Name: 什麼華氏度？ (What the Fahrenheit?!)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T06:54:29.000Z
Duration: 5 min 24 s

the Fahrenheit temperature scale has always seemed a bit arbitrary to me.

I mean why does water freezes at 32 degrees?

我的意思是為什麼水 在 32度 凍結。

Why that integer and what exactly does 0 represent?

為什麼是這個整數，而 0 又代表什麼？

the Fahrenheit scale was defined by setting 0 degrees

equal to the temperature of the ice salt and water mixture

And a hundred degrees being roughly equal to human body temperature.

The real story is much more interesting and scientific.

August 14th, 1701 was almost certainly the worst day

1701年 8月14日， 幾乎是最糟糕的一天

in the life of 15 year-old Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit.

加布里埃爾·華倫海特（華氏） 在15歲時，

On that day, both of his parents died suddenly from mushroom poisoning.

那一天，他的父母突然因為 蘑菇中毒 死亡。

And he was sent from Poland where he lived

to Amsterdam to become an apprentice bookkeeper.

去到 阿姆斯特丹 成為一個學徒簿記員。

But Fahrenheit couldn't stand his apprenticeship and

ran away so many times that his employer put out a warrant for his arrest.

不停逃跑 使得他的雇主 發出了逮捕令。

Traveling from city to city around Europe,

he became fascinated with scientific instruments

In 1708, possibly seeking help with the warrant,

在 1708年， 或許是由於逮捕令 而尋求幫助，

Fahrenheit met with the mayor of Copenhagen,

who happened to be the famous astronomer Ole Rømer.

也就是著名的天文學家 Ole Rømer。

Rømer is known for observing the eclipses of Jupiter's moons

Rømer 以觀察 木星月亮的月食 而聞名，

and realizing that variations in the timing of those eclipses

was caused by the time it took light to reach Earth.

是因為 光到達地球的時間 而異。

換句話說，他找到了一種準確測量光速的辦法。

to accurately measure the finite speed of light.

但是，與這個故事更有關聯的是，

在1702年，Rømer 因為腿斷了不能离家。

in 1702, Rømer was housebound after breaking his leg.

為了打發時間，他設計了一個 全新的溫度標準

And to pass the time, he devised a brand-new temperature scale

with the freezing point of water at 7.5 degrees

現在，這可能是奇怪的 直到你認為 Rømer 想要讓

Now, this might seem odd until you consider that Rømer wanted

the boiling point of water to be 60 degrees.

作為一個天文學家，他習慣把事物分成 60 份。

As an astronomer, he had experience dividing things by 60.

分成一半， 分成一半， 再分成一半

divide it in half, in half again and in half once more,

you find the freezing point of water one eighth up the scale,

and human body temperature three eighth up the scale.

華氏 知道了 Rømer 的溫標並使用，

Fahrenheit learned of Rømer's temperature scale and adopted it as his own,

adjusting it slightly because he found it

"因為小數點而 不夠方便和優美。"

"inconvenient and inelegant on account of fractional numbers".

And this is the original Fahrenheit scale.

He produced thermometers for some time using this scale.

Fahrenheit multiplied all numbers on the scale by 4

設置冰點到現在熟悉的32度和 體溫至96度。

setting freezing point to the now-familiar 32 and body temperature to 96.

他可能只是想要更精確的測量。

He may just have wanted finer precision in his measurements.

華氏 是一個優秀的儀器製造商。

You see, Fahrenheit was an excellent instrument maker.

His thermometers agreed with each other precisely

He pioneered the use of mercury as a measuring liquid,

which has the benefit of a much higher boiling point than the alcohol

used in most other thermometers at the time.

he was inducted into the British Royal Society.

我們知道他讀了牛頓，波义耳和胡克的作品，

And we know that he read the works of Newton, Boyle, and Hook,

in which he would have come across the idea

that one degree increase in temperature could correspond to

a specific fractional increase in the volume of the measuring liquid.

And today, a one degree Fahrenheit increase in temperature

正好增加水銀體積 一萬分之一。

increases the volume of mercury by exactly one part in 10,000.

好吧，我們可能永遠不會知道 因為

Well, we'll probably never know for sure because

作為儀器製造商，華氏對他的方法非常保密。

as an instrument maker Fahrenheit was very secretive about his methods.

但我認為這數據強烈建議 這種情況。

But I think the data strongly suggest that this was the case.

所以 0度在 華氏和 Rømer 的溫標代表什麼？

So, what exactly did zero represent on the scales of Fahrenheit, and Rømer?

根據許多來源，它是鹽冰和水混合物 的溫度。

By many accounts, it's the temperature of salt ice and water mixture.

唯一的問題是這些混合物有不同的描述

The only problem is there are different descriptions of these mixtures

而且他們都沒有達到它們應有的溫度。

And none of them actually produces the temperature they're supposed to.

更有可能，我認為他們在冬天選擇了最冷的溫度，

More likely, I think they picked the coldest temperature in winter

然後用冰和鹽水洗滌 校準成新的溫度計。

and later used ice and brine to calibrate new thermometers.

在那個時候，華氏溫度計 是最好的溫度計。

In his day, the Fahrenheit thermometer was the best you could get.

但現在，他的只用在 開曼群島，

But now his scale is only used regularly in the Cayman Islands,

巴哈馬，伯利茲......哦，和美國。

Bahamas, Belize— oh, and the United States of America.

也許這是時候 我們使用全球都在用的溫標 -

So maybe it's time we all adopted the global scale of temperature:

攝氏，順便說一下， 不是由攝氏發明的。

Celsius, which by the way, wasn't invented by Celsius at all.

Hey! So that was something a little bit different.

這視頻是由 Marcello Ascani 做的動畫。

This video was animated by Marcello Ascani.

我有在影片描述 加了他的頻道鏈接。

I've got a link to his channel in the description.

你知道，我變得迷上了溫度標度

You know, I became really fascinated with temperature scale

after I saw the original Celsius thermometer.

Now, this video was supported in part by viewers like you on Patreon,

- 有声书 的领先提供商 有成千上万的标题

a leading provider of audiobooks with hundreds of thousands of titles in

including fiction nonfiction and periodicals.

where you can download any book of your choosing.

And I have a book that I would recommend to you.

叫做 The Structure of Scientific Revolutions 作者： Thomas S. Kuhn.

It is called The Structure of Scientific Revolutions by Thomas S. Kuhn.

字幕列表影片播放

什麼華氏度？ (What the Fahrenheit?!)

realize

scale

arbitrary

coincidence