It is for us what theater was in the age of Shakespeare,

對我們來說，這就是戲劇 是在莎士比亞的時代。

or painting was in the days of Leonardo DaVinci.

或繪畫是在 達文西的時代。

The art form with the biggest impact, the largest budgets,

影響力最大的藝術形式。 預算最多。

and the most widespread audiences.

和最廣泛的閱聽人。

Collectively, we recognize that film has an astonishing power to induce emotion.

我們共同認識到，電影具有 驚人的情感誘導能力。

But it would sound weird to stop and ask what film was really for,

但如果停下來問 電影到底是為了什麼。

what purpose it serves in our societies,

它在我們的社會中起到什麼作用；

and why we spent so much time in its presence.

以及為什麼我們花 這麼多時間在它面前。

We don't generally think of films are serving any very strenuous or serious cause.

我們一般不認為電影是服務於 任何非常劇烈或嚴重的原因。

We ask for a lot of nice but not terribly lasting things of films,

我們要求很多好的 但不是非常持久的東西的電影。

to while away the hours of a long flight,

消磨時間 的長途飛行。

to keep the family together on the sofa,

讓一家人一起坐在沙發上。

to give us a bit of a thrill.

來給我們一點刺激。

This is a great loss for us and for cinema itself.

這對我們來說是一個很大的損失 以及對電影本身。

We should try to pin down more accurately what films actually do for us,

我們應該嘗試更準確地確定 電影到底為我們做了什麼。

then make sure we're reliably making and finding our way to see the best,

然後確保我們可靠地做出 並找到我們的方式去看最好的。

that is, the most useful kinds of things.

也就是最有用的那種東西。

We would ideally accept that film, like all the other art forms,

我們最好能接受這部電影。 像所有其他藝術形式一樣。

best reveals its power, when we conceive of it as a kind of therapy.

最能顯示它的力量，當我們 把它想象成一種療法。

Let's consider five key problems and how films can help us with them.

讓我們考慮五個關鍵問題和 電影如何幫助我們與他們。

We're understandably prone to self-pity.

我們容易自憐是可以理解的。

We get ground down and frustrated by the problems life throws at us,

我們會感到沮喪和沮喪 被生活中的問題拋向我們。

and we tend to react by getting ever more stern and serious.

而我們的反應往往是 越來越嚴厲，越來越嚴肅。

Certain films can beautifully address this natural tendency,

某些電影可以美輪美奐 解決這一自然趨勢。

when they show us people not too different from ourselves,

當他們向我們展示人不 和我們自己太不一樣了。

in difficult situations, except very much unlike us.

在困難的情況下。 除了很不像我們。

These films play our pains for laughs.

這些電影把我們的痛苦玩弄於股掌之間。

They seek the absurd side,

他們追求的是荒誕的一面。

the exact things that really great with excessive seriousness.

真正偉大的東西 過於嚴重。

At their best, there's nothing trivial about these comedies at all.

在他們最好的時候，沒有什麼是微不足道的。 關於這些喜劇的所有。

They take on the momentous task

他們肩負著重大的任務

of sweetly etching us towards being slightly nicer people to live around.

的甜美刻畫，使我們走向 稍微好一點的人生活在周圍。

2. We're not careful enough

2.我們還不夠細心

Sometimes in life, an action that seems quite small,

有時在生活中。 一個看起來相當小的動作。

goes on to have enormous consequences.

繼續產生巨大的後果。

You tell a little lie. You steal a tiny bit.

你撒了個小謊 你偷了一點點。

You’re a bit dishonest with someone.

你對某人有點不誠實。

You get a bit lustful and carried away just once,

你會變得有點淫蕩和 搬運只是一次。

and then from this, catastrophe ensues.

然後由此引發災難。

Films can help us by speeding up time, and showing us in a matter of hours,

電影可以幫助我們加快時間。 並在幾個小時內向我們展示。

fearsome result of what we might originally thought of as small failings.

可怕的結果 原本以為是小毛病。

Film can push the consequences to the maximum.

電影可以推動後果 到最大。

By witnessing horror and disaster

通過目睹恐怖和災難

it can make us want to be the kind of person,

它可以讓我們想 是那種人。

who is a touch more forthright, and little more honest and moral,

誰是一個觸摸更坦率。 而少有誠信和道德。

readier to face an unpleasant moment now and (thereby) head off a distant disaster.

好漢不吃眼前虧 並（從而）抵禦遠方的災難。

We leave the cinema, less inclined to be self-righteous about the failings of others

我們離開電影院時，不那麼傾向於 自以為是

scared for ourselves and more respectful towards things we hold dear.

自顧不暇 尊重我們所珍視的事物。

It might sound odd,

這可能聽起來很奇怪。

but it's usually very healthy and helpful,

但它通常是非常健康和有用的。

to feel that one's life is a bit special,

覺得自己的生活有點特別。

deserving of admiration and respect, a little glamorous.

值得欽佩和尊重。 有點魅力。

But very often the opposite is the case.

但很多時候，情況恰恰相反。

Glamour lies elsewhere, in the lives of the famous in swankier parts of town,

魅力在於其他地方，在生活中的 著名的在城市的Swankier部分。

in activities and jobs far removed from our own.

在活動和工作中 遠離我們自己。

Film has an enormous power to glamorize.

電影具有巨大的魅力。

It can put in front of our eyes delightful images, many meters in size,

它可以把我們的眼前 令人欣喜的影像，許多米的大小。

shot an extraordinary colors, vivid and immediate.

拍出了非凡的色彩。 生動而直接。

Because so many films glamorize the wrong things,

因為這麼多電影 魅力化的錯誤的東西。

we used to thinking that an element of alienation and corruption is a generic,

我們習慣於認為，一個元素的 異化和腐敗是一種通用。

rather than incidental danger of cinema.

而不是電影的偶然危險。

But in fact, film is well able to show us the less obvious,

但事實上，電影很能夠 以示我們不那麼明顯。

but real charms of everyday life.

但日常生活的真實魅力。

Whereas the worst sort of films eject us back into our lives,

而最差的那種電影 把我們彈回我們的生活中。

full of longing and disenchantment,

充滿了憧憬和不捨。

the best ones leave us ready to re-engage with circumstances,

優秀的人離開我們的時候，我們已經準備好了 以重新接觸環境。

with which we had unfairly grown bored.

我們已經不公平地對其產生了厭倦。

Cinema can help us love and appreciate what we already have.

電影可以幫助我們愛和 欣賞我們已經擁有的東西。

It's not entirely our own fault.

這不完全是我們自己的錯。

The media is to blame for much of it.

這其中，媒體的責任很大。

Because it tells us about categories of people we want nothing to do with,

因為它告訴我們關於類別的 我們不想與之有任何關係的人。

places that seem frightening, bizarre, unremittingly depressing.

看起來很可怕、很詭異的地方。 長久的壓抑。

We going to think we're not at all interested in people in Iran or Venezuela.

我們會認為我們一點也不... ... 對伊朗或委內瑞拉的人感興趣。

Our disenchantment make it expressed as racism, arrogance, or just plain coldness.

我們的不甘心使其表現為 種族主義，傲慢，或者只是單純的冷漠。

Ultimately, what we suffer from is a denial of our common humanity.

歸根結底，我們所遭受的是 否認了我們共同的人性。

Cinema can perfectly compensated for this withdrawal of emotional energy,

電影院可以完美彌補 這種情緒能量的撤離。

by showing us the appeal of people far away,

通過向我們展示 遠方的人。

we'd otherwise be completely uninterested in.

要不然 完全不感興趣的。

With the highest artistry,

以最高的藝術性。

we're reminded of an obvious but so easily forgotten fact.

我們想起了一個明顯的 但如此容易被遺忘的事實。

Our membership of the family of humanity.

我們人類大家庭的成員。

We've gone so far down the track of teaching ourselves

我們已經走得太遠了 自學成才

about the importance of gentleness and compromise.

的重要性 溫和與妥協。

Many of us have unwittingly develop problems around courage and self-assertion.

我們很多人都在不知不覺中養成了 圍繞勇氣和自我主張的問題。

Decent people have learned so well to suppress their own appetite for a fight,

正派的人都學得這麼好 來壓制自己的戰鬥慾望。

their own desire for victory.

自己對勝利的渴望。

But in a world where conflict is unavoidable,

但在這個世界上 衝突是不可避免的。

good people sometimes need to strengthen their willingness to face down opposition,

強人所難 他們願意面對反對意見。

not always to compromise and play it safe,

不一定要妥協和安全。

but to take risks, to get out and fight, to relish victory,

但要冒險，要出去打拼。 來享受勝利的喜悅。

and to be a bit more ruthless in the service of noble and deeply important ends.

而要更狠一點，在。 服務於崇高而重要的目的。

Sometimes, it's not enough just to be right.

有時，它是不夠的 只是為了對。

You also need to win so some of us might well benefit from seeing films,

你也要贏，所以我們中的一些人 可能很受益於看電影。

that tell tales of heroism to follow someone who has to navigate the world,

壯志難酬 某個人必須在世界範圍內航行。

kill a dragon, outwit some baddies.

殺死一條龍，戰勝一些壞蛋。

The film shouldn’t ideally leave us just in awe at the daring of another person.

這部電影理想上不應該讓我們只是。 驚歎於他人的膽量。

It should do that for most valuable thing.

它應該做的最有價值的事情。

Educate us by example,

以身作則教育我們。

so that we too become just a little more heroic and brave where we need to be.

以使我們也變得更多一點 在我們需要的地方英勇無畏。

Cinema, as we currently know it,

電影，我們目前所知道的。

is not a million miles away from doing wonderful things.

不遠萬里 做精彩的事情。

But in order to help with the real business of living,

但為了幫助 真正的生活事業。

we need this hugely compelling and powerful art form

我們需要這個非常引人注目的 強大的藝術形式

to set out in a more determined and systematic way

更加堅定地提出 有系統的方式

to offer us the help we really need.

為我們提供真正需要的幫助。

The way we categorize films should ideally get a little bit more subtle.

我們對電影的分類方式應該 理想上得到更多的細微。

Rather than say something was merely a thriller or comedy,

與其說有些東西是 僅僅是一個驚悚或喜劇。

we'd put the accent on what these genres might achieve for their audiences.

我們會把重點放在這些流派上。 可能為其閱聽人實現。

Instead of suggesting that one needs to be above a particular age to watch a film,

與其說是需要 超過特定年齡的人看電影；

the government classification board would see its primary task is

政務分類委員會 它的主要任務是

that of helping a film to reach the audience it could best help.

幫助一部電影達到 它可以最好地幫助觀眾。

Thus a film might be rated A,

是以一部電影可能被評為A級。

meaning that it was regarded as being particularly good at getting us to

意思是說，它被認為是 特別擅長讓我們

address and cope with anxiety.

解決和應對焦慮。

Or it could have an MC rating,

或者它可以有一個MC等級。

meaning that it was of benefit to those experiencing marital conflict.

意思是說，這對 經歷婚姻衝突的人；

Films can do so much for us.

電影可以為我們做很多事情。

They better direct our feelings of sympathy.

他們最好直接 我們的同情心。

They offer comfort for our unmanageable fears.

他們提供舒適的 我們無法控制的恐懼。

They correct an unworkable sense of what is normal.

他們糾正了一個不可行的意識 什麼是正常的。

They edge us towards good conduct.

它們使我們走向良好的行為。

They caution, and arm us against our folly and vices.

他們告誡，並武裝我們 反對我們的愚蠢和惡習。

We should, as society, be ready to see them as more than just entertainment.

作為社會，我們應該做好以下準備 把它們看成不僅僅是娛樂。

They are, at their best, guides to life and pieces of spectacular applied philosophy.

它們最多隻是生活的指南和 件壯觀的應用哲學。