GOTO 2016--用Kotlin和Gradle實現更好的Android開發--Ty Smith。 (GOTO 2016 • Better Android Development with Kotlin & Gradle • Ty Smith)

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thanks Simon as developers we get the
best work done when we just have the
opportunity to sit down undistracted and
get into the flow context switching
greatly reduces our efficiency and it
can cause us a lot of frustration
how many of you would love to work in a
world where you get to work in a
consistent expressive concise and fun
programming language all day both for
the app development you do as well as
the tools to build it
I know I would when it comes to building
Android we may use a mix of languages in
the app source and the built will source
everything from java groovy xml
javascript if there's any web stuff
native code could be in c c++ there's a
lot of stuff going on here and it can
really slow us down and inhibit new
developers to the codebase I'm tie and
I'm an Android developer at uber working
on our external developer platform today
I'm going to walk you through this under
new language that some of you may have
heard about by now called Kotlin and how
it can help make your life a little bit
better and more consistent throughout
the entire development stack walk you
through a short overview the language
and then specific real-world examples
primarily focused on using it in the the
build tools but first remember to use
the conference app to rate and ask
questions before we begin with Scotland
why isn't java good enough for us
one of the major talking points lately
has been when android will see true java
8 support recently along with the in
release we did hear word of eight
support with the new compiler jack
however kind of in a fragmented worlds
when it comes to the languages that
android supports with Jack you get the
land of support and you get that new API
features for the brand new release but
we all know how Android users are slow
to adopt new versions of Java 7 has
support for a larger set of devices i
believe from KitKat and up and below
that they're still stuck on java 6
support so with that fragmentation it's
really hard to focus on just using a new
language java android can both
be quite error-prone as well capturing
in her classes for example leaves your
apps from the memory leaks especially
when passing those onto asynchronous
operations hopefully you got to see the
talk by py earlier he does a lot more
into the leaks that can be associated
with that you didn't get a chance to see
that today I'd recommend watching that
video there are also several syntactical
problems with java beside lambdas which
is kind of the most popular thing that
people say they want such as the
collection streaming and other systemic
problems such as the verbis no ability
and mutability the syntactical problems
can be resolved with some great
libraries that help improve the app
development experience and safely back
fort some of those features from job and
eight and seven to previous versions
libraries like Jack retro lambda and
even RX Java but the systemic problems
cause for a bit of an issue though
well Ruby is what is primarily used in
for building Gradle and it's an
expressive and useful language however I
think it also has a few limitations that
make it less than ideal for a world
where we wanted this consistency across
the first is that it's a that the first
is that it's a dynamic language will
call in a statically typed girls going
to spend more time processing the
language because of the runtime checking
that needs to be done and it's been
noted that using cotton in your Gradle
bills will speed up the configuration
step because previous dynamic harder for
the ide to be smart for you to parse to
autocomplete and therefore it's going to
be more prone to error you're going to
have to do the build before you can
often see that there's an issue that's
going to slow down the feedback cycle by
using a statically typed language you
allow the ID to be smarter for you and
help give you these issues before you
have to spend the time to reveal brings
a number of performance and memory
concerns if it was going to be
specifically on Android as well so that
might limit this consistency that we
talked about for example the standard
runtime for groovy is quite large the
dynamic nature means that the garbage
collector and android would be running
quite frequently which could cause a
poor user experience and close friends
to drop wouldn't be great to have
consistency between our build scripts
plugins and the deliverable code
well I think that we can get that by
using column with all type i'm sure
you've heard a thing or two about it but
there's been a few
our talks already about Colin here the
conference but for those of you who
haven't got a chance to hear about it
i'll walk through a few of the
advantages of it it's built by the folks
at jetbrains the people behind IntelliJ
and most of the android studio work and
it's completely in its built completely
in the open and it's designed with
mobile first in mind with Android
developers being a really large target
audience for them they reach their 10
milestone somewhat recently so we have a
stable I and many of the top apps are
already starting to integrate or explore
integration since the first time I gave
this stock the Gradle team has also
announced official support for cotton
and build scripts as well while it's
still in its infancy the dedication from
the team and the official announcement
means that going forward will see it
treated as a first class citizen because
it's designed to work with android
mobile first in mind the bytecode that's
generated by colin is a hundred percent
compatible with the jvm six so it covers
that fragmentation problem that i
mentioned earlier you don't really need
to convert your entire project to Kotlin
to start using it you can use it right
away because colin is fully
interoperable with java you can intermix
them in the same project the language
has its own standard runtime and this
library does need to be bundled with
your application
fortunately it's quite small coming in
around 600 k last time I checked now if
you were to contrast this to the iOS
world which many of you may be familiar
with as well
Swift has a very similar setup you need
a bundle Swift with your iOS application
but it comes in around 10 megs for
android it's pretty important especially
if we're going to consider targeting
emerging markets that we need to keep
our appt binary small and fortunately
Kotlin allows us to do that because
colin is statically typed as i mentioned
earlier and it keeps memory allocation
in mind we don't have the same type of
runtime overhead that we would be that
we would have by using a dynamically
typed language like Ruby this could be a
large constraint on Android wear the GC
would be making that more problematic
lastly colin is a modern language with
many awesome features that make
development fun and you can use it on
all of your android devices today
but more importantly Colin helps us with
many of the constraints that java
introduced that java android both
introduced by utilizing Collins type
system for all safety it can help us
reduce easy to avoid no corner error
exceptions and make our code much more
maintainable column gives us a great way
to reduce the boilerplate code that's so
synonymous with java it makes our code
much more maintainable and approachable
for other developers the Android API is
rely primarily on an architecture of
inheritance and although this works well
for the teams at Google it puts the
large larger burden on the app developer
especially when many of us seek an
architecture of composition there are
also many api's that require proper
ceremony to complete you have to call a
number of methods in order
just think about the steps required for
toasting saving sequel light
transactions or using the media recorder
often you have to initialize do your
work and then call a committer save and
if you happen to miss one of those steps
you're only going to discover that at
one time
lastly while java is too verbose in my
opinion to define a maintainable build
script I believe Colin is expressive and
concise enough to compete with many
aspects of groovy the preferred build
script language of of Gradle while
providing much-needed type safety to
reduce errors and expedite the
development of your tooling so we call
it has it brings a lot of cool features
to the table we have higher order
functions and properties and mix-ins and
there's a there's a lot of these and I'm
only supposed to be up here for about 45
minutes so I'm just gonna go to a few of
these today that i think will be really
promising and help with your tooling so
one of the most common exceptions and
job development is the null pointer
exception infamously known as the
billion-dollar mistake
unfortunately job doesn't have a first
clapper class representation of
something that may or may not be in all
and we've seen many libraries and
tooling try to address this in the past
with band-aids on top of java by having
run time-based checks for all it makes
the code much more susceptible even when
we're using those in all checks and
having the potential value of null
requires defensive programming
which leads to let much less
maintainable code as well so here's our
first example to show Collins variable
assignments you'll notice that Scotland
uses a syntax that reverses the type a
name ordering for variable declaration
in this case we'll get a compile-time
exception on that second line as we're
not allowed to sign a sign all 2 VAR a
however in this next example you'll note
the ? along with the Declaration this
indicates to Colin that the value maybe
not all and we'll take care of checking
that once we try to utilize the variable
though we will see a compilation error
as we needed to explicitly check for
null before using you may notice the two
different ways of declaring the variable
here with bar and valve and to clarify
Scotland uses bar to indicate that it's
immutable variable well it uses Val to
indicate indicate that it's an immutable
value in this last example of no ability
we can see a few different formats to
check for null the first line of code
you'll note the ? and use again with
that is declared any further method
calls on that object will return all if
the parent object is not and this
removes the need for us to do the nested
if no checks in Java in the second line
of code we follow a slightly different
format of utilizing all we specify a
default value using a single expression
if else and in this last example we take
advantage of the Elvis operator to
simplify the syntax of the previous
examples let's move on to another cool
feature of Colin class properties in
this example will define a class called
user and specify a member variable for
the name using the syntax we put the
member in line with the class name is
one approach although we could specify
it below in the class as well which may
be more familiar some of you although
this looks like a standard Java field
this is a synthetic property
this means that the getters and setters
are automatically generated for us and
that's what's being used near the bottom
with a slide that definitely helps clean
up some of that boilerplate code we can
however override the default generated
getters and setters to specify custom
log
check by declaring a get a set method
below the plot property definition
you'll notice that we change the syntax
for the property declaration here as
well from the previous slide this is
just another way of handling that in
addition to using properties to clean up
boilerplate code college offers a
concept called the data class this is
designed to be a lightweight pojo and
all and do all of those things than
standard pojo and java would normally
need to take care of advising by adding
the data keyword in the Declaration we
get this behavior will automatically
generate an equals and hashcode method
for us so we no longer need to define
that it will also create the two-string
method with all of the constructor
parameters that we defined lastly it
will generate the copy method for us
with default parameters so that you
don't have to implement builders to copy
and create immutable pojos throughout
your code base data classes do have many
limits as well for example they cannot
extend another class or be abstract so i
definitely recommend looking up the
restrictions of this in the cotton
documentation to decide if it's right
for you
let's move on to another example
function literals or lambdas are a great
way to make code more readable and have
come to be expected from Modern
Languages today
java 6 doesn't have support for these
but by using a framework like retro
lambda that rewrites the bytecode from a
lambda java 7 or a job at lambda to a
single abstract method is a great way
for us to get that in android today
lucky for us we get it out of the box
with Colin in this example we see it a
few different syntactical ways to write
them they will infer the type from the
definition so we can reference the
variables directly in the first example
in a second with the old with only a
single parameter we can refer to it as
the standard it notation similar to
groovy or many other languages and we
can store the function literal in
variables such that we can access it
later when needed
expanding on the function literal
concept call it also provides us with
higher order functions or functions that
take functions as parameters or return
them this is a very powerful technique
to write clean readable code will get to
see some more powerful examples of this
in real-world use cases for cleaning up
android and Gradle code as soon as we
understand the last concept required
that last concept that i want to talk
about his extension functions calling
gives you the ability to add methods to
existing types and this is very powerful
and similar to other languages like C
sharp and it's a great way to replace
the utility health at java has known to
become we have a utah class representing
interactions with an object that's out
of your control the syntax requires that
you just define the type . method name
and the code interacts with that class
as if it was owned by that class please
note that you cannot override existing
methods of a class with a functioning
with an extension function
another thing to note is that Colin only
gives you access to the method that you
defined in a class where you define the
function extension if you wanted to use
it in other classes you would need to
explicitly imported from the class where
you had to find it i mentioned earlier
that function that extension functions
were a great way to wrote avoid that you
tell Helen Java but also mentioned that
cotton is completely interoperable with
java so what is this actually doing its
generating a class with a static method
that intercepts calls to the object in
Colin but in Java you can back you can
call that generated static you told
directly Colin will assign a default
name to the file based on the file name
but you can specify something custom by
using the annotation here file jvm name
with the string for the file you wanted
to group multiple of these extension
functions in one you told class instead
of having one generated per you could
use this other annotation and declare
the name and use the jvm multi file
class annotation to do that this can be
really powerful and android here's the
traditional way of saving an object into
shared preferences in Java you can see
that it requires us to admit the
preference editor put the object into
the reference editor and then call apply
and this is prone for error as it
requires the ceremony to befall the
exact followed exactly and if we don't
then we don't save the value that we
expect
so how can we make this better
here's that same functionality but using
the last three concepts that we talked
about using and Colin extension
functions higher-order functions and
function literals we add method edit to
the shared preference object that takes
a function literal that is defined as
another extension function of the editor
class
this can be confusing at first but it's
incredibly powerful and it allows any
function literal past n to behave as if
it was a method on the shared
preferences editor object
this allows us to use the code in a
type-safe way knowing that the string is
saved without having to worry about
referencing the correct editor a caveat
to note though is that since colin is
java 6 compatible using higher order
functions imposes certain certain
runtime penalties each function is an
object and it captures a closure these
variables that are accessed in the body
of the function so now we have memory
allocations both for the function object
and for the classes and the virtual
calls to introduce runtime overhead as
well but by adding the inline keyword
and Colin to the function declaration
we're telling the cotton compiler to
compile the code in line as if we had to
find it the very first way that i showed
in Java which is while prone day error
from a maintainability perspective much
more performance for the machine so now
our bytecode between the cotton version
and the java version is identical
remember when I said that Colin doesn't
add runtime overhead
well this is one of those features that
really allows for that these cotton
features give us a powerful ability to
start creating a dsl there's a school
proof-of-concept library called and
co-written by the jetbrains team that
allows you to clearly described android
layouts using purely Collins without
having to use XML xml at all
by utilizing higher-order functions you
can write a clean android layout dsl you
may also notice that the syntax is
starting to look quite similar to groovy
so maybe now I've sold you on some of
the benefits of colin is a language and
you can see how it could be useful for
work in your Android app but introducing
that without further fragmentation to
this to your code minutes
you might have column in your app and
mixing of mix of groovy and java your
build tools
that's up to three languages jvm
languages just to be thinking about and
humans aren't really that great context
switching the matter really what you
said what you think about yourself
studies show that were not great at it
so this overhead is going to reduce
developer productivity maybe we can use
Colin by bringing it to the next level
in Gradle we could use in the build tool
as well and i'm going to walk through
some small examples of many use case of
a use case many of us have had how to
load api key information so that we can
sign outgoing request to a web server
and have been quite a few talks and blog
posts and sample projects to teach us
using cotton in an android specifically
so from now on I'll just be focusing
primarily on inside of cradle course to
use Scotland we need to install it
it's quite simple to install using
Gradle we had a bill time dependency and
apply the plug-in and then we include
the standard library and runtime we can
intermix . Katy files and the java files
and the groovy files also to know
be sure to install the intelligence or
Android studio Colin plug-in it'll make
your life a little bit easier can even
help facilitate adding these
dependencies and it has provided at java
to Kotlin converter may not produce the
most idiomatic Colin but it's definitely
a great start this get scotland in our
runtime code let's take a moment to make
our build script even better using Colin
as well the column Gradle support the
cotton support in Braille scripts
specifically is still a work in progress
at the moment the Gradle team first
unveiled Colin support for build scripts
that great also met a few months ago but
the benefits of cotton in the IDE will
now be much easier for us to write and
maintain these build scripts i know i'm
really excited for autocomplete in
cradle at this point the integration is
somewhat limited though and it requires
some workarounds here's an example that
I created
that's a subset of the larger example in
the cradle repo for Colin and I have
that link from the slides when those get
posted you'll see that but if you look
carefully at that previous example
you'll notice that there are a couple
things that were a little bit off
there's a few lines just didn't look
quite right that's because to make Colin
work in an idiomatic way that most of us
are familiar with from groovy and what
most Android developers are used to in
general I to add all of these extension
functions to get it to work some things
that I did hear created a block for the
android tag so that we could use the
Android dsl reference we wanted named
access to the release build since it
statically typed in groovy when you type
your bill type release brackets that's
actually internally resolving that in
doing a look up with defined by name if
we want that static compilation we have
to use an extension function to
explicitly declare build type it's not
awesome but that's one of the
workarounds that need to be done
we also needed to access the default
product flavor object directly if we
were just use the default config that
groovy provides us or that Gradle
provides us it returns the abstract
class so we'd have to do an instance of
check and cast into something different
which would be pretty gross so this
allows us to get around that a little
bit as well also in standard groovy when
using the Android build tools you'll
notice that you can set the min SDK and
the compile-time sdk just using an
integer well under the hood that's
actually converting that into an API
level object so we also created a couple
extension functions to facilitate being
able to take an integer and convert it
into that you can definitely see that
it's a proof-of-concept however it goes
to show that the entire Internet can be
used in column and we can dig into some
examples now that we've moved past the
script a little bit into work Kotlin
shines without having to have these type
of workarounds and that's in the plugins
so as your your build scale and you want
to share different logic between the
different apps that you have you start
building plugins it's colin and those
can be very productive so here's a
common scenario that a lot of Android
engineers would be familiar with
developer would want to sign an outgoing
request with the consumer key and secret
for authentication on the back end in
this example we define the key in secret
and then we use them with a generic sdk
let's focus on that API key part
specifically one obvious improvement
that we can do to protect
nice the code here is to have different
API keys for different cell types of
flavors for example due to analytics you
may want a different consumer key and
secret used for the developer release
and the production release this wasn't
an SDK but your own web service
you also want to find this staging and
production credentials this way
potentially as well
more interestingly what if you wanted to
push this to an open source repo like
github or allow third-party developers
or contractors to work on your source
code and you didn't want to expose
confidential information
ideally we'd have a proper separation of
concerns and we have these keys provided
to the application during the build
process from a secure location on the
CIA machine this would meet the previous
concern and give us the confidence that
when the developer pushed it open source
repo that they didn't accidentally
leaked information this is an example of
where the Gradle tooling can really
shine what we have here is the android
Gradle plug-in dsl that allows us to add
a constant to the generated build config
class that's accessible in the Android
source code were able to define
different keys and secrets for various
built types and flavors both and the
syntax is very straightforward you just
declare the type followed by the name
and the value to be accessed
so now we have the keys provided to
Gradle to the class that's broadly
accessible in our Android source code
although this allows us to provide
different keys for different build types
meeting one of our previous requirements
we still haven't been able to achieve
our other goal of separating the API
keys from the main repository so let's
take a look at some other techniques
that we can use with Gradle to help us
their rail provides a number of
mechanisms to provider inject values
into the build process there's the
Gradle properties or sometimes referred
to as the project properties of Dash P
this lives in various locations starting
in the local project defined as the
Gradle . properties file but also
including the user's home in the home /
. Gradle great about properties that
lives outside of your repo there's also
the standard standard system variables
set for running that running on the
terminal with dash D lastly you can
always load your own custom property
file and then use those values and
rest of your build lifecycle and
practice the choice varies from team to
team it's largely driven by your own
teams policies working process and
structure what CI system you use what
your onboarding process like for new and
new engineers and other minor
constraints
once we have the property accessible
this get prop function uses both the
Gradle properties and the system
variables and that's the order of
precedence and how they're resolved
you can have your development key for
your dad builds but when it comes to the
CI build you can have your system
variable set by build engineer DevOps to
overwrite that to avoid accidental check
ends and this could protect confidential
information for your organization and
here so we could use that get proper
function in the build-up Gradle whatever
that has been set to inject that into
the bill can fit class now we've met the
capability to have both of our
requirements that we mentioned earlier
we have the separation of concerns and
we're being able to inject that into the
different types
however if you have multiple keys
it can be tedious to keep track of all
the different environment variables
required to setup a new development
environment or spin up a new CI box
you might want to create a custom
properties file and leave the Gradle
that properties checked in for in
sensitive information like the artifact
ID version number other things like that
and then you may need to file another
reason you might want a properties file
like this is if you use their party SDKs
that rely on these for pulling out
client ID or information like that
simply you just wanna onboard new
engineers with your own Gradle plug-in
and simplify that process as you scale
out your team so if you wanted to do
that we added to the . get ignore and
then we'll go ahead and we'll we'll show
some code for generating some custom
property files from that
let's create a custom task that can be
defined build Gradle we get all the
values we need and then we write them
into the file for the build you a job
engineer that's not very familiar with
groovy without put stream will be of
interest to you hear an extension to the
file class implemented by groovy that
just wraps opening a file and reading
the output stream conceptually it's very
similar to the cotton extension
functions
function extensions groovy like Scotland
also does not have checked exceptions so
there's no need for a try-catch here so
now all you need to do is run this task
once for whenever you have a new
environment a new developer additional
keys if you add a custom property to the
. getting more file you can push this
code to a public repo as well without
concern your team probably has more than
one app though maybe for consistency you
want to share some of this code you can
make sure every app is set up in the
same way even better you want to read
this process for other external apps so
let's make this more consistent for all
your apps through building a great
plugin the Gradle plug-in has three
basic ingredients that I'm going to be
talking about today and the first is the
task typically used to represent an
action triggered from the command line
or another task you can also extend the
project object for various things some
examples of providing values from the
build-up cradle or a function to the
bill . Gradle this is the land object
that you normally see in your
build.gradle files
lastly the plug-in itself is used to
bind the previous components that we
just talked about into the Gradle
lifecycle and this is generally the
business logic of your plugin that we
need to talk about a very simple way to
create a custom task is by extending the
default task class functions annotated
with that task action will be called
when the task is executed create file
function here contains the logic that we
wrote values into the custom property
file with some generalization to allow
for reusability this task requires key
and output file to be provided so that
the plug-in consumer supplies their own
lists of the keys and the path to the
file that they want to write because
this code will sit outside of the bill .
Gradle we could have written in java
let's do a simple example to demonstrate
why I think groovier Kotlin would be
preferable to java in this example this
is what it looks like in Java as you can
see it's a lot more ugly than the groovy
version that we just looked at includes
additional try-catch all checks and
while java developers acclimate overtime
to seeing that and kinda
get out and looking at the business
logic it actively discourages many new
developers from approaching the code
base especially when they're coming from
different languages
how many of you have opened up an
objective-c file and had a hard time
looking past all the brackets that's the
exact same feeling that non java
developers get when they look at java
code like this
unfortunately it's a barrier for entry
and I believe Colin can help us out with
that for dramatic effect
I'll show you what it looks like if we
just commented out all that ceremonial
code all that boilerplate and this is
about as concise as the group aversion
and as you can see it's much easier to
follow along what's going on now that
we've followed the small rabbit hole
down let's get back on track with our
plug-in example to continue along with
the task
another important part of it is the
defined inputs and outputs and put it
the Gradle annotation that marks the
field is an input task to be completed
and output file is another Gradle
annotation that's declared in an output
of the task for this file there
particularly important for incremental
building for the great land for the
Gradle clean task to empower proper
caching and fast builds for the
consumers of this plugin to make it
easier for plug-in consumers to
configure the task will provide an
extension extension is a simple class
that allows the plug-in consumer to
provide the certain data required to run
the plugin for example it's a great
little so it's primarily inside of the
Gradle plug-in dsl so this is what
you're used to and an example of this is
a using a pogo or a groovy version of a
POJO and this gives us the functionality
to create that lambda now these data
members at compile time will be provided
with getters and setters similar to the
synthetic properties and Colin to make
it more idiomatic will provide will also
provide the key file to shortcut
assignment to file you can add the get
proper function here in the extensions
so the function can be available to any
project that applies our plug-in and
lastly the plug-in itself that will help
us find it integrate these components
into our build lifecycle
first we want to add our extension into
the project object by using the
extensions properly property
this allows us to access the provided
data by the plug-in consumer and allows
them to use its syntax and they're built
the plug in class interacts a lot with
the project object and the Gradle
provides a configuration function in the
project object to allow for a more
concise syntax by inferring the project
object will be used in the following
closure you can see the second line here
product extensions for more concise
example this can be inferred to simply
can be inferred to simply as extensions
with the configure closure which
performs exactly like the first example
another important part of the plugins is
to make the task available to the
project the after evaluate closure means
that if you want the block of code to be
called once all the initialization phase
of Gradle has been completed
let's say that we only want to add the
task if the keys have actually been
assigned and that is we do in the after
evaluating closure to allow the plug-in
consumers setting it in their bill .
Gradle here we can see how one would use
that plug that plug in your build.gradle
script so there you have it a greater
plugin in groovy simplifying your use of
the web api keys now let's see what it
would look like if we try to convert
that into Colin here's the syntax that
you should already be familiar with from
the earlier introduction that I gave to
the language we have two fields key that
our list and file that is knowledgeable
now we don't need it to be knowledgeable
per se but for this demo I want to make
it knowledgeable to show you how to deal
with the interoperability of java api is
that are by nature knowledgeable so
Colin needs to be able to interact with
that API know that that's inaudible
coming in please pay attention to the
first line the open here declares that
this class is not final
by default all classes and Colin are
final and that'll be an issue when it
comes to building this in Gradle because
the task needs to explicitly be extended
from the Gradle and provides a proxy and
we need to market is open such a great
all can inherit from it
that its own logic is that version of
create file function when translated
line-by-line similar to groovy Colin
does not have checked exceptions so any
uncaught exception will just be elevated
to the caller here we have another
version that's a bit more idiomatic
we've replaced the for loop with a for
each and function literal but what's
more interesting here is this last line
here we're using the double bang
operator remember how key file was
knowledgeable well what we're saying
here with the double bang operator is
that Keith key file isn't all just throw
the null pointer exception and that's
another way to deal with multiple
objects and job in with multiple objects
coming from java here's our version of
the pojo as the Gradle extension and
this uses the data classroom Colin now
we're looking at the plug in class
similar to before we want to add the
extension to the project and again we
want to use the after evaluate here to
allow the extension to be set in the
build-up cradle
well this is cleaner than the java
example that I showed earlier at this
stage it still looks quite verbose and
I'd love to further improve on that some
examples the fight to get my name with
the holder you're looking that up that's
just not going to autocomplete so can we
do to simplify this by utilizing a
couple extension functions we can assign
a configure function to the project in
the first line extensions and in
extensions on the second line one will
be able to make the code alot more
concise and comfortable to those coming
from
groovy so here's the example of how it
looks like before and after we use
extension functions to clean it up you
can see in the second example how we
move towards a more declarative and
groovy like syntax so now we have the
final version of our plug-in Colin just
like with the groovy version we add
extension the after evaluation is done
to create a task to create a file based
on the extension date
that was supplied declarative concise
and familiar groovy developers but it's
consistent with the cotton that is
potentially already in your Android app
if you use panko or similar patterns in
your Android app all of your code can
start to look like this as well I
believe this reduces the context
switching the overhead and it allows for
faster move between different layers of
the stack and I've run into a large case
of developers that have a little bit of
anxiety and hopping into the build tool
incoming from android apps and I hope
that something like this can start to
make that a little more approachable
we've talked about a lot of info here
today there's some great resources on
the web to help you dig deeper into the
language first is the official docs
there a great learning resource with a
ton of info
I'd recommend starting their the column
Cohens are a great way to learn and play
with Colin your browser it's an
interactive ide echoes that cool plugin
that i showed earlier it's open source
you can dig into that it's kinda cold
replace xml layouts I wouldn't
necessarily using that in production i
know that some apps are but it's kinda
cool to see how that evolves is also the
official Gradle repo that has examples
of using cotton and build scripts now
there's another talk given by jeff
gordon actually last year door to have
that dives a lot deeper and using Colin
and android development i recommend
watching that there's also been a lot of
other great Colin talks coming out of
the android seen recently
if you wanted more information on using
that in android lastly this sample
Gradle plug-in is open-source this one
that we bought today and Scotland
version lives in this repo on github
these are all clickable links from the
slides will be shared the more people
use and contribute to Colin the faster
we can all have a modern language for
our day jobs since Google may take
awhile to officially sanction cotton
cotton for android if they ever do
it's up to us in the community to drive
the best practices forward while google
owns Android Open Source ecosystem and
we are all responsible for making it
better
can take some questions now and if you
don't want to say them out loud
out then I'm happy to talk afterwards as
well thank you for your time today very
much time we got one question from the
apps and that's out
we're cuddling has support for lint in
Android studio right now on the landing
tooling is a very telling in general is
an awesome i'm jake today introduced and
support in 104
it's somewhat recent one of three so
it'sit's reason but i don't think
there's a lot of out-of-the-box left
tooling for the things in common that
you might want to be checking for so
just be the android lengths that you
don't know whether any questions from
the audience surprised no one's asking
me about the downsides of college you
know maybe you could do something
whether I well I mean it'sit's not the
first party tooling that by the Android
team so it's definitely running a little
slower
all times are slower they're still think
eNOS in the IDE if you're using an
alternative build system like fuck
you're gonna have some issues getting it
running
it's definitely a fast-moving
environment so the tooling will get
there but it's definitely a work in
progress so we see something that you
would you try to absolutely will
absolutely guys in the corner
no I mean for us we've had multiple
teams in uber that have been been
investigating it using it in testing
different things for a little while I
know there's been plenty of other teams
pinterest has some of their code written
in it I no squares worked in column a
little bit on some of their stuff it's
definitely up-and-coming and it's going
to be a great way to put in your apps
but it's definitely since it's still
evolving is an ecosystem the tools
coming up around it it's something to be
thoughtful about the migration okay
thank you
time please give him a hand and remember
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