橫膈膜以及身體的組織受損所造成的心臟病

to the first one thousand of our followers that sign up.

你可以活的多久的一個因素是你體內有多少水分

Skillshare is an online community for creators

以及有多少儲存的油脂可以使用

with more than 17,000 classes in design, photography, and even cooking and culinary courses.

雖然這可能會讓你很驚訝，但如果你今天開始禁食

Everyone can take a class, try a project, and even teach a class themselves

你基本上還可以再活 70 天

with premium membership as low as $10 a month for unlimited access.

不過拜託，別在家嘗試

just head to the link in the description, even on their mobile app

如果你喜歡學習食物相關的知識，那你一定要看看 Skillshare

And subscribe for more weekly science videos every Thursday.

Skillshare 贊助了這集的節目，並贈送兩個月免費的教學