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  • This is a philosopher who helps us think about money, capitalism, and our runaway consumer societies

    這位哲學家能幫助我們思考金錢、資本主義、消費社會

  • Epicurus was an Ancient Greek born in 341 BC.

    伊比鳩魯,古希臘人,生於西元前341年

  • What made him famous was that he spent all his life trying to work out the largest puzzle there is:

    他最有名的,是花了一輩子的時間研究一個問題:

  • what makes people happy?

    什麼事物能讓人真正快樂 ?

  • Philosophers before him had discussed at length what could make people good

    在此之前,哲學家普遍專注研究 "善" (Good)

  • Epicurus preferred to look at what is fun

    伊比鳩魯卻認真探討 "什麼是有趣的、快樂的"

  • Unfortunately, the world was bitter and bitchy even then

    不幸的是,這世界從古希臘時期就充滿挖苦和惡意

  • and when people heard that Epicurus had set up a school to study happiness

    當人們聽到伊比鳩魯創辦了一所 "學習快樂" 的學校時,

  • the rumors went off the scale

    流言傳得滿城風雨

  • There were tales that the school hosted ten course feasts, and orgies every night

    甚至有謠傳說,這學校舉辦豐盛的酒席、夜夜笙歌

  • Epicurus was said, by one critic, to have orgasmed 18 times in a single evening in a bed full of virgins

    有人還批評伊比鳩魯在滿是處女的床上一晚高潮了18次!

  • It wasn't true

    這當然不是真的。

  • Epicurus and his team were studying happiness, but they were doing it very soberly

    伊比鳩魯和他的友人,是以一種嚴肅的態度在研究快樂

  • The philosopher owned only two cloaks, and lived on bread, olives, and for a treat, an occasional slice of cheese

    這位哲學家只有兩件斗篷,賴以維生的是麵包、橄欖、 和請客時偶爾才有的起司

  • As for the bedroom, he merely responded demurely that he'd married philosophy

    至於臥室,他端莊地回應說,他寧願與哲學共結連理。

  • Having patiently studied happiness for many years

    在多年來耐心地研究快樂之後,

  • Epicurus came to a set of remarkable and revolutionary conclusions about what we actually need to be happy

    伊比鳩魯對於 "快樂生活真正需要哪些事物? " 提出了一組不同凡響的答案。

  • He proposed that we typically make 3 mistakes when thinking about happiness:

    他首先指出,人們思考 "快樂" 時,通常犯了3個錯誤:

  • Firstly, we think happiness means having romantic, sexual relationships

    1. 我們以為快樂是擁有浪漫美好的性關係

  • but Epicurus looked around and saw so many unhappy couples

    但伊比鳩魯環顧四周,看到了太多不快樂的情侶

  • their unions marred by jealousy, misunderstanding, cheating, and bitterness

    他們的結合被嫉妒、誤解、背叛、痛苦所破壞

  • at the same time, he observed how much nicer friendships are:

    同時,他卻觀察到"友誼"相較之下美好多了:

  • How people tend to be so decent and unpossessive with their friends

    和朋友在一起時,人們更容易舉止合宜、大方無私

  • Friendship seemed to be where human nature was at its sweetest

    友誼,似乎是人性最甜美的時刻

  • The only problem Epicurus noted was that we don't see our friends enough

    他認為唯一的問題只有:我們與朋友相處的時間不夠

  • The next thing we ordinary think that we need to be happy is a lot of money

    2. 另一個普遍的想法是,我們需要非常多錢才會快樂

  • but we tend not properly to factually the unbelievable sacraficies we gotta have to make to get this money:

    但我們通常未能適當地認清事實, 那就是要做出多大的犧牲才能換得這些財富:

  • The jealousy, the backbiting, the long hours

    那些嫉妒、誹謗、以及大量的時間。

  • What makes work really satisfying, Epicurus believed, ins't money

    伊比鳩魯相信,工作真正讓人感到滿足的原因,不是錢

  • but it was able to work alone, or in small groups, like in a bakery, or boat repair shop

    而是當我們能獨立工作、或是在小群體中工作, 比如在麵包店、修船廠

  • and when we feel we helping others

    以及當我們感受到自己正在幫助他人,

  • in our own, minor way improving the world

    用我們自己微薄的方式改善這個世界。

  • Isn't really large sums or status

    我們內心真正想要的,

  • that we want deep down

    並不是大量的收入或很高的地位,

  • Its a sense of making a diference

    而是一種 "讓世界有所不同" 的成就感。

  • and lastely

    3. 最後一點,

  • Epicurus observes how obsessive we are with luxury

    伊比鳩魯觀察到人們有多沉迷於奢華

  • especially involving houses and beautiful serene locations

    尤其是豪宅與美景

  • but beneath our love of luxury there is really something else we trying to get out

    但在喜愛奢華的背後,其實是另一個我們渴求的事物:

  • What we want is a feeling of calm

    我們真正想要的,是感受到內心的平靜。

  • We want our minds pure, free...

    我們希望我們的心靈純淨、自由,

  • Not full of the normal boredom and chaos

    而不是充斥著日常的無聊與混亂。

  • But the great question is: Does luxury actually make us calm?

    然而最大的問題在於:奢華真的能為我們帶來平靜嗎?

  • Epicurus wasn't so sure...

    這伊比鳩魯就不確定了

  • Having looked happiness in depth

    在深入檢視 "快樂" 之後,

  • Epicurus anounces a revolution reset of insights

    伊比鳩魯發表了革命性的洞見:

  • That we really need only three things to be happy in this life

    想擁有快樂生活,我們真正需要的只有3件事。

  • Firstly

    1. 你需要有朋友在身邊

  • You need your friends around

    不需要性、不需要狂歡,只需要你的好朋友。

  • No sex, no orgy, just your mates

    不只是偶爾與朋友見見面,

  • Enough of seen them only now and then

    而要是頻繁、定期的聯繫才算。

  • Its regularity of contact that counts

    所以伊比鳩魯做了一件我們也許都曾夢想這麼做、

  • So he did that thing that most of us ocasionally dream of doing

    但從沒真正實行過的事,

  • but never actualy get around do

    他買了一棟大房子,開始與他的朋友們一起生活。

  • He bought a big house and start living with all his friends

    每個人都有屬於自己的房間,但也有愉快的公共空間

  • Everyone had your own quarters and there was pleasant share areas too

    廚房裡總是有好朋友能與你聊天

  • There's always someone nice to talk to you in the kitchen

    2. 每個人在工作上降低一個層級

  • Secondly

    和伊比鳩魯同住的朋友們全都不再為他人工作,

  • Everyone downshifted

    雖然薪水大減,但換得的是只需為自己工作。

  • All the members of the comune stop working for other people

    有些人耕種、有些人下廚、有些人繪畫、有些人寫作

  • They took big pay cuts in return for doing their own stuff

    3. 伊比鳩魯和朋友都不再認為欣賞美景就能帶來平靜,

  • some farming, some cooking, some potring or writing

    他們致力於從自己的思想中尋求平靜,

  • And thirdly

    花時間獨處、反思、寫作、讀書、沉思。

  • Epicurus and his friends stop thinking you could be calm just by having a beautiful view to look out to

    這個實驗非常成功,伊比鳩魯和朋友們都過得非常快樂

  • They devote themselfes to finding calm in their own minds

    因此這個想法如火如荼地傳開了。

  • To spending time on their own, reflecting, writing stuff down, reading things, meditating

    地中海一帶有許多人建立起伊比鳩魯式的社群,

  • The experiment was so successful, the members of the comune so happy

    在全盛時期,

  • the idea spread like wildfire

    從西班牙到巴勒斯坦,共有40萬人住在這樣的社群裡!

  • Epicurean communities open up all around the mediterranean

    直到基督教會在五世紀興起,這些社群才逐漸沒落

  • at height of the movement

    但基督教也多少反映了伊比鳩魯式社群的概念,

  • there was four hundred thousand people living in comunes from Spain to Palestine

    因為他們只不過轉換成了修道院,

  • It was only the christian church that ending things in the fifth century

    我們所知的修道院,其實就是伊比鳩魯式的社群、

  • But in most of the respect to the community somehow

    再加上基督信仰。

  • cause they converted all in to monasteries

    另外一個有趣的事實是: 卡爾·馬克思的博士論文主題也是伊比鳩魯。

  • what we know as monasteries are really just epicurean comunes

    而我們稱之為共產主義的

  • with a christian top soil

    那個龐大而失敗的體系,

  • Another interesting fact: Karl Marx it's Ph.D thesis on Epicurus

    其實是伊比鳩魯主義放大、但腐敗而不太成功的變形。

  • and what we call communism, a gigantic

    伊比鳩魯影響後世最深的,是人類並不擅於讓自己快樂

  • failed system

    就只是因為人們以為快樂太簡單了,

  • it's really a grown up, corrupted, not very successful version of epicureanism

    我們自以為了解快樂是性、金錢、奢華,

  • The real Legacy of Epicurus is that human beings aren't very good make themselves happy

    而只想知道如何保有這些東西;

  • especially because they think it's so easy

    但伊比鳩魯說:大錯特錯。

  • We think we know, it's about sex, money, luxury

    認真反思那些真正帶來快樂的時刻,

  • We just want to how to secure all this

    其實與性、金錢、奢華毫無關聯。

  • but no, says Epicurus

    勇敢地依那些真正帶來滿足感的時刻、改變自己的生活

  • Reflect on the moments that truly bring you happiness

    你也許終究會以一種很不一樣的方式生活

  • and they are to do with this

    住在鄉村,只有少許起司、幾件衣服、幾本哲學書

  • Have the courage to change your life, in accordance with the moments that actually delivery satisfaction

    以及一些非常要好的朋友,總在樓下大廳等你。

  • You might end up living in a very different way

  • Out in the country with just some cheese, a couple of clothes, a few philosophy books and

  • some very good friends down the corridor

This is a philosopher who helps us think about money, capitalism, and our runaway consumer societies

這位哲學家能幫助我們思考金錢、資本主義、消費社會

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