Name: 最可怕的寄生蟲 - 被忽視的熱帶疾病 (The Most Gruesome Parasites - Neglected Tropical Diseases)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T07:00:26.000Z
Duration: 5 min 43 s

In the year 1014, Byzantine Emperor Basil the Second defeated the Bulgarian army and captured 15 thousand prisoners.

西元1014年，拜占庭皇帝巴西爾二世擊敗了保加利亞軍隊並且俘虜了15000名囚犯

He could've killed them, but he had a different idea.

他本來可以殺了他們，但他有不同的想法

He wanted to weaken his opponents for decades to come.

幾十年來，他一直想要削弱他的敵人

So he ordered that 99 out of every 100 prisoners be blinded.

於是他下令，每100名犯人內有99名要被戳瞎

The 100th to be spared one eye to guide the rest back home,

而第100名犯人會被留下一隻眼睛來帶領全員回鄉

forcing their communities to care for them for the rest of their lives.

迫使他們的家鄉照顧他們的餘生

Today, humans are subject to an attack just as cynical as this by a league of supervillians called NTDs.

而當今，人類正如此地被一群叫做
NTDs(被忽略的熱帶疾病)的超級壞蛋攻擊

One in seven humans on the planet suffers from one or more NTDs, more than the entire population of Europe.

全球七分之一的人正飽受一或多種NTDs的折磨
人數比全歐洲的人還多

They do unimaginable damage, by crippling countless people,

NTDs造成了難以想像的傷害
癱瘓了無數的人們

they destroy billions of dollars in income each year, weaken communities, and slow progress.

它們每年造成數十億美元的支出
削弱了社會並阻礙了進步

What are these monsters straight out of a horror movie, seeking to wreak havoc on our species?

是何等可怕的怪物試圖削弱我們

NTDs are caused by a vast range of different parasites such as worms, amoebae, bacteria, or viruses.

NTDs是由大量不同的寄生蟲如
蛔蟲、阿米巴、細菌或病毒引起的

The symptoms they cause are just as diverse and truly the stuff of nightmares.

Some, like hookworms, compete with children's brains and bodies for nutrition,

像鉤蟲，會向兒童的大腦和身體搶奪營養

stunting growth, and impairing intelligence.

Some NTDs cause blindness as the result of awful eye infections.

Other parasites confine patients to bed for months, and damage internal organs, often shortening lifespans drastically.

還有一些寄生蟲則令病人必須臥床數個月
同時損害其內臟，使其短命

Yet others cause horrible disfigurements that lead to social stigma, a life lived in shame, and unemployment.

也有一些會造成毀容，並引致社會歧視
使其生活在羞恥和無業的痛苦中

There are also a few that are incredibly agonizing. They cause continuous itching, or horrible pain.

還有一些會造成難以置信的痛苦
連續瘙癢或可怕的疼痛

In fact, let's introduce you to one of them: Dracun culiasis.

讓我們為您介紹其中的一個：
Dracun culiasis(麥地那龍線蟲病)

If you accidentally drink water infected by it, you won't notice anything for a year.

如果你不小心喝下被它感染的水
一年內你並不會發現任何異狀

Until one day, you suddenly see a blister on your leg.

直到有一天
你突然看到你的腿起了水泡

The worm breaks out of the skin to release new larvae.

蠕蟲會從皮膚鑽出來並產下新的幼蟲

The only way to remove it is to slowly pull it out of your leg, centimeter by centimeter, over the course of several weeks,

唯一的解決辦法就是
慢慢地、一公分一公分地拉出來，如此持續數周

because Dracun culiasis is now up to a meter long.

因為此時Dracun culiasis已長至一公尺長

We can all agree that we should kill such parasites with fire.

我們都同意應該用火來燒死這些寄生蟲

That's why we declared war on them, pleading to eradicate most of them by 2020, and we tried doing that very hard.

這就是為什麼我們向他們宣戰
期望到2020年時，能使他們近乎絕跡
而我們正為此努力著

In 1985, there were 3.5 million cases of Dracun culiasis all over the world.

1985年，有350萬起Dracun culiasis的病例遍布全球

We killed 99.999% of these little monsters.

It will be the first parasite we eradicate for good very soon.

這很快將成為我們第一種根治的寄生蟲病

So, even if they don't generate big headlines like Ebola did, actually, amazing things have happened when it comes to NTDs.

即使他們不若伊波拉般的引起廣泛關注，
但在治療與根除NTDs上，的確有好事發生。

they preferably attack humans who live in the most isolated communities, and who are least able to defend themselves.

偏遠地區和免疫力較差的人們最容易被攻擊

There are villages that are 500 kilometers from the nearest health facility, with no roads anywhere.

有些偏遠的村莊
最近的醫療設施距其500公里，而且中間還沒有路

So even if a remedy is available, what if it means going on an odyssey to get it to the patients?

那麼即使已有可用的藥品，那些患者又該如何取得？

This called for an attack using brute force.

這時我們就需要使用強硬的手段

To stamp out NTDs once and for all, what's possibly the biggest medical program in human history was launched, unmatched in scale.

為了一勞永逸地杜絕NTDs
人類史上最大的醫療項目啟動了

Organizations from all fields are working together right now to eliminate ten of these NTDs forever.

來自各個領域的組織，共同合作以根除其中的十種NTDs

Ironically, every NTD is, in fact, preventable or treatable.

諷刺的是，所有NTD其實都是可以被預防或治療的

But most of them can only be controlled by giving medicine to every person in all high-risk areas.

但大部分的NTD卻只能透過對高風險地區的所有人發放藥物來控制疫情

That means millions and millions of doses of medicine, often for several NTDs at a time, over the course of years, in countries where there is no infrastructure.

這意味著在未來幾年，我們必須持續地對那些沒有基礎設施的國家，發放數以百萬計的藥物來治療數種NTDs

Governments and health organizations just couldn't do that by themselves.

政府和衛生組織們無法獨立完成這些

Here, humanity got an opportunity to show off what the industrialized production of medicine can achieve.

這時，人類得到了一個能展現工業化製藥成果的機會

The pharma industry stepped in to distribute the necessary drugs for free, and promised to keep doing it until those ten diseases are gone.

製藥行業從而介入以免費分發這些必要的藥品
並承諾繼續執行，直到這十種病絕跡

By 2020, nearly $18 billion worth of drugs will have been distributed, the largest drug donation the world has ever seen.

到2020年，近180億美元的藥品將被分發
成為前所未有的、最大的藥物捐贈

They also helped make sure the drugs actually get to where they're needed.

他們還幫助確保藥品真的送到了需要它們的地方

In 2015 alone, these treatments reached over 850 million people, more than the population of the EU and the US combined.

單在2015年，治療數達到了8.5億人
超越了歐盟和美國的人口總和

Bad things happening generates headlines.

Hundreds of millions of people overcoming extremely destructive diseases, in an unprecedented act of cooperation doesn't.

億萬人民在前所未見的合作中克服了毀滅性的疾病

Stories like this one are not told often enough.

Good things happen all the time, moving humanity closer to a future with no suffering.

好事隨時都在發生
使我們向沒有痛苦的未來又近了幾步

So, if you or one of your friends are in need of uplifting news, share this video with them.

所以，如果您或您的朋友需要這些正向的新聞
和他們分享這部影片吧

We, as a species, really can do great things with no other motivation than to help each other.

作為一個物種，我們真的能夠在
沒有其他理由下互相幫助。

It's good to remember that from time to time.

This video was made possible in part by a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and your support on Patreon.com

這部影片由比爾和梅琳達·蓋茨基金會，和你在Patreon.com的捐款贊助

If you want to help us make more videos, you can do so here.

如果你想幫助我們做出更多的影片
你可以在這裡幫助我們

If you're disappointed by the lack of disturbing facts in this video, here's a playlist about the end of everything!

如果你因為這部影片內
沒有了令人不愉快的事實而感到失望
這裡有個關於末日的播放清單！