Name: EV工作原理？Tesla (How does an Electric Car work ? | Tesla Model S)
Uploaded: 2017-09-02T15:11:12.000Z
Duration: 10 min 24 s

Electric cars are making big waves in the automobile world

These noise-free, pollution-fre and high-performance] vehicles are expected to make their IC engine counterparts obsolete by 2025

電動車正在汽車界掀起滔天巨浪

00:00:14,830 --> 00:00:21,840
This video will unveil the hidden technologies behind the Tesla model S which recently became the world's fastest accelerating car

這些無噪音無污染和高性能的車輛.預計將使他們的對手內燃機引擎汽車.在2025年時被淘汰

We will see how electric cars have achieved superior performance by analyzing the technology behind the induction motor,

這個視頻將揭開.最近成為世界上最快的汽車.
Tesla Model S背後的隱藏技術

通過分析感應電動機的技術.
我們將看到電動汽車如何實現卓越的性能

and, above all, the synchronized vehicle mechanism, in a logical step-by-step Manner

The powerhouse of the tesla car is an invention made by the great scientist Nikola Tesla around 100 Years back: the induction motor

最重要的是邏輯性的同步車輛機制.循序漸進的方法.

00:00:54,489 --> 00:00:58,439
The induction Motor has two main parts: the stator and the rotor

特斯拉汽車的電動機是偉大的科學家(Nikola Tesla）
大約在100年前創造的一款發明.感應電動機.

You can see the construction details of the motor here

感應電動機有兩個主要部分是固定座和轉子

The rotor is simply a collection of conducting bars short-circuited by end rings

您可以在這裡看到電動機的結構細節

A three-phase AC power input is given to the stator

轉子只是由端環短路的導電棒的集合

The three-phase alternating current in the coils produces a rotating magnetic field. The tesla motor produces a four-pole Magnetic field.

給固定座提供三相交流電源輸入

This rotating magnetic field that induces current on the rotor bars to make it turn

線圈中的三相交流電產生旋轉磁場
特斯拉電動機產生四個極的磁場

In an induction motor the rotor always lags behind the RMF.

該旋轉磁場在轉子棒上產生電流使其轉動

An induction motor has neither brushes nor a permanent magnet. At the same time it is robust and powerful.

在感應電動機中.轉子轉速永遠落後於旋轉磁場RMF

The beauty of an induction motor is that its speed depends on the frequency of the AC power supply.

感應電動機既沒有電刷也沒有永久磁鐵

So just by varying the frequency of the power supply, we will be able to alter the drive wheel speed

This simple fact makes electric car speed control easy and reliable

感應電動機的優點.在於其速度取決於交流電源的頻率

The motor Supply is from a variable frequency drive, which in turn controls motor speed.

所以只要通過改變電源的頻率.
我們就能夠改變驅動輪速度

The motor speed can range from Zero to 18,000 rpm.

這個簡單的事實使電動車速度控制變得容易與可靠

This is the most sizable advantage electric cars have when compared to internal combustion cars.

電動機供應來自變頻驅動器.
變頻器依次進行控制電機轉速

An Internal Combustion engine produces usable torque and power output only within limited speed range

電機轉速可以從零到18,000 轉/分

Therefore, directly connecting the engine rotation to the drive wheel is not a clever idea.

這是電動車與內燃機汽車相比.最大的優勢

A transmission must be introduced to vary the drive wheel speed

發動機僅在有限的速度內.
產生可用的扭矩和動力輸出範圍

On the other hand an induction motor will work efficiently in any speed range

因此直接將發動機旋轉連接到驅動輪
不是一個聰明的想法

Thus no speed varying transmission is needed for an electric car

必須引入變速器來改變驅動輪速度

moreover an IC engine does not produce direct rotational motion

另一方面.感應電動機將在任何速度範圍內有效地工作

The linear motion of the piston has to be converted to rotational motion

This causes major problems for mechanical balancing

此外.內燃機引擎不會產生旋轉運動

Not only is the internal combustion engine not self-started like an induction motor

活塞的直線運動必須轉換為旋轉運動

further, the power output of an IC engine is always uneven

Many accessories are needed to solve these issues

內燃機不僅無法像感應電動機那樣自我啟動

On the other hand you will have direct rotational motion and uniform power output with an induction motor

更進一步說.內燃機引擎的功率輸出總是不均勻的

many components in the IC engine can be avoided here

As a result of these factors, a great response rate and higher power to weight ratio comes naturally to an induction motor resulting in superior

另一方面.感應電動機
將具有直接的旋轉運動和均勻的動力輸出

這裡可以減少許多內燃機引擎中的組件

But from where does the motor receive power?

就如這些因素的結果.回應的速度.和更高的功率與重量之比.自然地導致感應電動機.產生優異的車輛性能

so before supply get to a motor it has to be converted to AC

所以在供給電動機之前.必須將其轉換為交流電

This power electronic device also controls the Ac power frequency thus controlling the motor speed

Moreover the Inverter can even vary the amplitude of the ac power which in turn will control the motor power output

該電力電子設備還控制交流電源頻率.從而控制電機速度

Thus the inverter acts as the brain of the electric car

此外.轉換器甚至可以改變AC電力的幅度.
這又將控制電機功率輸出

Now let's turn our focus to the battery pack

因此變頻器成為了電動車的大腦

You will be amazed to find that they are just a collection of common lithium-ion cells similar to those used in your daily life

現在讓我們將重點放在電池組上

The cells are connected in a combination of series and parallel to produce the power required to run your electric car

你會驚奇地發現它們只是一個常見的鋰電池的集合.
就如同於你日常生活中使用的鋰電池

Glycol coolant is passed through metallic inner tubes through the gap between the cells

電池以串聯和並聯組合連接
以產生電動車運行所需的動力

This is one principal innovation of Tesla

冷卻劑通過金屬內管.通過電池之間的間隙

by using many small cells instead of a few big cells

通過使用許多小電池.而不是幾個大電池來保證有效的冷卻

This minimizes thermal hot spots and even temperature distribution is achieved leading to higher battery pack life

這使得熱點最小化.並且實現了溫度分佈.
導致更高的電池組壽命

The cells are arranged as detachable modules

There are 16 such modules in the battery pack constituting around 7,000 cells

電池組中有16個這樣的模塊構成約7,000個電池

The heated Glycol is cooled down by passing through a radiator, which is fitted at the front of the vehicle

被加熱的冷卻劑.通過安裝在車輛的前方 散熱器而被冷卻

Moreover you can see how such a low height battery pack when fitted close to the ground level will lower the vehicle center of gravity

此外.您可以看到如何將這樣一個扁平的電池組
安裝在靠近地面的地方.將降低車輛的重心

The lower of gravity improves the stability of the car considerably

The large battery pack is also spread across the floor offering structural rigidity against side collisions

大電池組也散佈在車身地板上.
提供了結構剛性抵抗側面碰撞

現在讓我們回到特斯拉的動力傳動系統

The power produced by the motor is transferred to the drive wheels via a gearbox

馬達產生的動力通過變速箱傳遞到驅動輪

As previously discussed, tesla model s uses a simple

如前所述.特斯拉模型S使用簡單的單速傳動.
因為電動機在廣泛的工作條件下是有效的

Single speed transmission because the motor is efficient in a wide range of operating conditions

您可以看到電機的輸出速度分兩步減低

You can see that output speed from the motor is reduced in two steps

即使實現倒檔也很容易.
在電動車上只需改變電力相位的順序

Even achieving the reverse gear is quite easy in an electric car. Just change the order of the power phase for this

為此.電動車變速器的唯一目的是
降低速度與相關聯的扭矩倍增

The only purpose of electric car transmission is speed reduction and associated torque multiplication

齒輪箱中的第二個部件是差速器

The second component in the Gearbox is a differential

你可以看到這是一個簡單的開放差速器

You can see this is a simple open differential. However, open differentials, have a problem of traction control

然而.開放差速器卻有牽引力控制的問題

But why does such an advanced car use an open differential rather than a limited slip differential?

但為什麼這樣一輛先進的車輛.
使用開放差速器而不是限滑差速器

The answer is that the open differential is more rugged and can carry more torque

答案是開式差速器更加堅固耐用.可承受更大的扭矩

A problem that occurs in an open differential can effectively be overcome with help of two methods:
 selective braking and

在開放差速器中發生的問題.
如何有效地克服.可以借助兩種方法

In an Internal combustion engine this power supply cut by cutting the fuel is not so responsive

內燃機這種電源.燃料卻不是這樣回應的

In an induction motor, however, the power supply cut is quite responsive and an effective means for obtaining traction control

在感應電動機中.電源切斷是
相當有效獲得牽引力控制的手段

In the tesla this can all be accomplished using a state-of-the-art algorithm with help from Sensors and controllers

在特斯拉.這一切都可以使用最先進的計算.
在傳感器和控制器的幫助下實現

In short, Tesla Motors has replaced a complex mechanical hardware system with smart,

總而言之.特斯拉汽車公司的
智能反應軟件系統已經取代了複雜的機械五金

你知道一輛電動車可以在一個踏板下正式的開車.

Did you know an electric car could be driven efficiently with the help of just one pedal?

這是由於其強大的再生制動系統

This is due to its powerful regenerative braking system

這意味著以電力的形式節省車輛的巨大動能.
而不會浪費它轉換成熱量.

That means saving the huge kinetic energy of the car in the form of electricity without wasting it as heat

一旦電動車釋放加速踏板.再生制動就會起作用

In an electric car, as soon as you release the accelerator pedal the regenerative braking comes into action

有趣的是在再生制動過程中
同樣的感應電動機會變成發電機

The interesting thing is that during the regenerative braking the same induction motor acts as a generator

我們知道在感應電動機的那個轉子

Here the wheels drive the rotor of the induction motor

我們知道在感應電動機中.轉子速度小於RMF速度

We know in an induction motor the rotor speed is less than the RMF speed

將電動機轉換為發電機.您只需確保轉子
速度大於RMF速度

To convert the motor to a generator. You just have to make sure that the rotor speed is greater than the RMF speed

轉換器在調節輸入功率.頻率方面
有著至關重要的作用.並保持RMF速度低於轉子速度

The inverter plays a crucial role here in adjusting the input power frequency and keeping the RMF speed below the rotor speed

這將在固定座線圈中產生電能.
而且高於供電

This will generate electricity in the stator coils, which is way higher than the supplied electricity

在轉換之後.所產生的電能被存儲在電池組中

The generated electricity can then be stored in the battery pack after the conversion

在此過程中.相反的電磁力作用在轉子上
驅動輪和車量將會減速

An opposing electromagnetic force acts on the rotor during this process, so the drive wheels and the car will slow down

這樣可以在驅動期間使用一個踏板來準確地控制車速

This way vehicle speed can be accurately controlled during the drive using a single pedal

剎車踏板可以控制車輛完全停止

The brake Pedal can be applied for a complete stop

你可能已經意識到了.電動車比內燃機汽車更安全

As you might already be aware, electric cars are much safer than internal combustion cars

維護和駕駛電動車的成本遠低於內燃機汽車的成本

The cost of maintaining and driving an electric car is much lower than that of an IC engine car

電動車的是通過改進缺點而出現的
高技術電動車.並承諾成為未來的車輛.

With the drawbacks of the electric car evaded through the advent of improved technology, electric cars promise to be the cars of the future

特別感謝 J Garcia 一名電動車專家.
感謝他的技術支持這個視頻.

We think mr.. J. Who Garcia an electric car expert and youtuber for his technical support for this video?

Your support at patreon.com is highly appreciated. It enables us to make additional free educational videos for you. Thank you

感謝您的收看 
中文字幕由汽車華佗技術交流協會提供