Name: 【TED】史蒂芬霍金斯-我們的宇宙如何開始？ (Questioning the universe | Stephen Hawking)
Uploaded: 2018-03-14T21:59:59.000Z
Duration: 10 min 13 s

There is nothing bigger or older than the universe.

沒有一個東西比宇宙更大或更老。

The questions I would like to talk about are:

everyone thought the universe was essentially static

人們認為宇宙本質上是固定的，

Then it was discovered that the universe was expanding.

之後，人們發現宇宙是一直在膨脹的。

Distant galaxies were moving away from us.

遠方的銀河正在漸漸地遠離我們。

This meant they must have been closer together in the past.

這個行星比宇宙剛形成時更靠近，

we find we must have all been on top of each other

This was the Big Bang, the beginning of the universe.

But was there anything before the Big Bang?

但在大爆炸之前，是否有宇宙呢？

如果沒有，那到底是什麼創造了宇宙？

Why did the universe emerge from the Big Bang the way it did?

為什麼宇宙是經由大爆炸而形成呢？

We used to think that the theory of the universe

like Maxwell's equations and general relativity

麥斯威爾的理論到相對論決定宇宙的演化

that determined the evolution of the universe,

given its state over all of space at one time.

We have made good progress on the first part,

and now have the knowledge of the laws of evolution

But until recently, we have had little idea

但是，近來在第二個宇宙起源的發現

about the initial conditions for the universe.

However, this division into laws of evolution and initial conditions

然而，這些關於宇宙演化的理論

depends on time and space being separate and distinct.

是依據時間與空間是分開並獨立的假設。

Under extreme conditions, general relativity and quantum theory

但在極端的條件下，相對論的變化以及量子理論時，

allow time to behave like another dimension of space.

已經讓時間變成另一個影響太空的變量。

This removes the distinction between time and space,

這個想法解除了原先時間與空間

and means the laws of evolution can also determine the initial state.

是分開獨立的假設，這也使得宇宙演化的研究直接會影響到宇宙起源的探索。

The universe can spontaneously create itself out of nothing.

宇宙可能會從完全沒有的狀態自發地產生。

Moreover, we can calculate a probability that the universe

此外，我們可以計算宇宙創造的的

These predictions are in excellent agreement

which is an imprint of the very early universe.

We think we have solved the mystery of creation.

我們認為我們已經解決的宇宙發生的秘密。

and charge everyone royalties for their existence.

are we alone, or is there other life in the universe?

我們是唯一在宇宙中的唯一生物嗎？

We believe that life arose spontaneously on the Earth,

我們相信地球是自然地產生生物。

so it must be possible for life to appear on other suitable planets,

所以，也有可能在其他適合生存的行星上也會有生物，

of which there seem to be a large number in the galaxy.

而且這種星球在銀河裡應該很多。

But we don't know how life first appeared.

但我們還不知道生命剛剛形成的形式。

We have two pieces of observational evidence

The first is that we have fossils of algae

The Earth was formed 4.6 billion years ago

and was probably too hot for about the first half billion years.

前五億年或許還因為太熱不適合生物生存。

within half a billion years of it being possible,

which is short compared to the 10-billion-year lifetime

This suggests that a probability of life appearing is reasonably high.

當時生物存在的機率相對地高。

If it was very low, one would have expected it

如果存在機率非常低，那也大概會在

to take most of the ten billion years available.

On the other hand, we don't seem to have been visited by aliens.

另一方面，我們似乎沒有資訊顯示外星人來訪，

Why would they appear only to cranks and weirdoes?

為什麼他們只出現在特定人士面前？

If there is a government conspiracy to suppress the reports

如果政府為保密而壓制這些外星人資訊，

and keep for itself the scientific knowledge the aliens bring,

使得科學家沒有機會研究外星人相關知識，

it seems to have been a singularly ineffective policy so far.

目前對我似乎也不會是個有效的政策。

Furthermore, despite an extensive search by the SETI project,

再者，雖然有很多廣泛或相關的專案或研究，

we haven't heard any alien television quiz shows.

我們也沒有在電視的秀中看到任何訊息。

This probably indicates that there are no alien civilizations

在我們現有的研究發展下，我們在宇宙用無線電波

在光年距離做宇宙測試的現象，

within a radius of a few hundred light years.

這似乎顯示我們並沒有任何外星人的文明，

我想對於要確認是否有外星人存在，

against abduction by aliens seems a pretty safe bet.

我們的研究將是一個安全的背書。

This brings me to the last of the big questions:

這帶我們進入最後一個大問題，

If we are the only intelligent beings in the galaxy,

如果我們是銀河裡唯一高智慧生物，

we should make sure we survive and continue.

我們應該確認是否能永續生存，

But we are entering an increasingly dangerous period of our history.

但我們正進入一個正在逐漸危險的人類歷史時期，

Our population and our use of the finite resources of planet Earth

我們的人口與我們使用這個地球行星的資源，

are growing exponentially, along with our technical ability

是快速的成長以及我們高速的科技發展

to change the environment for good or ill.

已經大量改變這個地球的生態，

still carries the selfish and aggressive instincts

that were of survival advantage in the past.

使我們未來可以比過去生存的更好

It will be difficult enough to avoid disaster

is not to remain lurking on planet Earth,

並不是去在地球重建另一個行星，

show that we have made remarkable progress in the last hundred years.

顯現我們過去幾百年的努力的輝煌成就。

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【TED】史蒂芬霍金斯-我們的宇宙如何開始？ (Questioning the universe | Stephen Hawking)

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