This is Lathe

這是Lathe

I've know him and his wife for almost 20 years.

我認識他和他太太 已經快20年了

In fact, about ten years ago

事實上 大約十年前

we started our own company together.

我們一起開了一家公司

In 2009, Lathe was 36 years old

2009年時 Lathe36歲

and weighed 165lbs.

體重約165磅

He pretty much ate the standard American diet,

他吃的是標準美國飲食

exercised regularly,

規律地運動

and was precisely the same weight he was

而且他的體重和高三時一樣

throughout his senior year of high school.

但接著 Lathe得到一個震驚的消息

But then Lathe received some shocking news.

Okay 你是Poland先生

Okay, you're Mister Poland...Uhhh

嗯 沒錯 你得了糖尿病

Ah yes, you have diabetes!

總之

Anyway, with no family history of the disease,

沒有糖尿病的家族病史

and a diet that most nutritionists would consider healthy,

而吃的又是 大部份營養師認定的健康飲食

shouldn't Lathe be the last person with diabetes?

Lathe應該是 最不可能得糖尿病的人吧

How did this happen?

怎麼會這樣呢

Is Lathe an exception to the rule,

難道Lathe是個例外

or part of an emerging trend?

還是這是個新興的趨勢呢

Did this have something to do with his

這跟所謂的「護心飲食」有關嗎

so called "heart-healthy" diet?

而最重要的是 有多少

and most importantly..

嘿 插一下話 我們

(interupts) Hey real quick, do we...

我們要直走 還是在這左轉

do we go straight here, or do we take this left?

嗯 我會在前面左轉

Hmmm, yeah I would take the left up ahead

Okay 沒問題 抱歉 剛說到哪

Okay good, uh sorry! What were you saying?

沒事 我只是在沈思

No worries, I was just thinking.

有多少現今的健康問題

How many of the health problems we are witnessing today

是現代飲食文化導致的呢

are a result of our modern food culture?

那是個好問題

That's a good question.

的確

Definitely!

嘿 你有左轉嗎

Hey did you take that left?

碳水超載：吃到死的文化

♪♪ Up beat electronic music♪♪

隨著醫學的進步

Carb-Loaded: A Culture Dying to Eat

人們應該是前所未有的健康吧

With advances in medicine, it would seem

但是 看起來似乎正好相反

that people should be healthier now then ever before.

大部份的專家都同意 我們有嚴重的問題

However it's starting to appear the opposite is the case.

我們看到各種慢性疾病的大流行

Most experts agree we have a serious problem.

例如 肥胖、糖尿病 心血管疾病、癌症等等

We are seeing an epidemic explosion of chronic diseases

這是個很長的名單

such as obesity, diabetes, heart disease, cancer

我們總是在講肥胖的流行

The list goes on and on.

但我們開始提到大規模 全球性的肥胖

We've talking about epidemic obesity forever.

因為幾乎全世界的人口都被影響

We started talking about pandemic obesity

在美國 人口肥胖的比例很高

because much of the world's population is now effected

而也許慢慢穩定在很胖的水平

In the United States, where rates of obesity are high

我們有高流行率的肥胖 很胖的水平

and maybe stabilizing at that very high level,

當我們覺得趨勢變緩 肥胖率又開始在不同年齡層上升

we really have hyper endemic obesity- a fixed high level.

我們深陷危機 並沒有誇大 的確深陷危機

Once we start feeling like we're plateauing,

看看社會上 你會發現這些疾病發生率激增

it starts to head back up again in different age groups.

包括 心血管疾病、高血壓

We are in a crisis.There's no other way to put it, we are in a crisis.

癌症、阿茲海默症

A look at our society reveals an alarming rise in heart disease,

肥胖、脂肪肝

hypertension, cancer, alzheimer's

當然還有 糖尿病

obesity, fatty liver disease

這是真的嗎 這裡寫

and, of course, diabetes.

糖尿病不止一種

Are you serious? It says here

那是真的

there is more than one kind of diabetes?

糖尿病折磨人類 已經有很長的歷史了

That's true, and diabetes has been plaguing mankind

事實上

for a very long time. In fact,

糖尿病第一次在醫療文獻中被提及

diabetes was first mentioned in medical literature

是差不多2000年前的事了

almost 2,000 years ago.

糖尿病這一詞

The term diabetes was first coined

是二世紀時 由卡帕多細亞的阿萊泰烏斯命名的 (譯註：阿萊泰烏斯是一個醫學作家)

of Aretaeus of Cappadocia

1675年 mellitus 這個詞

in the early second century.

指的是甜如蜜

In 1675, the word "Meletus"

由Thomas Willis加上的

(which means "sweet like honey")

那是當他發現病患的尿液是甜的

was added by Thomas Willis

他到底是怎麼發現的呢

after discovering the urine of his patients

100年後

was sweet.

糖尿病患的尿液及血液中 證實有過量的糖 的確是甜的

How would he even figure that out?

人們的血液或尿液怎麼會變甜呢

(Slurping sound)

要知道為什麼 我們必須認識一個重要角色

100 years later, and the presence of excess sugar in a diabetic's

胰臟

urine and blood was confirmed. Hence the sweetness.

胰臟是內分泌系統的一部份

What could possibly cause a person's blood or urine to be sweet?

負責生產重要的酵素及荷爾蒙 幫助我們消化食物

To find out, we will need to meet an important character,

其生產的胰島素 能夠調節體內的葡萄糖

the pancreas

或說是血糖濃度

The pancreas is part of the endocrine system

一個健康的胰臟

and produces important enzymes and hormones

可以生產這些酵素和荷爾蒙

that help us break down foods.

在合適的時候

This includes insulin which regulates the body's glucose

生產合適的量

or "sugar level"

來幫助我們消化吃進肚子的食物

A healthy pancreas

當一個人得了第一型糖尿病

is able to produce these enzymes and hormones,

胰臟受到自體細胞的攻擊

at the right time

則無法生產胰島素

in the right quantities,

來將血液中的糖份降低

in order to properly digest the food we eat.

而第二型糖尿病

When a person has Type 1 diabetes,

由於頻繁及大量的胰島素釋放

the pancreas is being attacked by the body's own cells,

受體細胞對胰島素的敏感度下降

and can no longer produce insulin

這個「胰島素阻抗」現象 造成較少的糖份自血液中移除

to remove sugar from the blood stream.

悲慘的是

In the case of Type 2 diabetes,

世界上 有超過3.6億的人們

due to the volume and frequency of insulin being released,

發現自己有這個狀況

receptor cells become less sensitive to the insulin

不分哪型糖尿病的話

this "insulin resistance" results in less sugar

糖尿病在美國 十大死因排名第七

being removed from the blood. Sadly, over

而在全世界 排名第八

360 Million people worldwide find themselves

你也許會覺得驚訝

in this situation.

在社會最年輕族群中 肥胖比例越來越高

Regardless of the specific type,

自2000年起

overall diabetes is the 7th leading cause of death in the U.S.

糖尿病前期及糖尿病的兒童

and the 8th leading cause of death worldwide.

人數幾乎增為三倍

You may be surprised to learn that obesity rates are growing faster

兩歲到五歲的兒童最為嚴重

in the youngest members of our society. Since the year 2000,

更詳細分析 發現甚至嬰兒也加入肥胖這流行

pre-diabetes and diabetes cases in children have nearly tripled.

我們的孩子在過去三十年 肥胖比例增加至三倍

Two to five year olds lead this frightening trend.

現在每3個兒童就有1個 有體重問題 過重或是肥胖

A closer look reveals there's even an epidemic of obese infants.

疾病管制署提到

We have tripled obesity rates in the last 30 years in our children

2000年出生的兒童

There are one in three children now with a weight issue,

白人 每3個裡的1個

either overweight or obese.

非裔及拉丁裔美國人 每2個裡的1個

The Centers for Disease Control have said that of the children born

在他們有生之年會得到糖尿病

in the year 2000, one out of every three Caucasians, and one out of every

疾管署更進一步指出

two African Americans and Hispanics are going to get diabetes

2000年出生的這一代 將會是美國歷史上第一代

in their lifetime. They've gone further to say that this is the same

平均壽命低於他們父母那一輩 都怪我們餵他們的食物

generation that will be the first in our countries history to die at a

曾經這個病是年過65才容易得到的 以前是老年人才會得糖尿病

younger age than their parents because of what we feed them.

而如今 這個年輕化的趨勢令人害怕

This used to be a disease that was past 65, it was old people that

當8歲的兒童得到第二型糖尿病

had diabetes, and so this shift in the age group is

主要是肥胖引起的

what's very frightening.

合理推測在10年後 他們18歲時 他們會有心血管疾病

When 8 year olds are getting adult onset diabetes,

他們會開始在急診室出現

due largely to epidemic obesity,

再這樣下去 不久的將來這就會成真

stands to reason that 10 years later

長完青春痘 就得心絞痛的那天就快來了

by the time they turn 18, they will have coronary disease.

這聽起來是無法想像的

They'll start turning up in our emergency rooms.

但沒多久前

Should current trends persist into the not too distant future,

八歲就得到第二型糖尿病 同樣是令人驚訝的

the day may well dawn when angina

根據疾病管制署 這情況若持續 到了2050年

is an adolescent right of passage along side acne.

每3個美國人 就有1個是糖尿病

That may sound imponderable,

而幾乎每2個美國人 就有1個是肥胖

but not all that long ago

不是過重

the notion of adult onset diabetes in 8 year olds

是肥胖！

would have been equally outrageous.

美國和歐洲等西方國家

According to the CDC, if this keeps up, by the year 2050

很快地 全世界

1 in 3 Americans will be diabetic

都流行肥胖及糖尿病

and nearly 1 in every 2 Americans will be obese.

而肥胖的流行為糖尿病 增加了更多案例

Not overweight-

而糖尿病本身

OBESE!

對下列疾病是個危險因子 包括 心血管疾病

The U.S. and western civilization

腎衰竭

and soon the entire world,

眼睛病變、失明

have an obesity and diabetes epidemic.

神經受損

The obesity epidemic is fueling the numberof cases

足截肢

that we see who have diabetes.

糖尿病的併發症影響實在很大

Diabetes in itself

糖尿病不止傷害我們的健康

is a risk factor for developing heart disease,

它同時也傷害我們的荷包

kidney failure, eye disease,

因為 每個人 最後都會為糖尿病買單

blindness, nerve damage, foot amputations

2012年

and so the implications of diabetes are tremendous.

美國在糖尿病上的相關支出

Diabetes isn't just hurting our health

估計約達到2450億美元

it's also emptying our pockets because

那比起五年前增加了41%

everyone ends up paying for diabetes.

這數字包含了直接的醫療支出

By 2012, diabetes related costs in the United States,

曠職

reached an estimated 245 billion dollars.

糖尿病相關的失業

That was a 41 percent increase

因病早死造成的國家生產力下降

from just 5 years earlier.

美國醫療保健的花費 每5塊錢就有1塊錢

That number includes direct medical costs,

花在照顧糖尿病患上

absenteeism, diabetes related job loss,

而全世界的花費超過4700億美元

and productivity loss due to premature deaths.

若目前這趨勢持續到這世紀中期

1 out of every 5 dollars spent on health-care in the United States

每3個美國人會有1個是糖尿病

goes to the care of people with diabetes.

而現在 美國的3億人口中

The worldwide cost is over 470 billion dollars.

有約2千7百萬人被診斷出為糖尿病

Should current trends persist to about the middle of this century,

非常嚴重 我們現在就付不起這些醫療費用

1 in 3 Americans will be diabetic. Now right now

3分之1的我們 是超過1億人

out of a population of over 300 million there are about 27 million

我不認為有任何方法 能夠負擔那個費用

diagnosed diabetics in the U.S. That's pretty bad! We're having trouble

我認為我們身處前線

paying the healthcare bills right now. 1 in 3 of us

處境和國安局面對的差不了多少

would be over 100 million people.

我認為我們國家的命運命懸一線

I don't think there is any way to pay that bill.

光只是糖尿病的費用 就是天文數字了

I think we find ourselves on the front lines

而這將會影響

of nothing less than homeland security.

社會醫療健保體系的花費及支出

So I think the fate of the nation hangs in the balance.

除非我們做出改變

The cost of diabetes alone

當糖尿病及肥胖問題 在新聞上搶盡鎂光燈