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  • Hi everyone, it's Lauren and welcome to

    大家好,我是 Lauren,歡迎來到

  • another episode in my series on Shakespeare,

    我莎士比亞系列的另一部影片,

  • in today's video

    在今天的影片,

  • I'm going to be talking about how to read Shakespeare,

    我要來說說該如何讀好莎士比亞,

  • some tips and tricks to help

    有一些秘訣和技巧可以幫助你

  • you feel comfortable with the language

    輕鬆搞懂他的語言。

  • It's no secret that a lot of people feel

    這也不是什麼秘密,

  • quite intimidated by Shakespeare

    很多人都害怕讀莎士比亞的東西

  • because of the old-fashioned language

    主要因為古英文的關係,

  • and because of the fact it's written in verse

    還有他是以韻文的方式來寫。

  • one of the big barriers is that

    其中一個大麻煩就是

  • Shakespeare wasn't really designed to be read,

    莎士比亞寫的東西完全不是用讀得,

  • Shakespeare was designed to be performed

    而是要把它演出來,

  • so it does take a little bit of imagination on our part to work out

    所以我們要用一點想像力去思考,

  • what the actors are doing on stage whereas

    舞台上的演員在演什麼,然而

  • in a book you have a lot more direction

    在書上,會有很多指示告訴你

  • as to what would be going on with the plot

    劇情接下來會發生什麼。

  • Tip number one is to find a synopsis of the play

    祕訣一,在看整齣劇前,

  • and read that before you actually read the play itself.

    先找到劇情概要然後讀一遍。

  • A lot of Shakespeare's language is very poetic

    莎士比亞很多文字都充滿著詩意,

  • and there's a lot of imagery in what he writes

    他的文字裡頭有很多意象,

  • because you've got to imagine

    因為你必須想像

  • that a lot of these plays were performed outside

    這些戲劇很多都是要演出來的

  • and there was minimal staging

    而且舞台大小非常有限

  • and special effects so what audiences were there for was the poetry

    台下觀眾要的特殊效果就是詩,

  • and Shakespeare was able to paint a picture for them with his words

    而莎士比亞能用文字呈現出來給觀眾

  • but that does mean that when you're trying to work out what's going on sometimes

    不過這也代表,你要試著搞懂現在的情況,

  • characters go off on tangents and talk about something else

    演員有時會脫稿講著其他東西,

  • and while that may be very beautiful

    這樣可能非常適合,

  • it might be completely irrelevant to what is actually happening in the plot in very basic terms,

    但基本上可能對實際的劇情會有反效果。

  • so if you are struggling with Shakespeare's language

    所以,如果你還搞不太懂莎士比亞的文字

  • or you get to a passage that you really don't understand,

    或是讀到有一頁你真的搞不懂,

  • if you have in the back of your mind a basic outline of the plot

    這樣的話,可以在腦中想出這齣劇的基本大綱。

  • you know that as you're reading it if you get lost

    要是在讀的時候迷失方向,

  • you'll be able to find your way again quite easily.

    你可以輕易地找回方向。

  • Tip number two,

    祕訣二

  • one of the most important ones is to find

    其中一個最重要的是,就是去找

  • some adaptations of Shakespeare,

    莎士比亞的一些改編作品

  • there are tons of films, you can go and see

    有很多電影,你可以去看看

  • Shakespeare on stage, you can see tv adaptations, film adaptations,

    莎士比亞的舞台劇,也可以看電視改編劇,還有電影改編的,

  • I'm sure there are tons of clips on youtube.

    我確定 youtube 上也有很多剪輯可以看。

  • Seeing an actor perform Shakespeare

    看看演員怎麼呈現出莎士比亞的東西,

  • can really do wonders to break down the barriers of language

    真的可以幫助你打破語言的障礙,

  • because they really understand what Shakespeare's words are trying to say

    因為他們十分了解莎士比亞的文字想要表達什麼

  • and I find it especially helps you

    我覺得這也很有幫助,

  • to watch an experienced person read Shakespeare

    仔細看一個經驗老道的人讀莎士比亞

  • because then your ear gets atuned

    因為你的耳朵會熟悉

  • to the rhythm and cadence of Shakespeare which is very similar,

    莎士比亞的韻律和抑揚頓挫,這兩者其實非常相似,

  • he tends to write in iambic pentameter and

    他傾向寫抑揚格五音步,

  • once you get used to that rhythm of language

    而且一旦你熟悉這些文字的韻律,

  • it makes it a lot easier for you to hear that in your head when you're reading it alone

    當你自己閱讀時,在腦中聽到會更容易搞清楚,

  • not to mention the fact that Shakespeare's themes are absolutely

    更不用說莎士比亞的主題一般來說絕對是

  • universal of love and loss and revenge

    有關愛、失去以及復仇,

  • and they are fantastic to watch

    他們都非常值得一看。

  • if you are struggling with reading it,

    如果你在閱讀上還是很掙扎,

  • then watching an adaptation can really help bring these things out.

    那看個改編作品真的可以幫你解決這些問題。

  • A fantastic online resources the No Fear Shakespeare project,

    有一個很棒的線上資源 No Fear Shakespeare project,

  • so all of Shakespeare's plays

    所有莎士比亞的戲劇,

  • are in the public domain and can be found online,

    都是屬於公眾領域,網路上都找得到

  • if you type in 'No Fear Shakespeare' you will find a website

    如果你搜尋 「No Fear Shakespeare」就可以找到網站,

  • which has every single one of his plays.

    裡面有莎士比亞的每一齣劇。

  • On one side of the screen you have the original

    螢幕的一邊可以放原文劇本,

  • text and on the other side you have a modern-day translation

    另一邊可以放現代的翻譯版

  • and I find it especially helpful when there are sections of Shakespeare which are prose,

    我覺得這格外有幫助,莎士比亞的很多部分都是散文,

  • which are discussions between people

    而且是和其他人在討論。

  • because on this side of the screen you just end up with all of the dick jokes

    螢幕這一邊,你會發現最後都是字典的笑話,

  • which you would not get on a first read

    你讀第一遍時會什麼都搞不懂

  • because that colloquialism, that banter

    因為它都是白話文,在讀譯文的時候

  • something that we've lost in translation

    就失去了那些有趣的部分。

  • interestingly, I find it actually a lot easier to understand Shakespeare when he's doing this high imagery kind of poetic parts of his soliloquies

    有趣的是,我發現莎士比亞其實很好懂,就是在他獨白的詩意部分,都會有個主要的意象,

  • and then when it is just the everyday banter between the servants for example

    舉例來說,那就是僕人每天的樂趣。

  • and No Fear Shakespeare t is very helpful with that.

    這部分 No Fear Shakespeare 就很有幫助。

  • There's also a ton of analysis of Shakespeare online

    裡頭也有很多莎士比亞的線上分析,

  • if you want to get really deep into the language and what Shakespeare really means,

    如果你真的想更深入他的文字,還有莎士比亞真正的意思,

  • then you can just type in a specific soliloquy and

    那你可以直接打上某段獨白,

  • you'll get loads of responses come up

    你就可以找到很多答案,

  • and finally I have some examples for you

    那最後我有一些例子要告訴你們。

  • I'm going to help you with this reading experience

    我會幫助你們這次的閱讀經驗,

  • this is my copy of Romeo and Juliet,

    我這本書是《羅密歐與茱麗葉》,

  • you can see that most of it is written in verse.

    你可以看到大多數都是以韻文來寫。

  • Iambic pentameter is what Shakespeare uses mostly

    抑揚格五音步是莎士比亞最常用的

  • and that means that they are ten syllable lines

    指的就是每行有十個音節,

  • however that is just the way that it's written on the page to keep it in the rhythm of the verse,

    然而這只是一種寫在紙上的方法,用來保持韻文的韻律

  • if you have a sentence that is longer than ten syllables

    如果有一句超過十個音節,

  • then it will get to a certain point and then the sentence will continue on another page

    它就會跑到其他地方,句子一樣會繼續到另一頁

  • but that doesn't mean

    但這不代表

  • that's how you would read it, or how an actor on stage would actually say the line

    這是你讀的方法,或是演員實際在台上念的方法

  • so for example here is Juliet. You would not read afraid like this -

    所以舉例來說茱麗葉的部分,你不要怕會念得像這樣

  • What's in a name? That which we call a rose. By any other word with sweet.

    名字有什麼關係呢?玫瑰就算不叫玫瑰,香味一樣芬芳

  • So Romeo would were he not Romeo call'd. Retain that dear perfection which he owes.

    羅密歐如果改個名字,還是會一樣可愛,一樣完美無缺。

  • No, no, no! Make sure when you're

    不不不!你在讀的時候,

  • reading it that you're paying attention to the grammar, to the punctuation

    記得要注意文法還有標點符號,

  • and you're reading the sentences off the line

    而且你是要把字裡行間的句子唸出來

  • and you're not thrown by the indents here.

    而不是只注意這裡的縮排。

  • As I've already said another thing that can throw you off your reading experience is the excessive almost use of imagery.

    就像我說得,另一個可以不管閱讀經驗的方法,就是運用大量的意象。

  • I have another example here from Romeo

    我還有另一個羅密歐的例子

  • 'But soft! What light through yonder window breaks?

    『輕聲!那邊窗戶裡亮起來的是什麼光?

  • It is the east and Juliet is the Sun.

    那就是東方,茱麗葉就是太陽。

  • Arise fair Sun and kill the envious moon who is already sick and pale with grief that thou, her maid art far more fair than she'

    起來吧,美麗的太陽,趕走那嫉妒的月亮, 她已經傷心不已,因為你比她美麗。』

  • so Romeo is just going off on a tangent here

    所以羅密歐現在突然離題

  • because Juliet has just come to the window

    因為茱麗葉才剛來到窗戶那,

  • and he's describing her beauty,

    羅密歐把她形容成一位美人,

  • he's describing the effect that she's having on him

    也形容茱麗葉帶給他的影響

  • and Shakespeare is using poetry to convey emotions to you

    而莎士比亞運用詩來傳達情感給讀者,

  • but you don't really need to understand this about the Sun and the moon,

    但也不用真的需要了解太陽和月亮的意思

  • I mean it is interesting

    我是說那雖然很有趣

  • but that's not the point

    但卻不是重點

  • the real point is this - 'but soft!' Hey!

    重點是 - 『輕聲!』嘿!

  • hang on one moment, what's going on over there?

    等一下子,那裡發生了什麼事?

  • A light has come through that window over there and it is the east,

    一道光從那扇窗傳來,而這裡是東方,

  • it's like the dawn and Juliet is the Sun rising and bringing that light the rest of the world

    現在是黎明時分,茱麗葉就是那升起並照亮整個世界的太陽,

  • later on he says 'It is my lady; O! It is my love:

    之後他又說:『那是我的意中人;啊!那是我的愛:

  • O that she knew she were.

    唉,但願她知道我愛著她。

  • She speaks yet she says nothing.

    她欲言又止。

  • What is that her eye discourses?

    但她的雙眼道出了什麼心事?

  • I will answer it

    我會去回應她的。

  • I'm too bold, 'tis not to me she speaks.'

    我太魯莽了,她不是對我說話。』

  • So through Romeo's words we're actually

    所以透過羅密歐的話,我們清楚明白

  • getting what Juliet is doing, there aren't any stage directions here

    茱麗葉現在的情況,這裡沒有任何舞台指導

  • but he is talking to her,

    但羅密歐在對茱麗葉說話,

  • he's wishing that she knew that

    他希望茱麗葉知道

  • he was there and he sees that she's talking to herself, looking around the garden,

    他就在這,而他看見茱麗葉在對自己說話,環顧整個花園

  • he thinks she can see him

    他認為茱麗葉會看見他

  • he goes to wave to her...Oh no no!

    於是他前去向她揮手... 喔,不對不對!

  • So it just takes a slightly more closer look at the text to

    那我們稍微進一步看看文本的內容,

  • not only get what Romeo was saying but

    不只是搞懂羅密歐在說什麼,

  • also to give you a vision of what is happening on stage as well

    也要讓你想像舞台上發生的狀況。

  • Another example that I really like of the texts really communicating what an actor would be going on stage is

    另一個例子,我真的很喜歡文本,可以清楚傳達演員在台上會演什麼。

  • this soliloquy from Macbeth,

    這段獨白是《馬克白》裡的,

  • it is just before Macbeth is about to go and kill Duncan

    正是馬克白準備前去刺殺鄧肯時,

  • and he's having a vision -

    而這是他想像的畫面-

  • 'Is this a dagger which I see before me the handle toward my hand?

    『我眼前出現的是一把匕首嗎,匕首的柄還向著我的手?

  • Come let me clutch thee. I have been not and yet I see thee still.

    來,讓我握著你:我握不到你,但我總能看見你。

  • Art though not fatal vision sensible to feeling as to sight?

    不祥的幻象,你只是一件可視不可觸的東西嗎?

  • Or art thou but a dagger of the mind, a false creation proceeding from the heat-opressed brain?'

    或者你不過是心中的一把刀子,由狂熱腦子裡生出來的幻象呢?』

  • So not only do we have that Macbeth is seeing a dagger in front of him,

    所以我們不只知道,馬克白看見一把匕首在他面前,

  • but he's trying to grab it and realizing that he can't

    也知道他試著拿起它,卻突然發覺到他沒辦法拿。

  • 'art thou not sensible to feeling as to sight?'

    『不祥的幻象,你只是一件可視不可觸的東西嗎?』

  • like I can see you why can't I feel you?

    就像我看得到你,為何感覺不到你?

  • 'I see thee yet in form and palpable as this which now I draw.

    『我還看得見你,那形狀就和我現在抽出來的匕首一樣清楚。

  • Though marshall'st me the way that I was going and such an instrument I was to use.'

    你引導我走向我已經步上的路,我要用的原是這樣一把利器。』

  • so again I see you there as palpable as this which now I draw - this dagger which I have with me and which i'm drawing from my belt,

    所以同樣我看得見你,就跟我現在從腰帶抽出來的匕首一樣清楚

  • to me this dagger I see is as real

    對我來說這把匕首是真實存在的

  • as the one that I'm holding here which

    但我現在手上拿得這把,

  • the audience can see, and you are showing,

    觀眾都看得見,而且在展現

  • 'thou marshall'st me the way' you are showing me the way that I need to go to commit murder

    『你引導我的路』,在向我說明我必須去犯下謀殺。

  • so it's always worth bearing in mind

    所以一定要銘記在心,

  • that it's a person delivering a speech to the audience,

    是有一個人在對著觀眾說話,

  • if you try and read it as you would read a normal book

    要是你試著把它當一般的書的讀,

  • then you're only going to get half the story.

    那你只會對這故事一知半解。

  • So I hope that was helpful if Shakespeare is something that you are a little bit nervous about,

    如果你對莎士比亞的東西有些害怕,我希望這部影片會有幫助。

  • I know the language can be difficult, the 'thous' the 'thys' the 'th'arts'

    我知道他的文字可能有點難,像是:『thous』 『thys』 『th'arts』

  • but it really is quite simple,

    但它們其實很簡單,

  • the English follows exactly the same grammar as we have now,

    其中的英文文法就跟我們現在一樣,

  • it's just an older form of 'you'

    就只是『you』以前的形式 ,

  • these are things that you can look up quite easily

    這些意思你都可以輕鬆查到,

  • and once you understand them

    一旦你了解它們之後

  • it really is just like reading plain English

    就跟在讀白話的英文一樣,

  • and you won't even notice that they're in the text.

    而且你根本不會發現它們就在文本裡。

  • So let me know how you feel about Shakespeare in the comments below -

    所以在底下留言讓我知道,你對莎士比亞的想法 -

  • are you a complete novice who's a little bit nervous about getting stuck in

    你是還停留在對莎士比亞感到害怕的新手,

  • or are you a Shakespeare aficionado?

    或者你是莎士比亞的頭號粉絲?

  • Do you have any more tips of your own that you can share with everybody else?

    你有更多訣竅可以跟大家分享嗎?

  • I will be very happy to answer any more questions and take suggestions

    我很樂意回答任何問題,也接受任何建議。

  • if there's anything else that you'd like to

    如果還有其他想學的東西,

  • learn and i will see you in my next video

    那我們下個影片見吧

  • bye!

    拜!

Hi everyone, it's Lauren and welcome to

大家好,我是 Lauren,歡迎來到

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