Robotic arms.

And surprisingly they’re not too far away.

Hey guys, Julia here for Dnews

Artificial limbs have come a long way since the days of Pirate Joe’s Peg Leg.

Today’s prosthetics are made of state of the art materials and cutting edge technology.

They’re made of titanium, carbon fiber, and/or silicone.

These materials are tough, lighter and can even be designed to look life-like.

They stay on by a few different mechanisms like suspension or suction.

Suspension involves some type of straps or sleeves.

Suction works because the new limb might be custom made to perfectly fit to the remaining

natural limb.

Some devices can be controlled by the body, in a kind of pulley system, not surprisingly

called body powered.

Others can be controlled by switches or buttons.

While fit and materials get progressively more advanced, so does the technology.

Most new robotic limbs are myoelectric-controlled, meaning muscles in the remaining limb naturally

create electrical signals that are picked up by electrodes in the prosthetic.

For the past few decades medical technology allowed patients to control their device through

electrodes placed on the skin.

But that’s an imperfect design, moving or sweating might dislodge the electrodes.

So scientists are looking to the future.

Recently a report published in the journal Science Translational Medicine talked about

a robotic arm that uses what’s called a Brånemark titanium implant which attaches

the prosthetic directly to the skeleton in a process called osseointegration.

And just like it sounds, this process fuses the bone to a titanium piece which sits outside

of the limb, which the robotic arm attaches to.

To control the device, the technology goes a step beyond the current myoelectric types.

It uses Targeted Muscle Reinnervation or TMR to hook up the prosthetic to nerves INSIDE

the patient’s body.

The process takes nerves from the amputated limb and puts them on a spare muscle like

the pectoral, the target muscle.

Once these nerves start to regrow they can be activated by thought.

Electrodes surrounding the muscle and nerves can then control the prosthetic.

Sounds pretty futuristic right?

Yet something seems to be missing.

The sensation of touch.

Current techniques use sensory substitution to provide feedback, like a buzz or vibration

when the limb comes into contact with something.

In research presented in the journal Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery researchers look

for a way to restore a patient’s ability to feel.

The researchers say this would reduce the “cognitive burden" of relying on vision

alone to navigate the environment.

A robotic hand with the ability to “feel” would have to be able to take a sensation

like hot or cold or pressure like firm or soft and translate that into electrical signals.

The different sensations could create a different signal like it could vary in strength, frequency

or duration.

The researchers suggested using TMR to restore some type of sensation for the patient.

Another idea is a sensory regenerative peripheral nerve interface (sRPNI), which would directly

hook up a nerve with some sort of biological interface on the prosthetic.

Or maybe light could brighten up the future.

Optogenics might enable different light waves to control nerve signalling.

Anything to make the electrical signalling devices smaller and more precise.

Robotic legs too are taking great leaps into the future.

Research published in the journal Science Translational Medicine explained recent advances

in powered joints.

Yeah that’s right.

Basically each joint in a robotic leg can have a little motor in it.

This way it detects pressure and angle and can send that information to the central nervous

system.

But more than that, the more advanced models can have a neural interface that enhances

integration with the brain.

This way they can sense a person’s intention like the desire to move from a flat surface

to climbing stairs.

Either way the future of artificial limbs is gonna be awesome.

Speaking of insane augmentations, Toyota has been doing some tinkering of their own with

the TRD line of Toyota Trucks.

Enhanced to rule the off-road!

Do you have an artificial limb or know anyone who does?

Tell us your story down in the comments below…