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  • - [Voiceover] Hi, this is Becca from Khan Academy,

  • and today I'm going to be talking about temperance.

  • So, what was the temperance movement?

  • In this video, I'll talk a little bit

  • about what temperance was, what its causes were,

  • and how it started to develop in the early-1800s.

  • Temperance was the idea that Americans drank

  • way too much alcohol and needed to temper their consumption.

  • It started as kind of this idea

  • that people should just drink a little bit less,

  • they should drink less whiskey, less rum, less hard alcohol.

  • And then, slowly, it started to take on

  • this kind of prohibitory character.

  • So, again, it was the idea that we just needed

  • to temper our alcohol consumption.

  • And so, how did the temperance movement take root?

  • The temperance movement kinda has three main causes

  • that I like to think about.

  • So, the three main causes were the Second Great Awakening,

  • the Industrial Revolution,

  • and growing nativism

  • and, frankly, racism that started as new immigrants

  • were coming to America in the early-1800s.

  • So, this was all kinda happening right around here,

  • and so I'll talk a little bit more

  • about each of these causes for the temperance movement

  • and how it began.

  • So, I'll start by talking about the Second Great Awakening.

  • So, the Second Great Awakening was this time period

  • in the early-1800s that focused a lot of social reforms

  • around capturing moral good or Christian ideals

  • so Christian ideals, here's the little cross,

  • within our social institutions.

  • So, this happened in education, in prisons,

  • in the first women's rights movement.

  • And so, this was all going on in the 1800s

  • and it was about this idea

  • that we needed to be good and moral people,

  • and we needed our social institutions to reflect that.

  • So, temperance can be seen as a part

  • of the Second Great Awakening.

  • And so, down here, you can kind of see

  • the Second Great Awakening image here.

  • This is the idea that the family

  • was also intimately affected by people being too drunk.

  • Here's the father and he's really drunk

  • and things are kind of going to mayhem.

  • People were just too drunk,

  • and this was tearing apart lots of different institutions,

  • including the family, including education,

  • including the workplace.

  • And so, that's a good transition

  • to talking about the Industrial Revolution.

  • So, the Industrial Revolution was also going on

  • at this time period

  • and people could no longer be drunk on the job, right?

  • So, people used to be artisans.

  • They used to just kind of sit in their home,

  • make their shoes or sew something by hand,

  • and they could be drunk while doing that.

  • But now, if you're kind of in a factory setting,

  • people were getting their fingers cut off

  • by these new machines that were promoted

  • in the Industrial Revolution because they were drunk

  • while trying to operate the machinery.

  • So, with this new industry,

  • workers could no longer be drunk on the job.

  • And so, the final cause is this nativism

  • that people were seeing with new Catholic immigrants.

  • So, there were Catholic immigrants coming into the country.

  • And lots of Protestants were very anti-Catholic

  • and anti-immigration.

  • They decided that the Catholics were drunks.

  • They did drink a lot,

  • but it was definitely this kind of racist sentiment

  • that was percolating within the Protestant community,

  • and this kind of aligned itself with the Whig Party.

  • So, the Whigs became more Protestant;

  • they were really big temperance people.

  • And the Catholics more aligned themselves

  • with the Democrats.

  • The sentiment towards these immigrant populations

  • had this kind of political effect.

  • So, at this time, temperance was starting to become

  • more of a political movement

  • and different social groups were taking this more seriously.

  • There were some state-level organizations.

  • It was just becoming more of a social phenomenon.

  • In 1825, right over here, this really famous preacher,

  • Lyman Beecher, did his six sermons on the sins of alcohol.

  • And so, these sermons in 1825

  • solidified this idea in the American mind

  • that it was anti-Christian to be a huge drinker,

  • and this idea really took root.

  • This is becoming kind of this larger social phenomenon

  • and there start to be not just more state-level

  • or community-level societies against drinking,

  • you see the first ever national organization.

  • So, the first national temperance society was in 1826,

  • down here, with the American Temperance Society, so the ATS.

  • And I'll talk more about the ATS

  • and the kind of nationalization

  • of the temperance movement in the next video.

- [Voiceover] Hi, this is Becca from Khan Academy,

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早期的節制運動--1 (The early Temperance movement - 1)

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    Amy.Lin 發佈於 2021 年 01 月 14 日
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