Name: 使用LSD、Psilocybin和Bromo-LSD治療叢集性頭痛--Torsten Passie。 (The Use of LSD, Psilocybin, and Bromo-LSD for the Treatment of Cluster Headaches - Torsten Passie)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T06:51:58.000Z
Duration: 26 min 14 s
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情態副詞

I'm speaking about a [possibly] partially non-psychedelic topic, but it originated

in the psychedelic field. It's also an interesting story about a discovery.

[You] will mainly hear here from me about bromo-LSD, which is a compound which [was]

originally synthesized by Hofmann in the mid-'50s, by Albert Hofmann,

the discoverer of LSD. So it seems that his LSD placebo will at last become a medication.

So that's quite interesting, but it's posthumous. He didn't know about that.

This is Albert Hofmann, as you may know. So...to give a short overview, I will tell you

very [briefly] about cluster headaches and what it means. I will also tell you

about the initial self-trials with LSD and psilocybin in cluster headaches.

Then I will talk some about bromo-LSD and the treatments [which] we have done

with bromo-LSD already and the future which may happen [with] bromo-LSD,

if everything works out well. What is [a] cluster headache?

One or 2 or 3 out of a thousand people have cluster headache[s], which [are] a very malign

form of migraine. There is a male-female...which is opposite to migraines, right?

It's called "suicide headache" because the people [who] have that disease are

so much [in] pain that they sometimes have these attacks a few times a day,

and...a lot of times in a row. Some people are even chronic that way. So they do [commit] suicide

to avoid the pain. It typically begins at the [age of] 20. There are episodic and chronic forms.

Some people have only these cycles, like having three months of cluster headaches,

then three months symptom-free, then another three months, or in a [slightly] different pattern,

they have these [attacks]. These are in fact very severe and repeated headaches,

which are occurring in cycles, so-called clusters. So it's a serious disease and we don't have

the real medication for it up to now. Here is a picture which may give you an idea

[of] how terrible that is, because you feel like a spear is in your head, going through it,

and you feel all that pain. It's really hard, and you also have lacrimation [crying]

and sometimes a [stuffy] nose and so on, but it's a really hard pain.

If you look up these videos [which] are on Youtube about this disease and how

the pain is going on, it's terrible. You wouldn't even believe it, if you can't see that.

So what are the conventional treatment[s]? We have treatments which are trying to

cope with acute headaches as well as giving prophylactic effects if taken on a daily basis.

That's the usual medications [which] we used up to now. But there may be

a new kind of treatment with bromo-LSD and maybe with LSD/psilocybin,

which may be called preventative, because you're doing the drug and then afterwards,

you have a kind of after-effect which is remission...so you don't have any cluster headaches,

even without taking the medication...additional times.

Breathing pure oxygen may help a lot of these people in acute attacks, around 70%.

But you always have to carry a tank with you. So it's hard to do sometimes.

[Triptans], which are used for treatment of migraines, are also effective in a lot of people,

but they have some side effects. Especially if you take them a few times a day,

you will get serious side effects which are really [dis]agreeable, and [there is]

also a cost factor. A lot of health insurance companies in the US don't pay

Verapamil is another medication, usually for cardiac purposes. It is used as

a prophylactic treatment, but that's off label, still. It also has a lot of side effects

which a lot of people can't tolerate. There's another medication, prednisone,

which is a cortisol preparation. That can have a lot of serious side effects,

immuno-modulatory effects, psychosis, osteoporosis, and so on. So you can't take that,

really, on a regular basis. Some new ideas are: because the illness is so severe in the pain

...some people even searched...for neurostimulators, where you put some wires

in the brain and stimulate [it] so that you have less pain. But it was found out recently,

because it's a [rival] approach to BOL in a way, it was recently found out

that they have a lot of complications, infections and everything. So everybody had complications,

in fact, every patient. So they're staying away from it right now.

Also it is the case [that] if you have the headaches on one side, for example,

and you put a neurostimulator in there, it may change to the other side.

So you've got one surgery after another, and it really doesn't work out that well.

The history is interesting, because a Scottish person with severe episodic cluster headaches

was having [them] for 18 years and then he wondered why he didn't get the attacks

[during] one year at a certain point. He always got it [then], at that point [in the year],

[but then] he didn't, for months. So he was looking up his diary and his memory, and said,

"what did I do [differently] than usual?" He found out that he took LSD in 1993,

two times that year. So he didn't get the cluster headaches [the] next year.

So he made that kind of causal [connection] about it.

So he was, on his own, taking LSD [on] a regular [schedule], [at] a hallucinogenic dose, to treat it.

He really prevented all [the] headaches. So no cluster headache was showing up

[during] this time. Then he tried to stay away from LSD to test if [there was] really a connection,

and the cluster headache showed up again. So this guy was posting these

very personal findings on the internet, and so, some other people became aware of that.

Some of them are also psychedelic aficionados, I guess, so they don't mind

taking such a medication, so it was tried on a larger basis.

They found out [that] it was very effective. So we have right now evidence

that three substances can treat cluster headaches in [a] way I will tell you about.

One is psilocybin; it was tried out too, and it works as well. The other is LSD,

not allowed in these preparations, right now. The next thing is bromo-LSD,

which I will talk about. Here are some batches from the '60s for analytical purposes.

What they have done, then, is, my colleagues from Harvard...had the idea, initiated by Bob Volt,

head of the organization Cluster Busters, [which] was founded around these findings,

and he's also announcing that he is preparing material here where you can

look up our studies as well as some brochures related to that kind of research.

In the year 2004-2005, Bob Volt was asking the Harvard guys, John Halpern, in fact,

to do a kind of survey about these cases. So these people were contacted by the internet,

and some of them, 53, were interviewed and gave their okay for getting their medical records,

[to show that] they [were] really diagnosed that way, so that we [were] really sure

they [had] that disease. Nearly 60% hadn't used any psychedelics recreationally,

but they took it because of the cluster headache, and it worked for them.

These were the participants. There was a use of psilocybin; out of 19 cases,

17 had success treating their cluster headaches with that. This study was done with

[R.] Andrew Sewell in cooperating with [John] Halpern and the [department] chief.

With the episodic cluster headaches, 29 of the 53 took the LSD for prophylactic purposes,

or the psilocybin. This is not a very good thing here.

In more than 50% it was effective... for breaking the cycle, but they didn't take it

on a daily basis. They only took it one time and then the cluster cycle was broken

in more [than] half of them. There is no medication out there which can do that.

I need to make that clear. [For] forty percent it was partially effective.

It diminished the pain, it diminished the frequency. So they may have at that point [in] time

not really figured out what the right treatment regime would be, and how often

you have to take it and at what doses and so on. This evaluation, this survey,

gave some ideas about that. The LSD users [also broke] the cycle and had some

preventative effect also. Twenty out of the psilocybin users [had] taken psilocybin