My name is Emma and in today's video we're going to talk about the test known as the IELTS.

我叫艾瑪，今天要講的是雅思(IELTS)測驗

So if you are going to be writing the IELTS, this video is for you.

如果你正打算參加雅思測驗，那麼今天的課程就很適合你

Now, in this video we're talking specifically about if you're writing the academic IELTS.

今天講的雅思特別是針對準備考學術組(準備留學)的人

If you're, you know, just here for general interest, you can still learn quite a bit

如果你只是為了興趣而來，你仍然可以從這部影片學到不少東西

from this video because we will be talking about different vocabulary and grammar.

因為我們會教一些不同的單字及文法

So this video can also help you if you're not taking the IELTS also.

即使你不打算考雅思，這部影片也會對你有所助益

Okay, so what are we going to be talking about specifically in this video?

我們今天要講的主題到底是什麼呢？

Well, if you're taking the IELTS you probably know that there's a writing part of the IELTS.

如果你要考雅思，你也許知道考試其中一項為「寫作」

The writing part has two sections, we call them Writing Task 1 and Writing Task 2.

「寫作」分為兩部份，我們稱之為「題型1」與「題型2」

In this video I'm going to cover a small bit of Writing Task 1.

今天的課程將簡要介紹「題型1」

So, in Writing Task 1, you're going to be given some sort of visual image.

在「題型1」裡你會看到一些圖像

Okay?

了解嗎？

So you might see something like this, this, or this.

所以你可能會看像這幾種的圖像

It might be a chart, it might be a table, but you're going to see some sort of visual

可能是圖表，可能是表格，一些圖象化的東西

and you need to describe what you're seeing.

你必須能描述出你所看到的

So this video...

在這部影片中

I've covered different types of Writing Task 1 and I'll talk about the links to some of

已經含括了各種不同形式的「題型1」，我會在影片結束時堤供各位

these other videos at the end, but in this specific video we're going to be talking about

一些相同主題影片的連結，但是今天我主要講的是

bar graphs.

長條圖

Okay?

好嗎？

So, first of all: What is a bar graph?

首先要講：什麼是長條圖？

Well, so I have here three different types of charts or graphs.

我們這裡有三種不同的圖表

We have this one, this one, and this one.

這種，這種，和這種

This is called a pie chart. Okay?

這種叫圓餅圖

I've covered this in another video, so if you're interested in learning how to write

我在另一部影片裡有詳細解說，如果你想知道如何描述圓餅圖

about pie charts, you can check out that video.

你可以去看那一部影片

But you'll notice with a pie chart it looks kind of like a pizza or a pie.

圓餅圖看起來有點像一個披薩或是派

It's in a circle and it's...

是圓形的

Has different colours representing different percents.

裡面用不同的顏色來表所佔的百分比

We have here, this is called a line graph.

這種叫線形圖

So you'll notice that there's a line and, you know, sometimes this represents time,

你會看到像這樣的一條線，橫軸有時代表時間

sometimes it represents other things, but with a line graph you'll notice, like, increases

有時代表其他東西，線形圖可以看出增減的變化

and decreases, but it's one connected line.

它是一條連續的線

We're not covering either of these in this video.

這兩種都不是今天要講的

What we're going to be covering is another thing you might see on the IELTS, which is

今天要講的是另一個你可能在雅思會看到的

you might be given a picture like this.

像這樣的圖形

This is called a bar graph or a bar chart.

這就叫長條圖

So we have here these rectangular-shaped things that are each a different colour.

這些不同顏色的長方形

These are known as bars. Okay?

就是我們說的長條

So, I know a bar is a place you go to buy beer, but in this case a bar is not that,

我知道 bar (酒吧) 是去喝酒的地方，但在這裡的 bar 不是指酒吧

it's actually this kind of rectangle on the chart.

而是這些圖表裡的長方形

So, on the IELTS you may get a picture of something like this.

在雅思測驗你會看到這類的圖表

You might actually get a picture of two things together, or you might get a picture of something

實際上你可能會看到兩種合併在一起的的圖表，或是比這種

a lot more complicated than this.

更複雜的圖表

In this case we're going to talk about: What would you do and say, and what are some tips

因此今天我們就要教你：如果你看到長條圖時

if you get a picture of a bar graph or a bar chart?

要如何答題的技巧

Okay, so what are you going to have to do?

你要如何做呢？

Specifically they're going to ask you...

題目會這樣出

After you get a picture like this, they're going to ask you to describe what you see.

給你看一個這樣的圖形，然後要求你將所看到的描述出來

Okay? So you're describing the main information.

所以你要描述出圖形裡涵蓋的主要資訊

You're also going to have to maybe make comparisons, say how things are similar or how things are

也許你還要做一些比較，例如有哪些相似或相異之處

different, which is contrast.

這就是對照法

So, for example, if this is, you know, different activities, maybe you might say that the red

例如要表示不同的活動，你可以說紅色

is shopping and the blue is golfing.

是代表購物，藍色代表打高爾夫球

In this case, shopping is less popular than golfing. Okay?

以這個例子來說，購物比打高爾夫更不受歡迎

So pretty much you need to compare the different bars and say: What are the same about them?

你需要比較這些不同的條狀指標：它們的共通性是什麼？

Which ones are similar and which ones are different?

佊此的相似處和相異處又是什麼？

You're also going to have to report any main features or trends.

你還要指出來圖表主要的特點或代表的趨勢是什麼

Okay?

了解嗎？

So maybe you'll see a pattern and you're going to have to write about, you know, some of

要根據題目圖形上面給你的資訊

these main points you see when you look at the visualization.

寫出圖形的主旨

You do not write your opinion.

不是要你隨便發表個人的意見

Okay? So if this is a graph on education, maybe this is elementary school, secondary school,

如果這是個有關教育體系的圖表，這些長條就可能代表小學，中學

university, master's, and like a doctorate or something - you do not write what you think

大學，碩、博士等，不是靠自己的想像力去寫

about it. Okay?

懂嗎？

All you do is in this type of question, you're just writing what you see and what it means.

對這類的題型，你只要寫下你看到的資訊和代表的意義

You're not writing your opinion on anything.

不是要你發表個人意見

So you should not write the words: "I think" or "In my opinion", you'll actually lose marks

所以不要寫類似「我認為」或「按照我的看法」這種字眼，否則你會因此

for this.

失分

So in task 1, no opinion; that's for task 2.

所以「題型一」不是要你發表個人意見，那是「題型二」才要做的事

Okay, so for something like this, and we will look at an example question, you have about

好，我們來舉一下例子，做這個大題你只有大約

20 minutes.

20分鐘的時間

You know, you're responsible for your timing, but something like this should take you about

你必須自己掌握答題時間，這個單元約需要用到20分鐘

20 minutes and you need to write at least 150 words.

你要寫至少150個字

If you write less, you lose marks.

字數不夠，得分就不會高

So it's very important to write at least 150 words.

所以寫至少150字是很重要的

There is such a thing as too many words, so you don't have to write 800, that would be

字數太多也不行，你不需要寫到800個字

very bad.

那會很糟糕

You know, writing 500 would be very bad.

500個字也很糟糕

You're aiming for around 150 words.

只要約 150 個字就可以了

You know, maybe 170 is fine, but you don't want to write way too much either.

也許 170 個字還可以，但就是不要超過太多

Okay, so now we're going to look at an example of a question for this and some more tips

現在就來看看例題以及更多答題技巧

on how to...

如何...

How to write when you look at a bar graph.

看到長條圖後如何答題

Okay, so I have here an example of an IELTS question.

這裡有一個雅思考題的例子

So, here's the chart and here is the question itself.

這裡是圖表，這裡是題目

It says: "The chart shows information about changes in the average housing prices

題目：「圖表顯示 1990 到 2000 年間，在三個不同城市

in three different cities between 1990 and 2000.

平均房價變動的情形

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features

整合這些資料，選擇並指出主要的特徵

and making comparisons where relevant."

做出相關性比較」

So, for a question like this you will again have about 20 minutes, and you'll also have...

同樣的，你有約20分鐘時間答題，你還要...

You have to write about 150 words.

你還要寫大約 150 個字

So, what do a lot of students do when they see this?

大多數學生看到題目後的反應是如何呢？

They go: "Oh my gosh. I... I don't know what to do. I panic."

他們反應是：「天啊...我不知道怎麼答題，我很緊張。」

Right? A lot of students get really stressed out, but this is something you can do.

對吧？許多學生會覺得壓力很大，但是你可以這麼做

So, the number one thing you need to do is take a breath, first thing, and then think

第一，先吸一口氣，然後再想想看

about: What are you seeing?

你看到了什麼？

Don't just start writing.

不要急著答題

Think about: What can you actually see?

想想看：你看到了什麼？

What is happening here?

題目問的是什麼？

Okay?

懂嗎？

So, for example, here we have on this side...

舉例來說，圖形的這一部份

This is called the Y axis.

稱之為 Y 軸

We have the percentage of change in housing prices.

所顯示的是房價變動的百分比

Okay, so I see here the word "percent" and I see the numbers 10, 5, -5, and -10.

我看到了 "percent" 這個字，也看到 10, 5, -5, 及 -10這些數字

So this is showing percent.

這就表示百分比

Okay?

懂嗎？

And what kind of percent is it showing?

是什麼東西的百分比呢？

Housing prices, so the cost of buying a house.

是房價，買房子要付的錢

How has it changed over time?

房價如何隨著時間變化？

And then I can also look here and here.

我可以看這裡和這裡

Okay, so we're looking at the year 1990 and we're comparing it to 2000.

我們看1990年這裡，並和2000年做比較

Usually the graph would also have a title.

通常圖形會有一個標題

I didn't have enough space to write the title, but in terms of the visual you might see something

因為白板的空間不夠所我沒寫標題，但是在題目上你可能會看到

like this.

有標題

There are different types of bar graphs.

長條圖也分好幾種

So sometimes you'll just have, you know, maybe one part of it, sometimes you'll have multiple

有的只代表單一的資訊，有的則是由許多資訊組合成的

bar graphs you need to interpret, sometimes you'll have a pie graph and a bar graph, so

你必須去解讀，有時會把餅狀圖和長條圖放在一起

key here is take your time to really think about what you're seeing.

重點就是把握時間將你所看到的圖形弄清楚

So in this case we have three different colours: blue, green, and red; and we have three different

在這個例子中有三種顏色：藍色，綠色，和紅色；也有三個城市

cities: Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.

多倫多，蒙特婁，和溫哥華

So, I made up this, by the way.

順便說明，這是我虛構的數字

This is not actually reflective of housing prices in these cities.

不代表這些城市真正的房價

I have no idea what housing prices are right now, so you know, don't take this as fact

我也不知道現在的房價是多少，請別當真

because it's made up numbers.

這虛構的數字用來舉例而已

So when you look at this, what can we see right away?

當你看到這個圖表後，你直接的反應是什麼？

Well, we can find Toronto.

嗯，我們可以找到多倫多

This is Toronto in 1990 and this is Toronto in 2000.

這是1990年的多倫多，這是2000年的多倫多

Okay?

懂嗎？

If I look here this is about 5% and here it's 10%.

如果你看這裡，這是5%，這是10%

I can also look at Montreal.

我再看蒙特婁

Montreal here is in the negatives.

蒙特婁顯示的百分比是負值

It's -5%, compared to here in 2000 which is 5%, so it's a positive number.

是負 5%，對照看 2000 年的則是正 5%

And then we can look at red which represents Vancouver, this is the same as Toronto, it's

接著我們看紅色的溫哥華，和多倫多一樣是 5%

5%, and this is, again, the same as Toronto, 5%.

這裡也是和多倫多一樣 5%

So, you can start by asking yourself some questions.

現在你可以從自問自答開始

Okay?

好嗎？

What are you looking at?

你看到的是什麼？

You can look at the bars and think about: Which is the tallest bar?

你看著長條圖的時候可以思考：最長的是哪一條？

So in this case the tallest bar in 1990 are both Toronto and Vancouver.

以這個例子而言，多倫多和溫哥華兩個都是1990年最長的

In 2000, the tallest bars are also Toronto and Vancouver.

在2000年，也仍然是多倫多和溫哥華

You can look at the shortest bar.

你在看最短得那一條

Well, in this case, in terms of negative, we see Montreal.

在這個例子中，這條已經變成負值，所以是蒙特婁，

Okay?

懂嗎？

In this case, again, it's Montreal.

在這裡，一樣，也是蒙特婁

So looking at which is the tallest and which is the shortest are some questions you want

所以哪個最長和哪個最短是你首先要

to ask yourself right off the bat.

問自己的問題

You also want to look at change over time.

你也要注意它們在不同時間的變化

Okay?

懂嗎？

You know: How is this graph changing?

這個圖形是如何變化的？

Is something increasing?

是否某些數值增加了？

Is something decreasing?

是否某些數值減少了？

In this case we see Toronto increased, Montreal increased, and Vancouver increased.

這個例子中，我們看到多倫多增加了，蒙特婁增加了，溫哥華也增加了

Everything has increased over time.

隨著時間不同所有的數值都增加了

You also want to compare: How are these bars the same and how are they different?

你也要比較：這些長條相同及相異之處

So I'll look: Okay, you know, in this case Toronto and Vancouver are the same,

這個例子中，多倫多和溫哥華是相同的

Montreal is different.

蒙特婁則不同

Toronto and Vancouver have both increased, Montreal has decreased.

多倫多和溫哥華的數值都是增加，蒙特婁則是減少

In this case all three have increased, but Toronto and Vancouver are greater.

在這裡所有的都是增加，但是多倫多和溫哥華增加的比較多

You know, they show greater increase than Montreal.

它們的數值增加的比蒙特婁多

So noticing these types of patterns and just really analyzing: "What are you seeing?" will

所以瞭解這些模式並且認真分析：「你所看到的是什麼？」

really help you in terms of your answer.

在你回答問題時將帶給你很大幫助

So key point here: Don't just write.

這裡所講重點就是：不要只顧著寫答案

Take a minute to actually understand what you are looking at.

先花一點時間來真正理解題目

Okay, now let's look at some other tips on how to do...

現在我們再看看分析長條圖

How to analyze a bar graph.

其他的撇步

Okay, so you've now understood what you're looking at.

現在你已經理解所看到的圖表

You've read the question carefully and you've also looked at the visual, in this case, a

你已經仔細看過題目你也看到了圖表，在這個例子就是

bar graph.

長條圖

So what do you do next?

那麼下一步該怎麼做？

Well, it's a good idea to have a plan on how to do these questions.

我認為對於如何回答問題，心裡先有一個計畫是不錯的方法

So, for example, what I would recommend is first write an introduction.

舉例來說，我會建議首先寫下簡介

Your introduction should not be long. Okay?

簡介要簡短

A lot of students, they start the introduction and then they run out of time because they

許多學生，他們開始寫簡介後卻發現時間不夠了，因為他們

spent too much time on the introduction.

寫簡介花了太多時間

For this, you only really need to write maybe two sentences for your introduction.

在這個例子，你只需要寫兩句就夠了

What your sentences should say in your introduction is it should pretty much say all of this,

內容大致包括這些重點就可以了

so you need to talk about what kind of chart it is.

你需要提到這是哪一種圖表

In this case it's a bar chart or a bar graph, and you can pretty much say all of this information.

在這裡就是指長條圖，你也可以理解這些資訊

Now here's the tricky thing: You can't just copy what you see here.

有一個要小心的地方：你不能只是回答圖表上顯示的東西

Okay? So in your answer, your answer should not be, you know:

好嗎？所以你不應該如此回答：

"The chart shows information about changes in the average housing prices

「這個圖表告訴我們1990年和2000年

in three different cities between 1990 and 2000."

三個不同城市的平均房價」

If you copy the question you will lose marks.

你如果只是照著圖表回答就會被減分

Okay? It does not show what you're capable of, so do not copy the words in the question.

這樣回答無法表現出你理解能力，所以不要這樣答題

You need to use your own words to say all of this information, but use your own words.

你必須用你自己的話來說明圖表上的資訊，用你自己的話

Okay? So one way to do this: Instead of saying...

例如你可以這麼說：

If they say: "chart" here, you can change that to "bar graph".

如果題目寫「圖表」，你可以改成「長條圖」

Okay?

懂嗎？

Instead of using the word "show", maybe you can use the word "demonstrate" or "indicate"

避免和題目用同樣的字譬如 "show"，你可以改用其他的同義字如 "demonstrate" 或 "indicate"

or, you know, "represents", "illustrates".

或是 "represents", "illustrates"

So there's a lot of great words you can use instead of "show".

不用 "show" 這個字，還是有很多其他很棒的同義字可用

In terms of the three different cities, you can actually name the cities.

有關三個不同的城市，你可以改成直接將城市名字寫出來

In this case we looked at Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver.

這個例子裡就是多倫多、蒙特婁、溫哥華

You know, you'll also have to include details about the dates, but you can change some of

你也必須提到日期(年份)，這些字你可以用一些

these words around.

其他的字代替

Instead of: "average housing prices", maybe you could change that to: "the price of housing".

例如 "average housing prices"，你可以改成 "the price of housing"

You know, so there's different things you can do.

這些就是你可以做的事

The main point here is change the wording and change the sentence structure if you can.

這裡主要講的就是盡量改用不同的字或句子

So that's key in your introduction.

這就是寫簡介的重點

Again, you are not giving your opinion here.

再次提醒，這個時候不是要你發表個人看法

Okay?

懂嗎？

So whether you think: "Oh, it's great that, you know, all these Canadian cities, you know,