Name: 消費者優化 (Consumer Optimization)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T07:05:56.000Z
Duration: 6 min 29 s
Description: 【看影片學英語】數萬部 YouTube 影片，搭配英漢字典即點即查，輕鬆掌握單字發音與用法，長久累積看電影不必再看字幕。

[Joana] The way we make choices about what to buy

depends on how our dreams, our wants, meet reality.

budget constraints, and indifference curves.

to model how you decide what to purchase.

Remember, your budget constraint represents

and what you can afford, given your income.

Your indifference curves represent how you value goods

We all wish we could have more of everything.

But the reality is that we have limited resources

and the prices of things force us to make tradeoffs.

We want to get the best bang for our buck

and that means finding that optimal combination of goods

that brings together how the market values goods

and budget constraint, lets us better understand.

you are effectively trying to be the happiest that you can,

a "constrained optimization" problem, where you are choosing

the combination of goods that maximize your utility

given the prices of goods and your income.

Let's go back to our pizza and coffee example.

You have a budget of $50. Pizza costs $10.

Making the best choice you can afford means

on the combination of pizzas and cups of coffee

This means that your optimal consumption combination

Making the best choice you can afford also means

that you will try to reach the indifference curve

that represents the highest degree of satisfaction or utility.

Because pizza and coffee are good things --

this will occur on the indifference curve

that is the farthest away from the origin.

Because the more pizza and coffee you have,

What keeps you from reaching this indifference curve?

If you thought prices and income, you are right!

Your budget constraint determines what you can afford.

So your optimal consumption combination will be

To see why, let's go back to thinking about

why you try to reach the indifference curve

The best way to go about it is to look at a point

where the budget line intersects one of your indifference curves.

This particular combination of pizza and coffee --

it's affordable, because it's on your budget line.

However, you are not the happiest you could be, now are you?

You are indifferent between this combination

and that means they provide you with the same utility.

So, if you are trying to get the most utility you can,

you will never choose a combination of goods

You will choose one that is tangent to it.

The point of tangency between the budget constraint

that at your optimal consumption combination,

the market's relative price of the goods equals

your willingness to substitute between them --

and that's your marginal rate of substitution.

the marginal utility per dollar of both goods is the same.

to spend more money on pizza and less on coffee?

Here, the marginal rate of substitution is 4,

and that means you are willing to forego four cups of coffee

But pizza is only twice as expensive as coffee.

The market is asking you to forego fewer cups of coffee

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消費者優化 (Consumer Optimization)

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