Name: 美國企業如何對全球化失去信心 (How US businesses lost faith in globalisation)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T07:07:22.000Z
Duration: 1 min 54 s

Western multinationals have been outsourcing production to low-cost centers like China

西方的跨國企業一直把生產外包給向中國般的低成本生產中心

but business executives now appear to be moving away from the concept of globalization.

但現在企業高層都開始傾向離開全球化的概念

Today instead of celebrating "free trade".

US executives are calling for "fair trade."

This is a polite euphemism for better terms for US companies.

這是個對美國公司而言，比較禮貌、委婉的說法

Business leaders are aligning themselves with President Donald Trump's "Make America great again" rhetoric.

企業領導者們正將自己與川普總痛那「讓美國再度偉大」的口號連結起來

We're gonna bring back “Made in the USA.”

But there's evidence a shift was already underway.

但證據指出，這項轉變已經在進行了

30% of executives said China was (the) most likely destination for US company investment

30% 的主管說中國是美國公司最有可能投資的地方

against 26 percent favoring local production.

而只有 26% 的人比較偏好在美國在地生產

But in 2015, only 20 percent of companies planned to boost production in China

但到了 2015 年，只有 20% 的公司計畫在美國投產

as opposed to 31 percent that were looking to America.

One reason for this shift is a rise in relative wage cost in China.

造成這個轉變的其中一個原因，是中國的工資相對提高了

Another is the production costs in the U.S. have fallen because of automation and cheap energy.

另個原因是美國的製造成本因為自動化和便宜的能源價格而降低了

However, a third point is that chief executives have realized

然而，第三個原因是主管們發現到

that long supply chains create political and logistical risks.

冗長的供應鏈，產生了政治和運籌上面的風險

Nobody should overstate the speed of this shift. It is subtle and slow.

但大家不要高估這轉變的速度。它是微小極緩慢的。

For better or worse, we face a more localized world,

不管好不好，我們面對著一個更加本土化的世界

and that trend owes as much to robots and digital technologies as President Donald Trump.

會造成這的樣趨勢，自動化與數位科技以及川普總統皆是主因