But what is it?

但是什麼問題？

Well, we send our children to school to prepare them for the real world, which is changing very, very fast.

我們把孩子送到學校讓他們學會面對快速變化的現實世界。

But our schools haven't changed much for hundreds of years.

然而過去幾百年來，我們的學校卻沒什麼改變。

In fact, thought leaders from around the world agree that the current system of education was designed in the Industrial Age, mainly to churn out factory workers.

事實上，世界各地的思想領導者皆認同一點，現今的教育制度是因應工業時代所設計，目的基本上就是為了生產大量工人。

And this Industrial Age mentality of mass production and mass control still runs deep in schools.

而如今這種工業時代大規模生產和高度控制的思維依然深深根植於校園裡。

Industrial Age values.

第一：工業時代價值觀。

We educate children by batches, and govern their lives by ringing bells.

我們把小孩分批教育，運用上下課鈴聲控管他們的生活。

All day long, students do nothing but follow instructions.

學生整天要做的事就是遵守指令。

Sit down, take out your books, turn to page 40, solve problem number three, stop talking.

坐下，把課本拿出來，翻到第四十頁解答第三題，別說話。

At school, you're rewarded for doing exactly what you're told.

在學校，凡事聽從指令就會被嘉獎。

These are Industrial Age values that were really important for factory workers.

這些是對於工廠員工很重要的工業時代價值觀。

Their success depended on following instructions and doing exactly what they were told.

對他們而言，成功就是遵守指令並言聽計從。

But in today's world, how far can you get by simply following instructions?

但現今社會，如果只是聽從指令，你能有什麼成就？

The modern world values people who can be creative, who can communicate their ideas, and collaborate with others.

現代社會推崇有創意、能夠表達自己意見並與他人合作的人。

But our children don't get a chance to develop such skills in a system that's based on Industrial Age values.

但我們的孩子在根基於工業時代價值觀所建立的制度裡，沒有機會發展此類技能。

Lack of autonomy and control.

第二：缺乏自主權與控制權。

At school, our children experience a complete lack of autonomy and control.

在學校，我們的孩子全然喪失所有自主權和控制權。

Every minute of a child's life is tightly controlled by the system.

小孩生活中的每一分鐘都被制度緊緊掌控著。

But in today's world, if you're doing important work, then you're managing your own time.

但在現代社會，若是你被交辦重要工作，你必須管理好自己的時間。

You're making your own decisions regarding what to do and when to do it.

你要自己決定好什麼時間要做什麼事。

But life at school looks very different.

但學校生活卻不是如此。

The system is sending a dangerous message to our children, that they are not in charge of their own lives.

這制度傳達給學生的危險訊息就是他們沒有對自己人生的自主權。

They just have to follow whatever is laid down, instead of taking charge and making the most of their lives.

他們就是必須對制定好的一切事物照單全收，而無法在如何過自己的人生這件事上作主。

Experts believe autonomy is incredibly important for children.

專家相信自主權對孩童而言至關重要。

It's no wonder then that our children are bored and demotivated by school.

不難想像為何我們的孩子在學校會感到消極無聊。

Can you imagine how you would feel if you were told exactly what to do for every minute of your life?

你能夠想像當你生活中的每一分鐘都被規定要做什麼，你會作何感想？

Inauthentic learning.

第三：不切實的學習。

Most of the learning that happens in schools today is not authentic, because it relies on memorization and rote learning.

現今學校裡的大多數學習都不夠切實，因為這些學習主要仰賴死記硬背。

The system defines a generic set of knowledge that all children must know.

這套制度定義了一套所有孩童都必須知曉的知識。

And then, every few months, we measure how much has been retained by administering exams.

然後每個月，我們透過考試衡量學生吸收了多少。

We know that such learning is not authentic because most of it is gone the day after the exam.

我們了解這樣的學習方式是不切實際的，因為大部份的知識在考試過後都會忘記。

Learning can be much deeper and more authentic.

學習是可以更深入且更切實際的。

It can be so much more than just memorization and retention.

學習知識不應該只是透過死記硬背的方式。

But that's the only thing we measure, and test scores are the only thing we value.

但我們卻只用這樣的方式來衡量，且我們在乎的只有考試成績。

This has created an extremely unhealthy culture for students, parents, and teachers.

對學生、家長和老師而言，這造就了一個很不健康的文化。

Children are going through endless hours of tuitions, staying up all night memorizing useless facts that they will forget very soon.

學生經歷了長時間的課堂講授，熬夜整晚背誦那些他們很快就會忘記的沒用資訊。

No room for passions and interests.

第四：無從發展興趣和熱情。

We have an extremely standardized system, where each child must learn the same thing at the same time in the same way as everyone else.

我們有一套極度標準化的制度，每個孩童必須在同一時期用同樣的方式學同樣的知識。

This doesn't respect the basic fact of being human, that each of us is unique and different in our own way.

這罔顧了基本的人類價值：每個人都是獨一無二的。

We all have different passions and interests.

我們都有不同的熱情和興趣。

And the key to fulfilment in life is to find your passion.

而獲得人生成就感的關鍵在於找到屬於自己的熱情。

But do the schools of today help our children find and develop their passion?

但現今的學校會幫助我們的孩子探索並發展他們的熱情嗎？

There seems to be no room in the current education system for the most important questions in a child's life:

看來當今的教育制度並未給予孩童機會思考這個一生中最重要的問題：

What am I good at?

我擅長什麼？

What do I want to do in life?

我想做什麼？

How do I fit into this world?

我要怎麼融入這個世界？

The system doesn't seem to care.

教育制度似乎不關心這些問題。

There are so many greatly talented people who failed in the traditional school system.

許多具有天賦的人在傳統的學校制度裡失敗。

Fortunately, they were able to overcome these failures.

幸好，他們能夠克服這些難關。

But not everyone can.

但並非人人皆做得到。

We have no measure for how much talent, how much potential goes unrecognized in the current system.

我們無從得知在現今的制度下，有多少才能和潛力不曾被發現。

Differences in how we learn.

第五：學習方式的差異。

Each of us is also different in how we learn, in how much time we take to learn something, and what tools and resources work best for us.

我們每個人的不同在於我們的學習方式、我們花費在學習上的時間和對我們最有效的學習工具和學習來源。

But the system has no room for such differences.

但這套制度忽略了這些差異。

So, if you're a bit slow in learning something, you are considered a failure, when all you needed was a bit more time to catch up.

所以，若是你在學習某事物上耗時較久，你就會被視為失敗者，但你不過是需要更多的時間去跟上進度。

Lecturing.

第六：老師講授。

In the current system, children are lectured for more than five hours a day.

在現行的制度下，孩童一天接受超過五小時的課堂講授。

But there are a few big problems with lecturing.

但這樣的講課方式有一些大問題。

Sal Khan from Khan Academy calls lecturing "a fundamentally dehumanizing experience".

可汗學院的創辦者 Sal Khan 稱課堂講授為「根本上的非人性化教學」。

"30 kids with fingers on their lips, not allowed to interact with each other."

「要三十個孩子安靜聽，不允許和彼此交流討論」

Also, in any given classroom, different students are at different levels of understanding.

再者，在這些課堂裡，每個學生的理解程度不一。

Now, whatever the teacher does, there are bound to be students who are either bored because they're ahead, or confused because they're behind.

所以無論老師的教法是什麼，就是會有學生因為程度超前而感到枯燥，或是因為程度落後而感到困惑。

Because of the Internet and digital media, our children have at their fingertips all the information in the world.

因為網際網路和數位媒體的存在，對我們的孩子來說，世界上所有的資訊都唾手可得。

Technology has made it possible for anyone to learn anything, but for fear of losing control, the system is not leveraging these incredible resources.

科技讓任何人都有機會學習任何事物，但因為害怕失去控制，這些好用的資源並未被體制採用並發揮它的功效。

Our system of education, which evolved in the Industrial Age, has become outdated and ineffective.

從工業化時代發展的教育制度已經變得過時且無效力。

If we want to prepare our children for the modern world, if we want learning to be effective and engaging,

如果我們要讓孩子能夠因應現代社會，如果我們想要學習變得更有效且更吸引人，

then there's no doubt that we need to fundamentally change our system of education.

那不可否認的，我們必須從根本改變我們的教育制度。